2017新目标人教版八年级英语上册形容词比较级最高级规则.docx

一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1.一般单音节词和少数以-er ， -ow 结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加 -er ，最高级在后面加-est;(1)单音节词如:small smaller smallestshortshortershortesttalltallertallest(2)双音节词如:clever cleverer cleverestgreat greater greatestnarrownarrowernarrowest2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加 -st;如:large larger largestnice nicer nicestbrave braver bravest3 .在重读闭音节（即:辅音 +元音 +辅音 ）中， 先双写末尾的辅音字母， 比较级加-er ，最高级加-est;如：big bigger biggesthothotter hottestfatfatter fattestwet wetterwettest4 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加 -est;如:eas尸 easier easiestheavy heavier heaviestbus尸 busier busiesthappy happierhappiest5.其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加 most;如:beautifulmore beautiful most beautifuldifferent more differentmost differenteasily- more easily- most easily6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如:goodbetterbestwellbetterbestbadworseworstillworseworstoldolder/elder oldest/eldestmany/much moremost little lesa leastfar further/farther furthest/farthest注意 :(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the ，副词最高级前可不用。例句 : The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2) 形容词 most 前面没有 the ， 不表示最高级的含义， 只表示 "非常 "It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1. “A + be理容词比较级 + than + B意思为"A比B更”。如 :This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。注意 : 在含有连词 than 的比较级中， 前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴即 同类事物之间的比较。 be+.year(s) older thanI am two years older than him2. “ 比较级+ and + 比较级 ”或“ more and more +原级 ”表示“越来越”如 :It is getting warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。The wind becomes heavier and heavier.风变得越来越大。Our town is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3. 在含有or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者 供选择， 前面的形容词 要用 比较级形式。如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom?谁更高，Tim 还是 Tom?4. “the +比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner， the better.越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法 : .A is times the size /height/length/width of B .如 :The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。（新楼是旧楼的四倍高） .A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如 :Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。 （亚洲比欧洲大三倍） .A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B .如 :Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6 .形容词、副词的最高级 形式主要用来表示 三者 或 三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。如Of the three, he is the most hard-working.He is the tallest in our class.7 ."否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ soas"结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8 . 比较级与最高级的转换:比较级+than+any other+单数名词Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7.修饰比较级和最高级的词1）可修饰比较级的词a bit, a little, much, a lot, even注意 : 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2）下列词可修饰最高级：by far（非常，远远超过，远比）,far, much, mostly, almost。This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.、二注意 :a. very 可修饰最高级，用于形容词最高级前，以加强语气（完全地，真正地 ）This is the very best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.8 .要避免重复使用比较级。（错） He is more cleverer than his brother.（对） He is more clever than his brother.（对） He is cleverer than his brother.9 .要避免将主语含在比较对象中。（错 ） China is larger that any country in Asia.（对 ） China is larger than anyother country in Asia.10 .要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11 .要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较 :Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.