名词性从句十大考点及热点问题人教版-高三复习.doc

名词性从句十大考点及热点问题名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点，有主、谓成份；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点，也是高考的主要考点之一。无论是从高考的角度，还是从英语学习本身来讲，名词性从句的以下知识，都是我们必须弄懂和掌握的重点和热点问题。一、引导词what与that的用法区别。引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如（NMET96）：_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。又如（上海高考98）：_ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where解析：该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.二、 引导词whether和if的用法区别。通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if or not。例如（MET92）：_ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That解析：试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，所以答案是C。但是当宾语或主语从句为否定句时，只能用if引导，不能用whether引导。例如（上海高考题92）：_ you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether答案是C，that不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。由于该主语从句是否定句，所以不能用whether引导。三、 名词性从句的语序。与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例如（MET91）:No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能是A。又如（上海高考题94）：You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited 解析：答案是B。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。四、 形式主、宾语。当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。形式宾语也只能用it。例如（MET95）:_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有that-从句（逻辑主语），可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等动词后常可以带it作形式宾语。例如：Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如（NMET97）：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如（上海高考题99）：_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever解析：答案是D，whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例：I cant remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）六、 Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如（NMET99）： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. that D. where 解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。又如（MET94）；Do you remember _ he came?Yes, I do, he came by car.A. How B. when C. that D. if解析：答案是A，从答语 “he came by car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式，所以用how引导。七“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别。介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如（上海高考题98）：It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（作宾语时自然要用whom）。比较下例：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语，所以要用宾格whom。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）八、名词性从句中有插入成分时。此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如（上海高考题95）：_ you have seen both fighters, _ will win?A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you thinkC. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think解析：根据上面的讲解，不难知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作think的宾语；由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（不用whom）。九、引导词that的省略。引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。例如：Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。十、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money.This the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where B. that C. about which D. in which解析：答案分别是(1) A (2) A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的house与where同表地点，且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引导。（1）题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。3 / 3