材料科学基础专业词汇.doc

材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构 原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu) 原子数Atomic number 原子量Atomic weight 波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model 键能Bonding energy 库仑力Coulombic force 共价键Covalent bond 分子的构型 molecular configuration 电子构型electronic configuration 负电的Electronegative 正电的Electropositive 基态Ground state 氢键Hydrogen bond 离子键Ionic bond 同位素Isotope 金属键Metallic bond 摩尔Mole 分子Molecule 泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表Periodic table 原子atom 分子molecule 分子量molecule weight 量子数quantum number 价电子valence electron 极性分子 Polar molecule 范德华键van der waals bond 电子轨道electron orbitals 点群point group 对称要素symmetry elements 各向异性anisotropy 原子堆积因数atomic packing factor(APF)体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC) 布拉格定律braggs law 配位数coordination number 晶体结构crystal structure 晶系crystal system 晶体的crystalline 衍射diffraction 中子衍射neutron diffraction 电子衍射electron diffraction 晶界grain boundary 六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed (HCP) 林规则Paulings rules NaCl鲍型结构NaCl-type structure CsCl闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure 型结构Caesium Chloride structure 金红石型结构Rutile structure 纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure 尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure 萤石型结构Fluorite structure硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates 岛状结构Island structure 层状结构Layer structure 钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure 链状结构Chain structure 架状结构Framework structure 滑石talc 叶蜡石pyrophyllite 高岭石kaolinite 石英quartz 长石feldspar 美橄榄石forsterite 各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy 晶格lattice 晶格参数lattice parameters 密勒指数miller indices 非结晶的noncrystalline 多晶的polycrystalline 多晶形polymorphism 单晶single crystal 晶胞unit cell 电位electron states(化合)价valence 电子electrons 共价键covalent bonding金属键metallic bonding 离子键Ionic bonding 极性分子polar molecules 衍射角diffraction angle 原子面密度atomic planar density 合金alloy 粒度,晶粒大小grain size 显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph 透射电子显微镜transmission electron microscope (TEM) 重量百分数weight percent 扫描电子显微镜scanning electron microscope (SEM) 四方的tetragonal 单斜的monoclinic 配位数coordination number 材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defect, imperfection 点缺陷point defect 线缺陷line defect, dislocation 面缺陷interface defect 体缺陷volume defect 位错排列dislocation arrangement 位错线dislocation line 刃位错edge dislocation 螺位错screw dislocation 混合位错mixed dislocation 晶界grain boundaries 大角度晶界high-angle grain boundaries 小角度晶界tilt boundary, 孪晶界twin boundaries 位错气团dislocation atmosphere 位错阵列dislocation array 位错轴dislocation axis 位错胞dislocation cell 位错爬移dislocation climb 位错聚结dislocation coalescence 位错滑移dislocation slip 位错核心能量dislocation core energy 位错阻尼dislocation damping 位错密度dislocation density 位错裂纹dislocation crack 原子错位substitution of a wrong atom 间隙原子interstitial atom 晶格空位vacant lattice sites 间隙位置interstitial sites 杂质impurities 弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder 错位原子misplaced atoms 肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder 主晶相the host lattice 缔合中心Associated Centers. 自由电子Free Electrons 电子空穴Electron Holes 伯格斯矢量Burgers 克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom 材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体固溶体solid solution 固溶度solid solubility 化合物compound 间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution 置换固溶体substitutional solid solution 金属间化合物intermetallics 不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution 转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution 有序固溶体ordered solid solution 无序固溶体disordered solid solution 取代型固溶体Substitutional solid solutions 过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution 固溶强化solid solution strengthening 非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometric compound 材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构熔体结构structure of melt过冷液体supercooling melt 玻璃态vitreous state 软化温度softening temperature 粘度viscosity 表面张力Surface tension 介稳态过渡相metastable phase 组织constitution 淬火quenching 退火的softened 玻璃分相phase separation in glasses 体积收缩volume shrinkage 材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面表面surface 界面interface 异相界面heterophase boundary晶界grain boundary 同相界面homophase boundary 表面能surface energy 小角度晶界low angle grain boundary大角度晶界high angle grain boundary 共格孪晶界coherent twin boundary 晶界迁移grain boundary migration 错配度mismatch 驰豫relaxation 重构reconstuction 表面吸附surface adsorption 表面能surface energy 倾转晶界titlt grain boundary 扭转晶界twist grain boundary 倒易密度reciprocal density共格界面coherent boundary 半共格界面semi-coherent boundary 非共格界面noncoherent boundary 界面能interfacial free energy 应变能strain energy 晶体学取向关系crystallographic orientation 惯习面habit plane 材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图相图phase diagrams 相phase 组分component 组元compoonent 投影图Projection drawing 相律Phase rule 浓度三角形Concentration triangle 冷却曲线Cooling curve 成分composition 自由度freedom 相平衡phase equilibrium 化学势chemical potential 热力学thermodynamics 相律phase rule 吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule 自由能free energy吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing吉布斯函数Gibbs function 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 热力学函数thermodynamics function 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy 热分析thermal analysis 过冷度degree of supercooling 杠杆定律lever rule 过冷supercooling 相界phase boundary 相界线phase boundary line 相界交联phase boundary crosslinking 共轭线 conjugate lines 相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking 相界反应phase boundary reaction 相变phase change 相组成phase composition 共格相phase-coherent 金相相组织phase constentuent 相衬phase contrast 相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope 相衬显微术phase contrast microscopy 相分布phase distribution 相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant 相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram 相变滞后phase transition lag 相分离phase segregation 相序phase order 相稳定性phase stability 相态phase state 相稳定区phase stabile range 相变温度phase transition temperature 相变压力phase transition pressure 同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation 同素异晶转变allotropic transformation 相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions 显微结构microstructures 低共熔体eutectoid 不混溶性immiscibility 材料科学基础专业词汇:第六章扩散活化能activation energy 扩散通量 diffusion flux 浓度梯度concentration gradient 菲克第一定律Ficks first law菲克第二定律Ficks second law 相关因子correlation factor 稳态扩散steady state diffusion 非稳态扩散nonsteady-state diffusion 扩散系数diffusion coefficient 跳动几率jump frequency 填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism 晶界扩散grain boundary diffusion 短路扩散short-circuit diffusion 上坡扩散uphill diffusion 下坡扩散Downhill diffusion互扩散系数Mutual diffusion 渗碳剂carburizing 浓度梯度concentration gradient 浓度分布曲线concentration profile 扩散流量diffusion flux 驱动力driving force 间隙扩散interstitial diffusion 自扩散self-diffusion 表面扩散surface diffusion空位扩散vacancy diffusion 扩散偶diffusion couple 扩散方程diffusion equation 扩散机理diffusion mechanism 扩散特性diffusion property 无规行走Random walk 达肯方程Dark equation 柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation 本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermal defect 本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusion coefficient 离子电导率Ion-conductivity 空位机制Vacancy concentration 材料科学基础专业词汇:第七章相变过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling 晶核nucleus 形核nucleation 形核功nucleation energy 晶体长大crystal growth 均匀形核homogeneous nucleation 非均匀形核heterogeneous nucleation 形核率nucleation rate 长大速率growth rate 奥氏体austenite 热力学函数thermodynamics function 临界晶核critical nucleus 临界晶核半径 critical nucleus radius 枝晶偏析 dendritic segregation 平衡分配系数equilibrium distributioncoefficient 引领（领先）相leading phase 局部平衡localized equilibrium 有效分配系数effective distribution coefficient 成分过冷constitutional supercooling 共晶组织eutectic structure 层状共晶体 lamellar eutectic伪共晶pseudoeutectic 离异共晶divorsed eutectic 表面等轴晶区chill zone 柱状晶区columnar zone 中心等轴晶区equiaxed crystal zone 定向凝固unidirectional solidification 急冷技术splatcooling 区域提纯zone refining 单晶提拉法Czochralski method 晶界形核boundary nucleation 位错形核dislocation nucleation 晶核长大nuclei growth 斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition 有序无序转变disordered-order transition 马氏体相变martensite phase transformation 马氏体martensite 均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment 材料科学基础专业词汇:第八、九章固相反应和烧结 固相反应solid state reaction 烧结sintering 固溶处理solution heat treatment烧成fire 合金alloy再结晶Recrystallization 共晶反应eutectic reaction 二次再结晶Secondary recrystallization 成核nucleation 铁碳合金iron-carbon alloy 结晶crystallization 子晶，雏晶matted crystal 铁素体ferrite耔晶取向seed orientation 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation 渗碳体cementite