中考英语动词用法分类及相关练习.doc

动词一般现在时：表示现在的状态；表示经常性或习惯性的动作;表示主语具备的性格和能力等时间标志词：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever，every day句式构成：主语（非三单）+动词原形 否定：主语（非三单）+dont + 动词原形 主语（三单） +动词第三人称单数 否定：主语（三单）+doesnt + 动词原形一般疑问句：Do + 主语（非三单）+动词原形 ?Does + 主语（三单）+动词原形 ?动词第三人称单数的构成：1.直接加s looklooks readreads playplaysstopstops2.在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加es watchwatcheswashwashes gogoes do-does3.辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y为i，再加-escarry carries study studies cry cries4.特殊的have - has be-is现在进行时:表示说话瞬间正在发生的动作。时间标志词：now, Its+时刻，Where is sb? Look, Listen等祈使句句式结构:主语+ am/is/are + v-ing 动词-ing形式的构成:1.一般在动词原形后+ing， 2.以不发音的e结尾的，去e，+ing3.重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母+ing 4.tie、die、lie改ie为y+ing过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或另一动作发生时正在进行中的动作。时间标志词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then （= at that time）（那时，当时），all + 时间，“When/While/As”等副词从句，etc.句式结构:主语+ was/were+ v-ing 否定句:主语+ wasnt /werent+ v-ing 疑问句:Was/Were+主语+v-ing现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。时间标志词：since+过去时刻或一般过去时从句; for+一段时间; how long（疑问句中用来提问since/for短语的）句式结构:主语+have / has +been+ v-ing否定句:主语+havent/hasnt+been + v-ing 疑问句:Have/Has+主语+been+v-ing一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或出现的状态。时间标志词：yesterday ，yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)，last night (week, month, year)two days ago, a week ago, three years ago，in 1990, (in 1998)，just now等。句式结构：主语+v.过去式 否定：主语+didnt + 动词原形 疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形？动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种。规则动词:1.只要在动词词尾加上ed即可。具体方法是一般情况直接加，如：cleancleaned； 2.词尾是不发音字母e的，可只加上d，如：likeliked； 3.词尾为重读闭音节，结尾只有一个辅音字母的，应双写该辅音字母，再加上ed，如：stopstopped； 4.词尾为辅音字母加y的，应将y改为i再加上ed，如：study studied 5.不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记忆。一般将来时：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,以及计划、安排、打算要做的事。句式构成：1. 用现在进行时表一般将来时 常有“意图”，“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”的含义。所用动词多是转移动词，如come, go, leave等：2、be going to 结构1). 主语的意图，即将做某事。2）. 计划，安排要发生的事。3）. 有迹象要发生的事陈述句：主语+ am/is/are goingto+动词原形。疑问句: Am/Is/Are +主语+going to+动词原形？否定句：主语+ am not/isnt/arent going to +动词原形.3.助动词shall/will + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他 否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:Yes,主语+shall/will ./No,主语+shall/will+not 11缩写形式: ll =shall/willshant= shall notwont = will not 比较be going to 与will:1) 当说话人在做一个预测时, (他或她认为将来会发生或出现某种情况), will 和be going to都是可以用的.2) 表达一种事先计划或打算时( 说话人打算在将来做某事因为在过去他或她已制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事),只能用be going to.3) 表达意愿时, 只能用will.4).在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will一般将来时常见的标志词:1).含tomorrow; next短语;2).in+段时间;3).how soon;4). by+将来时间;5).祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 例Be quick, or you will be late=If you dont be quick, you will be late6).在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时现在完成时:1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来. 时间标志词：1.already（已经）, just（刚刚）, never（从未/从没有）, ever（曾经）, yet（仍然/还）, before（以前（句尾时） 2.since+点时刻或从句; for+段时间; how long（疑问句中用来提问since/for短语的）3.so far；till now；by now（到目前为止；迄今）4.recently近来，in the past/last+段时间 在过去的几年中5.once(一次)，twice,three(four) times句式构成:主语+have/has+v过去分词 否定:主语+havent/hasnt+v过去分词 疑问句:Have/Has+主语+ v过去分词动词的过去分词分为规则动词和不规则动词两种规则动词构成同过去式，.不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记忆动词的四种形式1.动词的原形(do) 2.动词第三人称单数(does)3.动词-ing形式 现在分词 （doing） 动名词4.动词的过去式(did) 5.动词的过去分词(done) 6.动词的不定式(to do)非谓语动词：动词的-ing 1.在进行时态中。如：1.He is watching TV in the room. 2.They were dancing at nine oclock last night. 2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball？What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?I am interested in playing football.5.在以下结构中(1)enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事(2)finish doing sth.完成做某事；(3)feel like doing sth 想要做某事；(4)stop doing sth停止做某事（原来的事）(5)forget doing sth忘记做过某事；（6）go on doing sth继续做某事（原来的事）；(7)remember doing sth记得做过某事；(8)like doing sth喜欢做某事(9)mind doing sth介意做某事(10)find/see/hear/watch sb doing sth 发现/看到/听到/观看某人做(11)practice doing sth练习做某事；(12)be busy doing sth忙于做某事；(13)cant help doing sth禁不住做某事;(14)keep doing sth始终/一直做(15)spend(in)doing sth.花做某事(16)have a good/wonderful/great time doing sth.=have fun doing sth.做某事很快乐(17)have a hard/difficult time doing sth.费力地做某事，做某事处于困难之中(18)make a living by doing sth.做某事来谋生(19) “do some +doing”短语 如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking(20) “go doing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎) 21.consider doing sth.考虑做某事6.动名词作主语常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结.固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配1.希望做某事hope to do sth.2.决定做某事decide to do sth.3.同意做某事agree to do sth.4.需要某人做某事need to do sth.5.使用某物做某事use sth to do sth 6.迫不及待做某事cant wait to do7.准备做某事get/be ready to do8.尽力/努力做某事9.try to do sth10.计划做某事plan to do sth.11.教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth12.轮流做某事take ones turns to do sth.13.拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.14.告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.15.请某人做某事ask /invite sb. to do sth.16.希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth17.想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth. 18.同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.19.不得不have to do20.喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.21.帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do22.鼓励某人做encourage sb to do Its time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了例句:Its time for me to go home.Its +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是（当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of）例句: It is easy for me to learn it well.It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. It takes sb. sometime to do sth.某人做某事花了某时间例句:1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太.而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word.find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well. 序数词+to do 第.个做某事 例句:Who is the first to get there? be+adj+to do sth例句:I am very sorry to hear that.I am ready to help others.I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.疑问词+to do sth I dont know what to do.顺口溜：本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法 let sb. do sth让某人做某事 make sb. do sth使得某人做某事 hear sb. sth do sth听见某人做某事 see sb. sth do sth看见某人做某事why not 或why dont you +动词原形？为什么不.?（表示建议）例:Why not/Why dont you take a walk?某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即dont /doesnt /didnt /will not /would not+ 动词原形be going to + 动词原形（表示“即将”“打算” 做某事）用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mother _ (watch) TV every evening.2.We_(talk) when the teacher came in.3.He _(go) to Beijing two days ago.4.He _(leave) Chengdu in two days.5.Look!The boy_(play) football on the playground.6.My uncle _(live) here for ten years.7.He often helps the old woman _ (carry) water.8.Would you like to make a contribution to _ (improve) our living conditions?9.Dont forget _(turn) off the lights before you go out.10.Please let the girls _(go) first.11.They had great fun _(play) football this afternoon.12.Do you enjoy _(watch) TV?13.Would you like _(have) a cup of tea?14.You can _(go) there tomorrow.15.Would you mind my _(open) the door?16.Please ask him _(speak) more loudly17.Ill go fishing if it _(be) fine tomorrow.18.He said his grandpa _(be) dead for ten years.19.Tell the children _(not play) in the street.20.Mr Zhu spent much time _(help) me with my English.21.Ill tell you as soon as he _- (come) back.22.Each of us _(want) to go to college.23.Thank you for _(help) me.24.The teacher told us the earth _(go) round the sun.25.My father is good at _(fish).26. A cow _ (eat) grass but gives milk.27.The teacher stopped_(talk) to us when we went into the office. 28.I saw her _(cook) when I got home.29.Look! A woman with two children _ (be) coming towards us.30.His family _ not big, but the family _ (be) interested in music.31.Two months _(be) quite a long time.32.He asked if Tom _(come) in two days33.One of our teachers _(be) a foreigner.34.The Greens _(have) been to the Great Wall twice.35.He is practicing _(speak) English with Mr. Green.36.This pair of glasses _ mine. The glasses on the table _ his (be).37.There _ an apple, a pear and some bananas on the table. (be)38._(read) in bed _(be)bad your eyes.39.Hello, Jim! I _ (not know) you we in Chengdu. I _ (tell) you were still in London.41. He left the room without _ (say) goodbye. 42. The room is dirty. I _ (clean) it in a minute.43. Mary _ (sing) three songs already. Let her have a rest. 44. It is late at night. Dad _ still _ (work) at the desk.45. Tell Robert to turn off the lights before he _ (go) out. 46. He put on his clothes and _ (hurry) to school without breakfast.47. He _ (fall) and _(hit) his leg on a table that day. 48. She _ _ (be) there twice already.49. What time _ Jim _ (get) up every day. 50. Look! Tom _ (mend) the car over there.51.You _ _ (not sweep) the floor yesterday.52._ (hold) on a minute, please! I _ (look) for a piece of paper now.53.If you _ (speak) too loudly in public places, other people _ (not be) pleased.54.“The light in the classroom _ (be) on.”“Oh, sorry, I forgot _ (turn) it off.”55.“How about _ (take) a short rest?”“Sorry, I feel like _ (watch) TV after supper.”56._ (not worry). Hell come back soon. 57._ February usually _ (have) 28 days?58._ you _ (wait) for a bus now? 59.We _ (not go) climbing the hills if it rains tomorrow.60.The best time _ (plant) trees is in spring.61.Satellites are used for _ (learn) more about the earth.62.He finishes _ (wash) at eight oclock in the evening.63.Youve worked for 4 hours. Please stop _ (have) a rest.64.She often makes us _ (do) a lot of homework after school.65.Mother always tell me _ (not read) in bed.66.They asked the headmaster _ (speak) at the meeting.67._ (smoke) too much is bad for your health.68. Tom made the baby_ (laugh) .69. Thank you for _ (come) to see me.70.I had a hard time_(study) English last term.选择填空( )1.Must I turn off the light now?-No, you _A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant( )2.Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east. A. rose B. rises C. is rising( )3.He _ back in a month.A. will come B. come C. came( )4.I _ him before.A. met B. had met C. have met( )5.The teacher _ to Japan this year. Shes now telling her pupils about it.A. went B. has been C. has gone( )6.It _ hard when I got home yesterday.A. rained B. is raining C. was raining( )7.Why not _ again?A. to try B. try C. trying( )8.He has finished _ the letter.A. writing B. to write C. wrote( )9.It _ every night.A. happens B. is happened C. happened( )10.The policeman told the children _ in the street.A. not play B. not to play C. dont play( )11.The box is too heavy for me _.A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying it( )12.Stop _and listen to the teacher.A. to read B. read C. reading( )13.He is still looking for a house _.A. to live B. to live in C. to live in it( )14.I heard her _ when I passed her room just now. A. sing B. singing C. to sing( )15.May I go with you ?-No, you _.A. may not B. can not C. mustnt( )16.There are some _ in the river.A. air B. fish C. water.( )17.Sheep _ white and milk _white, too.A. is ; is B. is ; are C. are ; is( )18.The class _ going to see a film this afternoon.A. am B. is C. are( )19.That pair of skates_ under the bed.A. are B. is C. was( )20.Three years _ quite a long time.A. is B. are C. were( )21.The clothes are mine. Yours _ under the bed.A. is B. are C. were( )22.There _ a lot of news in todays newspaper.A. is B. are C. were( )23.-Can you answer this question in English? No, I _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. cant( )24. The teacher wanted us _ Exercise 1, but you let me _ Exercise 2. A.to do, do B. to do, to do C. do, to do D. do, do ( )25. Miss Green saw a wallet _on the ground when she walked past the school gate. A. lie B. lying C. lies D. to lie ( )26.What have you done _ the milk? Ive just _ it. A. with, eaten B.for, eaten C. with, drunk D. for, drunk ( )27.The radio _ it will get warmer later.A. says B. speaks C.talks D. tells( )28. You must be very tired. Why not _ a rest?A. stop having B.stop to have C.to stop having D. to stop to have ( )29. Li Ping is young, but he _ many places of interest in South China.A.went to B. has been in C.has gone to D. has been to ( )30. Mother told me _ in the sun.A. not read B. dont read C. read not D. not to read ( )31.Do you often see her _ volleyball on the playground?A. play B. played C. plays D. to play ( )32.Alice didnt hear what the teacher said just now