初中英语时态总结(较简单).docx

精品文档初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构（一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时,现在完成时，和一般将来时态）及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。1、一般现在时：用法：1）现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如：I get up at six every morning.He plays tennis once a week.2）现在的状态。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.3）客观真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：often , usually , sometimes , always , every day , never , in the morning等连用时。构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是 he, she , it 和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：一般情况+ s以 s, x, ch, sh , o 结尾+ es以辅音+ y结尾变y为i + es主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式：S+V/动词的第三人称单数否定式：S+ dont/doesnt +V+ 其他疑问式：Do/Does+S+V+其他简略回答：（肯）Yes,S+do/does（ 否）No,S+do/does not注意：have的第三人称单数为 has主 语目 7E式否定式疑问式I am a student.I am not a student.Are you a student.A、二人称We/You/ They are students.We/You/ They are notAre you/ they students?和第三人称He/ She is a student.students.Is he/ she a student?复数以及名He/ She is not a student.词复数I / We/ You/ They/ likeI / We/ You/ They/ dont likeDo you/ they like music?music.music.Do many people likeMany people like music.Many peopledontlikemusic?music.当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时:肯定式：S + be +否定式：S+ be +not +疑问式：Am /Is /Are + S+ ?简略回答：（肯）Yes,S + be.（否）No,S + be.练习题：1. - May I help you, sir?-Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it.A. didn t work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work2. the bus until it.A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop3. The 70-year-old man exercises in the morning.A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take2.现在进行时用法：1 ）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：She is having a bath now.2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：You are working hard today.Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.The population of the world is growing very fast.3）频度副词always, forever等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas.（表示欣赏，表扬 ）4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay等动词）。如:The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.5）常用于现在进行时态的时间状语：now ,look,listen 等。构成：be+ v -ingv-ing现在分词的构成:一般情况cook-cooking以不发白子母e结尾的单词。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只宿一个辅音字母时run-running, stop-stopping,2）肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句：S+be +V-ing否定句：S+be+not + V-ing一般疑问句：Is（Are）+S+V-ing ?特殊疑问:wh_+ be + S + V-ing?e.g.主 语目 7E式否定式疑问式第 、人称和I am driving.I am not driving.Are you driving?第三人称复数He/She/It is working.He/She/It is not working.Is he/she/it working?以及名词复数We/You/TheyaredoingWe/You/They are not doingAre you/theydoingsomething.anything.something?练习题:1. I don t think that its true. Shes lies.A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told2. How you with the new job?A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on3. - Are these socks yours?-No. Mine outside on the clothes line.A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung3. 一般将来时用法：1 .将要发生的动作。例如：I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.2 .将要存在的状态。例如：This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?3 .打算要做的事。 例如：Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?3)常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrow next week in 2008等。构成：1 .助动词 will(shall)+v2 . be +going to +v练习题：1. I for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport?A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left2.1 to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come3.We Chinese the Olympic Games in 2008.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold4. 一般过去时用法：1 .过去发生的动作。例如：The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 .过去存在的状态。例如:They werent able to come because they were so busy.3 .常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday , three months ago , last year , in 1979 ,等。构成：S+V- ed用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母+ y结尾去y变i + ed重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只介-个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed2） 一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以 be和like为例）：主 语目 7E式否定式疑问式I was a student.I was not a student.Were you a student.We/You/ They wereWe/You/ They wereWere you/ they students?A、二人称和第二人students.not students.Was he/ she a student?称复数以及名词复数He/ She was aHe/ She was not astudent.student.Did you/ they like music?I / We/ You/ They/Did many people like music?I / We/ You/ They/didnt like music.liked music.Many people didn tMany people likedlike music.music.练习题:1. r. Mott is out. But he here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2. -Hi, Tom.-Hello, Fancy. I you were here.A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know3. He promised to tell me by himself when I.A. come B. would come C. come D. had come5、过去进行时概念：1）过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如:This time last year I was living in Brazil.What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：at four yesterday afternoon , then , at that time/moment 等。构成： was / were +v-ing1) Daddy promised me he me a computerA. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy2) They said they do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going6、现在完成时概念：1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用.如：She has never read this novel.2）表示 过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去.常与for （后跟段时间）或since （后跟点时间）等连用.如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：He has died for 3 years.（F）He has been dead for 3 years.（T）注：现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning 等have/has been to 表示 去过"（去了又回来了）have/has gone to 表示 去过"（去了没回来了）如：Where has she gone?（ 句中所指的人不在）Where has she been?（ 句中作指的人在）构成：have / has + v-ing2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以 be和see为例）：肯定句：S+ have （has） +V-ed否定句： S+ have （has） +not（haven t,hasn t）+V-ed一般疑问句：Have（Has）+ S+V-ed+ ?特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+ ?主 语目 7E式否定式疑问式第 、人称和 第三人称复数 以及名词复数I /We/You/ They have been here before.He/ She has been here before.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.I /We/You/ They haventbeen here before.He/ She hasn t been here before .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven t seen the film.Have you/ they been here before?Has he/ she been here before?Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?练习题:1 .-How long he a fever?-Ever since last night.A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have2 .My bowl is empty. Who all my soup?A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunkD. drank3 . I you for a long time. Where you?A. Didnt seen; did, go B. didnt see; have, goneC. haven t seen; have, been D. havent seen; have gone7、过去完成时态用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是 过去 的过去"常与by lastyear, by the time of yesterday,等连用。 如：She said she had seen the film 4 times.When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.By the time they arrived, the bus had left.2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与 for （后跟段时间）或since （后 跟点时间）等连用.如：She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.构成：肯定式：had + V_ed否定式：hadnt + V_ed疑问式：Had + V_ed简略回答:Yes, S + have/has had.No, S + had6欢迎下载精品文档选择最佳答案填空（） 1.Well go swimming if the weatherfine tomorrow.A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be（） 2.Itfive years since he has left for Beijing.A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be（） 3.Please dont leave the office until your friendback.A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come（） 4.By the end of last year heabout 1500 English words.A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned（） 5.Listen ! Someonein the next room .A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried（） 6.You must tell him the news as soon as youhim.A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing（） 7.He told me that heto see us the next day.A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come（） 8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps hehome.A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come（） 9.The teacher told us that the sunbigger than the earth.A. is B. was C. has been D.will be（） 10.Could you tell me where the railway station?A. was B. is C. will be D. would be（） 11.Weto the Great Wall several times.A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been（） 12.It seemed that the old manfor something over there.A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked（） 13.He was sure that hehis wallet in the office .A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left（） 14.You must study hard if youwant to fail the exam.A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt（） 15. Im afraid you cant sit here . Sorry , Iknow.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didntD.read（） 16. As shethe newspaper , Grannyasleep.A. read , was falling B.was reading fell C. was reading , was fallingfell（） 17. Jim is not coming tonight . But he!A. promises （许诺） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised（） 18. Whats her name? I.A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting 三、动词时态能力综合测试（） 1.He oftenhis clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash（） 2.I m Chinese. Wherefrom?A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming（） 3.Mayto school.A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking（） 4.We will start as soon as our teacher.A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming（） 5.How long agoplaying football?A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop（） 6.Ithard when I left my house .A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain（） 7.I think this questionto answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy（） 8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father.A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept（） 9.How many people does the doctor know whoof the disease （疾病 ） ？D. diesD. had finishedD. has served the armyA. are dyingB. is dying C. has died（） 10.Imy homework now.A. finish B. finished C. have finished（） 11.Hefor three years.A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined（） 12.His grandfatherfor thirty years.A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died（） 13.Ifrom my brother for a long time.A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear（） 14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, always interested him.A. has B. have C. are D. is（） 15.Did your brother go to America last year? .A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone hereC. No , he never was there D. No , he has never been there（） 16.Hethat factory since 1958.A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to（） 17.Our teacherto Beijing three times.A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been（） 18.Last week Johnhis leg.A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken（） 19.Jackhis thick coat because it was snowing.A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on（） 20.Hethe picture on the wall.A. hangedB. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged（） 21.Next monthtwenty five.A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be （） 22.Youher again in a few weeks.A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen（）23. By the end of last term weEnglish for two years.A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied（）24.MrsBrownin New York for three years before she went to London.A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live（） 25.When we arrived , the dinner.A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun（） 26.I will go home for the holiday as soon as Imy exams.A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished（） 27.When, Ill talk to him.A. does Peter comeB. Peter will comeC. Peter comes D. can Peter come（） 28.My sisterto see me . Shell be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came（） 29.They said theyour answer the next day .A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear（） 30.The old man said that lightfaster than sound.A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel9欢迎下载 。二、 1. A 2. B 3.C 14. B 15. AB 4. D 5. C 6.16.A 17.B18.AA 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B11. D 12. C 13.13. B 14.三、 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B9. A 10. C 11. B 12. CD 15. D 16. B 17. D 18.B 19. B 20. B 21. B 22.A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. C28. B 29. C 30.