难点1并非只表抽象的抽象名词.doc
难点1 并非只表抽象的抽象名词 抽象名词一般看作不可数名词,但有时也可与冠词连用，表示具体化。 难点磁场 1.（）Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_exciting experience. (NMET 2002) A.不填；the B.不填；an C.an；an D.the；the 2.（）Many people agree that_knowledge of English is_must in international trade today. A.a；a B.the；an C.the；the D.不填；the 3.（）One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_good knowledge of basic word information. (上海2002) A./ B.the C.a D.one 4.（）I hear that as many as 150 people were killed in the earthquake. Yes，_news came as_shock to us. A.the；the B.the；a C.不填；不填 D.不填；a 5.()He has_great interest in history，especially in_history of Tang Dynasty. A.a；the B.a；/ C./；the D./；a 案例探究 1.For many Beijingers，dreams of living in_green area are becoming_reality. A.a；a B.the；the C.不填；不填 D.the；不填 命题意图：表面看本题考查学生对冠词的用法，其实也考查了学生对抽象名词具体化的掌握，属于五星级题目。 知识依托：抽象名词并非都作不可数名词。 错解分析：D选项迷惑性较大，许多同学会认为reality为抽象名词，不能用a。 解题方法与技巧：抽象名词或物质名词前或后加上表示性质类别的修饰词，指概念的“一种”“一类”“一次”等时，可用不定冠词，例如：Physics is a science. 答案：A 2.The police have_power to arrest bad people by_law. A.the；the B.a；a C.the；不填 D.不填；the 命题意图：考查学生对抽象名词具体化的理解，属于四星级题目。 知识依托：定冠词与抽象名词连用，特指双方都了解的人或事。 错解分析：许多学生会认为D正确，认为power是抽象名词，故不能用冠词。 解题方法与技巧：to arrest bad people是power的定语，故此处用the表示特指。 答案：C 锦囊妙计 1.不定冠词与抽象名词连用表示： 一种、一场或某个动作的一次、一番。例如：It was a war，have a look，have a try。 某一品质的具体行动。例如：Thank you，Tim.You have done me a kindness. 引起某种情绪的事。例如：Its a pleasure to work with you. Its a pity that you cant swim. 2.定冠词与抽象名词连用，特指某一时、某一次的行动或情绪，或说话的双方都了解的人或事。 3.注意：有些词组中，有没有冠词含义是不同的。试比较： 歼灭难点训练 1.()He is_（help）to me. 2.()Nowadays many young people get into_habit of smoking in_public and cant kick it. A.the；the B./；/ C./；the D.the；/ 3.()The news is spreading from mouth to mouth. Yes，its become_talk of_town. A.a；a B.the；/ C.the；the D.a；/ 4.()In face of_failure，it is the most important to keep up_good state of mind. A./；a B.a；/ C.the；/ D./；the 5.()Having received_training of the Ms.Company，he was offered_important position in management. A.the；an B.不填；an C.the；不填 D.a；a 6.()In_Sahara Desert，_rain was scarce，but in my hometown there is_heavy rain now and then，and the river around the town rises a lot after_. A.the；the；a；a heavy rain B.the；/；a；heavy rains C./；/；/；a heavy rain D.the；the；a；heavy rains 7.()The building was completed in_September of 1956 not in_October,1955. A./；the B.the；the C./；/ D.the；/难点30 时隐时现的介词介词是短文改错中的一大考点，而介词又是难掌握的一种词类。大多数介词都有多种用法，如介词at;不同的介词还可能有相似的用法如in the morning ,on Monday morning 等，而且介词的位置，介词和副词的区别，以及介词与连词的连用等都是学习中的难点也是高考中考查的热点。 难点磁场1.() Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. 83. _ (NMET 2002)2.() I wont be able to come in this time. 87. _ (2000春季)3.()We practise for three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.87. _ 4.() Newly-published novels are always in great demand, and some books, for example, books for history.88. _5.（） The wild beast took no notice of her and went into the bedroom which he fell asleep on the carpet.84. _ (2002年模拟题)案例探究1.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(NMET 2002)解析：此题为五星级题。去掉at。 the moment 在此相当于as soon as ,the instant, immediately。译为“一就”,为连词; at the moment 是介词短语，意思是“此时此刻”。e.g. At the moment I missed my teacher very much.He recognized me the moment the instant immediately as soon as he saw me.2.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (NMET 1998)解析：此题为四星级题。在ourselves前加of,此题意在考查instead 与instead of 的区别。instead 后加of ,译为“而不是”；instead 是副词，应放在句后译为“而是”。e.g.He is going to Shanghai instead of Beijing.He is not going to Beijing. He is going to Shanghai instead.3.but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.解析：此题为五星级题。去掉介词about。因为talk 为不及物动词，跟宾语应加介词。而此句talk 后没有宾语，together 是状语，所以about 应去掉；此题另一种改法也可在about 后加it。4.Most of the large cities in the world have grown without plans, which London is a such one. 解析：此题为五星级题。在which 之前加among. which 引导了非限制性定语从句，先行词为the largest cities,所以定语从句应为：London is a such one among most of the largest cities. 故应在which 之前加介词among。e.g. He bought a computer, for which he paid 5 000 yuan.In the distance there are a lot of students, one of whom is an old friend of mine.锦囊妙计考虑介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或不及物动词后缺介词；英语中的固定句型及固定搭配。歼灭难点训练1. He found a book especially useful during the period of waiting: waiting meals ,buses2. To my surprise ,I suddenly realize that the joy of living does not come from what we search in life but comes from what we put into life.3. One day one of his friends lost his wallet and asked for Mark Twain to buy a railway ticket for him.4. Now several months later. I still hadnt found the job that I was interested. 5. He serves for people heart and soul.6. Inside, he found an elderly lady in whose eyesight was failing.7. Later, he persuaded them to send him to Paris which he studied for five years.8. In most Asia, it is possible to bargain for a good price with small store owner.9. You will probably also have to pay for a tale tax.难点31 难以捉摸的冠词冠词是英语中的特有的词类。由于汉语中没有与之对应的词，学生对其用法感到难以掌握，所以高考英语在短文改错中对冠词的考查几乎年年都有。难点磁场1.（） Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.89. _(2000春季高考)2.（） Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.91. _ (NMET2000)3.（） When I was a child, the rain was a mystery. 90. _ (2001 春季高考) 4.（） We may be on family and live under a same roof.82. _ (NMET2001)5.（）As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.76. _(NMET 2002)案例探究1.Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team.解析：此题为五星级题。captain 前面加the。如chairman, captain, monitor ,manager这类表示职位的名词，前面一般为零冠词，但如果这类职务指的是某人，前面要用定冠词。 e.g. We elected him monitor. He is the monitor of our class.2.I was about to rush out of the train station when a well-dressed old man took me by my arm.解析：此题为四星级题。把my 改成the。take sb. by the hand arm 为固定搭配。在固定句型hit sb. in the face,strike sb. on the head ,take sb. by the arm等中，身体各部位前一定用定冠词the。3.Good health is persons most valuable possession.解析：此题为四星级题。在persons 前加a。person 是可数名词，又是第一次提到，单数前应加不定冠词。A person 一个人；people为复数名词，但Chinese is a kind and hard-working people. man 作人类（mankind）讲时，不加冠词；但加冠词后，就变成具体的某个人了。e.g. mans knowledge of things is developing.4.Modern people know more than about the health.解析：此题为五星级题。去掉the。health 是抽象名词，又是不可数名词，故不可用定冠词。抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时，前面通常不用冠词，但特指时，则须用定冠词；如果表示一个具体情况或动作或某一物质时，前面可用不定冠词。e.g. Sending another satellites is a bib success for China.Its a great joy to live with all my old classmates. What a heavy rain！5.Alexander Braborn Bell is considered to invented telephone in 1876.解析：此题为五星级题。telephone 前加the。在讨论科技问题时，定冠词常和单数可数名词连用。在表示发明物的单数名词前加the。e.g. The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.锦囊妙计不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；不定冠词a, an与定冠词的错误使用；固定搭配中的冠词错误等等为高考常见的考点。歼灭难点训练1.（）while sweeping the room, she saw little mouse running across her floor.2.（）We think it bridge to the friendship between us and the people throughout the outside the world.3.（）After I finished the school this year ,I began to look for work.4.（）Last summer I spent a two-week vacation at my aunts.5.（）With smile ,the teacher drew two circles.6.（）Bob was very fond of the music when he was a child.7.（）Michale was walking along the street other day.8.（）Besides my work at the office, only thing that interests me is listening to music.9.（）One piece of cloth was black, and other piece was white. 难点32 需要摆平的平行结构在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，摆平平行结构是高考短文改错中出现频率较高的考查形式。 难点磁场1.()As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.80. _（NMET 2002）2.()I remembered her words and calm down.93. _ （NMET 2000）3.()I will spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. 86. _ (2000春季)4.() Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.90. _5.（） Modern people know more about health, have better find and to live in cleaner surroundings.84._ 案例探究1.It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.(NMET I996) 解析：此题为五星级题。drove改成drive。 因为to meetand to drive 是平行结构，同时在句中作主语。drive 可以视为省略了to。e.g. It is difficult for him to speak English and communicate with others in English.2.To answer correctly is more important than finish quickly. 解析：此题为五星级题。在finish 前加to。to finish quickly 与to answer quickly 是不定式的平行结构。e.g. To say is easier than to do.3.In many ways, riding a bicycle is a similar to drive a car.解析：此题为四星级题。drive 改为driving,riding 与driving 为动名词的平行结构。4.Psychology today is interesting; informative and easily to read.解析：此题为五星级题。easily 改为easy.interesting ,informative and easy 为形容词的平行结构。e.g. We must solve this problem in a correct and friendly way.5.Not only do readers find the book useful, it also helped Jiang to learn more.解析：此题为五星级题。do 改为did。 因为not onlybut also 连接两个平行结构find 和help ,都为过去时态。not only 置与句首，应该倒装，借助于助动词did。锦囊妙计常考虑:1.动词与动词平行、形容词与形容词平行、分词与分词平行、不定式与不定式平行、短语与短语平行。2.平行结构经常借助于并列连词and, but, or或连词词组not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror,neithernor, as well as 等。歼灭难点训练1. The Indians of the Southwestern United States are famous for their beautiful art work, especially hand made jewelry cast in silver, carved out of stones, or decorate with beads and feathers.2.Go down to the shop and to buy a mouse-trap , but dont tell anyone what it is for!3.Shes famous not only in the United States but also on abroad.4. The full preparations if you make, the surer of success youll certainly be.5. A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that helps blind people walk along the streets and doing many other things.6. Day after day we see its light and feel its warm.7. He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather than to go into the forest and get lost.8. Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building.9. Michael and Jack went to the same school and then the same university. 10. In many countries people put notices in newspapers if they are trying to get information or finding a house and the rooms that they can live in 难点33 一致现象不可忽视难点磁场1.()Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. The three of them were very excited. 79. _ (NMET2002)2.()I used to love science classall of thembiology, chemistry, geography, physics.86. _(2001春季)3.()But then there is always more mysteries to look into.92. _ (NMET 2001春季)4.()Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 94. _ (NMET2000)5.()I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing92. _(NMET1999)案例探究1.Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. (NMET 2000春季)解析：此题为五星级题。考查时态一致。had 改为have。动词的时态要与上下文的时态保持一致。根据全文时态，此句为一般现在时，所以had 应为have。2.Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET 1999)解析：此题为五星级题。考查代词上下文指代一致。someone 改为everyone或everybody。 本文意思是：既然电视机卖了，全家每个人都没法看了，现在都改成读书了。根据代词指代内容要与指代的意义上一致的原则，这里指代的是家里的每一个人即：everyoneeverybody。3.A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that help blind people walk along the streets and doing many other things.解析：此题为五星级题。此题考查代词所指代的内容要与该先行词保持一致的原则。A special dog 是先行词，that 指代a special dog,在定语从句中作主语，所以help 应与先行词在数上保持一致。help改为helps。e.g. He is one of the students who have been to the Great Wall in his class.He is the only one of the students who has been to the Great Wall in his class.4.Dad, as well as Mom and I, are with you.解析：此题为四星级题。此题考查主谓一致原则。 as well as 连接两个主语，谓语动词应与前面的主语一致。are改为is。e.g. Tom as well as two of his students was invited to the party.The teacher as well as the students likes the paintings.as well as, together with, with, like, but ,except ,including 等介词短语连接两个主语，其保持一致原则是与其前的主语一致。5. Id like to your pen friend解析：此题为五星级题。考查谓语动词与主语主谓一致的原则。to 后加be。该句中like 是及物动词，意为“想要”。通常用would like to do 的形式，是一种比较委婉客气的说法。如：Id like to go there alone. 本题题意：我想做你的笔友。从结构上看，Id like to 后缺动词，从意义上判断应是be或become。所以，应在like 之后加上动词be或become。锦囊妙计短文改错中所涉及到的一致关系主要包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致。谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子主语保持一致；动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致；代词所指代的内容要与该先行词在词性和数方面保持一致，要与其自身的指代在意义上保持一致。歼灭难点训练1.（）The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 2.My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. 3.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. 4.Mr. and Mrs. Smith and her children were going to spend their holidays.5.How I hoped that I will go through the job-hunting talk today and he6. As soon as the train stopped, everybody came to life ,taking their bag and rushing into the platform.7. It is true that people of different age understand music differently and enjoy differently music .8.The familiar patterns of notes attracts me into the colourful world of music.9. Like most of grown-ups, she enjoys folk songs, because the peaceful music reminds her of their beautiful life when she was young.难点2 冠词的非前位用法限定语与所修饰的中心名词的关系一般顺序是：冠词+表示大小尺寸的限定词+表示颜色的限定词+表示原材料的限定词+中心名词。但在某些固定结构中，冠词放在了形容词之后。难点磁场1.()What about_book？ Its too difficult_book.A.a；a B.a
