GrammarThe use of “it”.doc

Grammar The use of “it” The third periodStep 1 Make up sentences, using It is no use/good doing sth 做没有用/不好It is fun doing sth 做很有趣1)_2)_3)_4)_Step2 Translate the following proverbs(谚语) with “It”It is never too old to learn. _ It is easier to fall than to rise _ 覆水难收。_ 不鸣则已, 一鸣惊人。 It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. _ It takes three generations (代) to make a gentleman._Step3 Read and analyze the sentences.1)It is Friday today.2)It was very cold last Monday. 3)It is about 8：30 now.4)It is about 25km from Longxian to Bazi.5)It lies in the south of Shaoguan city.6)It is 40C ! You got a high fever!Conclusion： it 能够用作非人称代词, 表示_,_, _, _, _, _等Read and analyze the sentences.7)It is obvious that the water was to blame.8)It is true that he will treat me for breakfast tomorrow.9)It is certain that our class will do a good job in the final exam.10)Is it possible that he will become the chairman of our country?11)It is amazing that at my age I still look like a student!牢记以下常用于该句型的形容词Itis clear/obvious/true/possible/certain/amazing/ridiculous等+ that从句.思考： 为什么要用it做形式主语而把真正主语放到后面去?Step4 The use of “it”一、 用作人称代词, 代表前面提到的人或事物1) Whos it? _ me.2) Look at the picture. _ is a picture of our school.二、用于代替指示代词this 和that。-Is this jacket yours? -Yes, _ is.三、 用以表示时间、距离、天气、气候、 季节、环境等1)It is half past eight now.2)Its only half an hours walk from here to our school.3) I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.4) It has rained much this year.5) Its spring now.6) Its quiet here.四、it 用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词, 而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。1. 代作主语的动词不定式 1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词： easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful，useless, dangerouse.g It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词： kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.e.g Its kind of you to help me with the problem.3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Its no good/use doingIts (well) worth doingIts (well) worth ones while doing/to doIts (well) worth while doing/ to doe.g Its no use crying over spilt milk.2. it作形式主语替代主语从句It is adj. + clause It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain ) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语, 真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句, 常译为“清楚(显然, 真的)”, 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。e.g. It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is v-ed that=sb./sth. is to do It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语, 真正主语是that 引导的主语从句; 该结构常译为“据说(据报道, 据悉)”。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is + noun + 从句 It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/ a fact /a surprise/. ) that . 该句型中, that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形), should可省去。表示出乎意料, 常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时, 则不用虚拟语气。如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上, 真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了, 真遗憾！五、it作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时, 往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语, 放在宾语补足语之前。 该句型中的it 作形式宾语, 常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。 I think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和他争吵没有用。I found it very interesting to study English. 我发现学英语非常有趣。He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。 六、用于强调句型中It + be+被强调部分 + that/who(a person)从句I met Tom in the park yesterday.1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2)强调宾语：3）强调地点状语：4）强调时间状语：It was five oclock _ I got home.It was at five oclock _ I got home.It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语, 译成汉语 “直到才”, 能够说是not . until . 的强调形式。如： It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.1) It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. (92)A. when, that B. until, when C. until, that D. when, then2) It was not until _ that _ to prepare his lessons. (91)A. did his father come in, the boy beganB. did his father come in, did the boy beginC. his father came in, did the boy beginD. his father came in, the boy began强调句用以强调主语, 宾语, 介词宾语以及状语。(强调人时用that和who/whom皆可)It was she who that had been wrong是她错了。 ( ) It was the girl whom that I met just now我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。 ( ) It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。 ( ) It was on Monday night that all this happened所有这个切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。( )七、it 常用的固定搭配 1. make it1) 在口语当中相当于succeed, 表示： 成功、做到、说定、赶上、即时到达 如： Its hard to make it to the top in show business.2) 在口语中相当于fix the date for, 表示“约定好时间” 如： Shall we meet next week?OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. take it/things easy 相当于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用来劝告别人, 表示“不要慌, 别担心, 沉住气”Take it easy！He will do it well.3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中, 相当于it hasnt been decided yet, 表示“那得看情况, 还没有定下来”Are you going to the countryside for holiday? It/That all depends.4. Its up to sb. 在口语中, 相当于its decided by sb. 表示“由决定, 由负责, 取决于” Shall we go out for dinner？ Its up to you.高考链接1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津2007) A. this B. that C. it D. these 2. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江2006)A. As B. That C. This D. It3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. (2005全国) A. it B. she C. which D. he4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东2006) A. that B. it C. this D. you5. It was _ he came back from Africa that year_ he met the girl he would like to marry. (江西2009)A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D.only, when6. It was along the Missippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of hid childhood(天津2008) A. how B. which C. that D. where改错1. You wont find difficult to get to the city center. (2004全国)2. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (2004湖北)3. This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.Exercises：1. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C.these D. them 2. In which play is _ your brother will appear? A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where3. _ the harder you work, the better result youll get. A. Its believed that B. What we believed that C. Its fact D. What the fact is4. Nothing can stop us, _? A. cant it B. can it C. cant we D. can we5. -Can you tell us how the war was won in the end ? - I dont know, _. A. Its hard to say B. It doesnt matter C. Its no use saying D. It depends on the work6. Does _ matter a lot whether she will come here by bus or by taxi? A. The thing B. that C. it D. her mother7. -Listen! Someone is unlocking the goods. -_ must be your father coming back from Beijing. A. It B. There C. That D. This8. -Have you written a letter to her ? -No, but Im going to write _ tonight. A. it B. that C. those D. one9. - Are they coming to the meeting? - _. A. I know so B. I am sure so C. I am sure of it D. I question it10. _ now pretty late, we took candles and went upstairs. A. Being B. For C. For being D. It being11. The teacher told the students _. A. why to learn English important B. why was it important to learn English C. why it important to learn English D. why it was important to learn English12. The TV sets made in China are much better than _ in Japan. A. that B. those C. them D. it13. Our food and service are better than _ used to be. A. It B. we C. they D. them14. -Im looking for a flat. -Would you like _ with _ garden? A. it; the B. it; a C. one; a D. one; the15. _ four years since I joined the Army. A. It was B. It is C. There is D. There wasTell the function of “it”：1. Its difficult to remember all their names.2. Its very quiet in the caf. 3. It rained for three days.4. He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me.5. It was nice to meet you. 6. It was on Tuesday that Smith came.7. Its three miles from here to the nearest garage.8. A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain Lawrie.9. I hear you bought a new bike. Can you show it to me? 10. It was five oclock when we got back home yesterday.11. It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept. 12. It was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared. 13. It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.Rewrite the following sentences, using “Its that”. 1. Im still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing. 2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful.3. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ( It is likely). 4. China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes. It is reported. 5. Bird flu (禽流感) hit China again. That is known to us.6. Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advertisement. People say that. 7. Some young people think that they look attractive when they smoke. It seems thatTranslation1. 是到戒烟的时候了。(quit)2. 让人惊讶的是在我这个年纪我依然 这么健康。(It is amazing that.)3. 一旦你吸烟上了瘾, 你会发现要把它戒掉很难。(addict. to;tough)4. 青少年要适合新的环境有点难。 (adolescent; accustom.to)【课堂小结【学习反思】