2020刘晓燕完形强化笔记.pdf

第一节 完形概述 一、大家觉得考研完形难吗？ 完形难的原因： 内心上没有重视过完形，分值过低。 一直以为靠感觉做题，没有方法。 单词词汇其实是考研中最基础最核心的，而且没有长难句。但是定位太难。 完形填空答案的分布规律： 分布在该填空所在的句子中。 例：2011年14题 Although sadness also _14_ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses. 14Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 分布在该填空的句子之外的上下句中。 例：2011年17题 In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips， which would produce a（n） _17_ expression. 16Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 17Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent 分布在填空所处的整个意群，整个段落，整篇文章中。 例：2008年21题 He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. 2.A unique B particular C specialD rare 看完这篇文章才知道的选项。 二、完形填空特点 1、240-280单词，首段首句不出题（那是文章中心句），每隔4-15单词一个填空，给出四个答 案，选一个。 例：2004年22题 A beforeB unlessC untilD because22. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people青少年犯罪的原因) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized（惩罚） for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. 2、选的答案不是正确答案，而是the best one。 刘晓燕考研完形填空 2019年9月6日 22:10 第 1 页 有一个明确的主题，这个主题控制全文。 文章是总分对照的结构（每一段也是总分结构）。 3、完美型 例：2002年9题 It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . 9. Aindeed Bhence Chowever Dtherefore 三、考研完形的考点 1、阅读能力：精读能力 2、语法能力：10种做题方法定位线索源于语法 3、词汇能力 只知其一不知其他；只知大概，不知具体 只知认词，不知辩词；只知词义，不知使用 四、完形的做题步骤 1、精读完形文章前两句话把握文章中心 2、按段精读，按段理解，按段做题 3、对每一个空进行分析，找出每一个空定位线索得出正确答案 4、查漏补缺 第二节 具体做题方法 一、逻辑关系题 英语一中有4-5道，英语二中有3-4道 并列关系 and，and also，or，neithernor，either.or，not onlybut also，likewise， similarly，equally，in the same way，that is (to say)，as well as，the same as 递进关系 also，then，besides，in addition，additionally，moreover，whats more， furthermore，above all，indeed 因果关系 Because，for，since，as，thus，hence，therefore，so，so that，in order that， accordingly On account of=in response to=because of In that=because Seeing that，considering that，now that 转折关系（对比关系） but，however，yet，by contrast，on the contrary，contrarily，on the other hand， unfortunately 让步关系（对比关系） although，though，even though，even if，even，in spite of，despite， 1、英语中常见的逻辑关系词 第 2 页 nevertheless，much as，while，whereas，as 其他表示对比关系的词（对比关系） rather than，instead of，against unlike，notbut，in fact 列举关系 first，second，last，to begin with，to continue，next，first，then，on one hand， on the other hand，for one thing，for another thing，one，another，some， others，still others 条件关系 if，only if，unless，otherwise，suppose/ing，provide/ed，as soon as，in case， when，with 例：2002年16题“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said. 16.Awith Bto Cfrom Dby 举例关系 for example/instance，such as，of/among these+具体例子，to take an example， to illustrate，lets imagine，more specifically speaking，according to 转折和让步的区别： 转折词后面那句话意思能够把转折词前面那句话意思彻底推翻，而让步关系词后面那句话意思不能 够把前面那句话意思彻底推翻。 只需要逻辑关系词前后对应成分的意思就可以了 2、逻辑关系词的做题方法 例：2001年1题 The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases（经典案例） 1 the trial（审判） of Rosemary West. 1.Aas to Bfor instance（后面有逗号的） Cin particular Dsuch as 例：2002年9题 It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . 9. Aindeed Bhence Chowever Dtherefore 例：2004年20题 All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 20. A provided B since C although D supposing 例：2005年20题 The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. 20.A similar to B such as C along with D aside from 例：2007年12题 Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 10 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. 第 3 页 12.A Since B If C Unless D While=although=as 14.A spread B interference C exclusion D influence 例：2009年14，18题 Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive. 14.A by chance B in contrast C as usual D for instance 18.A Above all B After all C However D Otherwise 3、逻辑关系题的猜词技巧 同性元素排除原则，有例外 While和wherea都表示对比关系，但是当他们两个同时出现时选while不选whereas，因为 while比whereas更正式 例：06年14题 And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.Many others， 14 not addicted or mentally ill，simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 . 14.A when B once C while D whereas Indeed和其他表示递进的词相比更注重强调 例：06年1题 The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 1 ， homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments cant possibly 2 . 1.A Indeed B Likewise C Therefore D Furthermore For instance和such as都表示举例，for instance后面有逗号，such as后面没有逗号 例外： 例：2005年1题 The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. 1.A although B as C but D while ABD都表示让步只有C表示转折 做好not题 如果逻辑关系词前后两句话一个带not一个不带not，就一定选表示对比的关系词 例：2002年11题 It is generally recognized， 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . 11. Aunless Bsince Clest Dalthough 第 4 页 例：2003年18题 This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 18. A On the contrary B On the average C On the whole D On the other hand 段首 除第一段以外的各段段首如果要填逻辑关系的词，就要填表示对比的关系词。如果没有表示对比的 关系词，则选表示递进的关系词。 总分 如果逻辑关系词前后的内容具有包容性也就是总分关系的话，就一定选表示举例关系的词。 二、动词题的做题方法 根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系来做题 主语必须是有人的动词有：doubt、intend、require、regard、be impressed by、believe、notice 主语必须是物的动词有：manifest（与show同时出现选show） 看主语：看主语是人还是物 看宾语是人还是物。 只能跟人做宾语的谓语动词有assure、impress、side with 可跟人可跟物的动词（一般是正确答案）：ensure、agree with 看宾语是抽象名词还是具体名词 跟抽象名词做宾语：enhance；（+the quality） 跟具体名词做宾语：fasten（系紧，绑紧）、label（贴标签）、feed 既跟抽象又跟具体名词有：tighten 看宾语： 根据动词后介词以及介词后宾语来做题（固定搭配） 例：2001年2、7题 In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control. 2. Atightening Bintensifying（vt. 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers behavior 10 itself. 10.A about B for C on D by 例：2011年12、15题 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. 12.A with B on C in D at Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. 15.A into B from C towards D beyond 以上六种为基本方法，如果依然无法得到正确答案，就用以下三种方法。 七、根据上下文逻辑关系的做题方法 例：Misunderstanding often ，but sometimes serious A filling B surprising C anxious D amusing 例：2003年1、4题 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 1. A thought B idea C opinion D advice 3. A care B nutrition C exercise D leisure 例：2004年1、4、5题 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. 第 9 页 Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 5 as a rejection of middle-class values. 1. A acting B relying C centering D commenting 4. A return B reply C reference D response 5. A or B but rather C but D or else 例：2006年4题 To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.三个并列句子 4.A raise B add C take D keep 例：2007年4题 Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 3.A shared分享、对某件事达成共识 B forgot C attained D rejected 4.A related B close C open D devoted 5.A access B succession C right D return 例：2009年7、16题 It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning a(n) 7 process instead of instinct. 7.A incredible B spontaneous C inevitable D gradual 逐渐的 We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 16.A moderate B overcome C determine D reach 例：2010年17题 When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 17.A failed B ceased C started D continued 八、总分结构对照法的做题方法 如果有一道实词题（名动形副）出现在总述句时，提示线索必须要看下面的分述。 例：2004年9题 Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful得到employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior. 9. A affect B reduce C chock D reflect 例：2006年5、10题 5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. 第 10 页 Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 . One of the federal governments studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. 5.A Generally B Almost C Hardly D Not 10.A assist B track C sustain D dismiss 例：2007年8题 On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces. 8.A freedom B origin C impact D reform 例：2010年4、14题 The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 9 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers behavior 10 itself. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin down. 4.A controversial B perplexing C mischievous淘气的, 顽皮的 D ambiguous 14.A disputable B enlightening C reliable D misleading 九、根据文章中心的做题方法 四个选项当中，如果读起来两个以上都是正确的，此时就想文章的中心和文章中心靠的最近的选项 一定是正确答案。 例：2003年7题 However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 7. A improper不合适的, 不适当的 B risky C fair D wise 第 11 页 例：2004年22、27题 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people青少年犯罪的原因) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized（惩罚） for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. 22. A before B unless C untilD because Most theories of juvenile delinqu