中考英语专项复习：完形填空.ppt

Skills of Cloze Tests,完形填空解题技巧,1.Mr Black is a doctor, he works in the _.,hospital,night,no / little,pass,but,Challenge Yourself,2.A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the_. 3.He is rather busy, so he has _time to have lunch at home. 4.We have an English test this term, its very easy, most students can _this test. 5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday, they were very tired _happy.,完 型 填 空的考查方向,完形填空主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力，要求学生从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，综合运用所学习的语言知识。完形填空主要考查对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力;对于词汇的意义和用法的理解和运用能力;根据生活常识进行推理和判断能力;对于习惯用语和短语的固定搭配掌握能力。,完型填空的题型,1. 词汇题，可能是近义词的用法辨析或者是动词、名词、形容词、副词等词义和用法等，学生通过对上下文内容可以较容易地找出答案。,2.常见固定搭配和习惯用法题，一般涉及到动词短语、介词短语等的搭配和用法。,3. 逻辑分析题，必须在掌握全文的主旨大意的前提下，通过对故事的线索、短文各段的逻辑关系、短文内容之间的逻辑关系及人物情感的发展等的分析和理解，选出答案。中考完形填空综合了语法知识、阅读理解和逻辑推理等方面的知识点，更加注重语言知识的应用性，突出了对运用语言的能力的考查。,1. 通读全文，了解大意 这是做好完形填空题的前提，也是减少做完形填空题盲目性的重要步骤，对于解析命题中的逻辑推理、上下文及情景语境方面的内容起着决定性作用。每篇文章都有一个主题思想，段与段之间有承上启下、前呼后应的句子，段与段、句与句之间紧密相连从而形成一个有机整体。因此在做完形填空的时候一定要一气呵成去读短文，不要中断思路，对于一些不能理解的细节，如生词可以跳过去。另外，在阅读的时候要特别注意短文的开头句子和结尾的句子，因为这些句子一般不设计空白，给学生提供必要的背景信息和结果结论。,做完形填空的三步骤,2. 仔细推敲，初定答案 在通读全文，了解大意的基础上开始答题。答题时要根据短文的内容和要求，结合短文的主题思想，对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。要弄清空缺词句的确切含义，并对每一个空白的四个选项进行认真分析，反复推敲。空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，还要综合运用学过的知识，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化及逻辑推理和生活常识等角度考虑，有把握的答案一锤定音，把握性不大的可以先初定答案，做好符号，以便于下一步检查和推敲。,3. 再次通读全文，锁定最佳答案 在完成前两个步骤的基础上，再检查是确信自己所选择的答案准确性的一次检阅。实际上是对短文和答案的又一次快速浏览。本次阅读的目的是调整、修改和完善自己做题的过程。因为在原来紧张的答题过程中，会有一些我们无法确定或者粗心造成的错误，在这次重新阅读中被发现、被修改。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。最后一次阅读全文也是检查所选择的答案是否能够保证短文的意思完整、语义合理、语法正确的关键步骤。 注意：验证答案、修正错误时着重注意：(1)文章是否顺畅;(2)所填单词是否是最佳选项;(3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。,完形填空做题技巧,Skill 1：（上下文、语境即总体把握）,Because her English wasn t good, she was afraid to ask the ways. So she usually 58 find the places in America.【2012成都】 58. A. can B. could C. couldnt,通读完形填空的短文时，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。选择答案时要从全文主旨大意和短文情景出发，不能只根据某一句子来选择，因为有时如果不考虑上下文时，四个选项都可以填入空中。例如下面“实例说明”中： The dog saw the 5 in the rubbish pit and knew they were its 6 . 5. A. shoes B. cats C. books 6. A. fathers B. friends C. masters,Skill 1：（上下文、语境即总体把握）,When many people from other countries come to America for the first time, they meet many difficulties. . There 64 many other things about America, and the people from other 65 can t understand those things when they come to America for the first time. They need to learn more.【2012成都】65. A. countries B. families C. banks,考场再现,Most elephants are gray. Only a few are 51_. Its difficult to see a white elephant.【2013成都】 51. A. gray B. white C. red,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,When he grew 63 and knew more English, he finally put the money into an American bank successfully (成功地).【2012成都】63. A. thinner B. older C. heavier,【考场再现】,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 17 ，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）,17. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head,【2009 苏州】,sound,deaf,When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking,48. A. for B. of C. with D. to,【2009 兰州】,pay attention,to,Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）,Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）,In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea 48 that man.,48. A. with B. to C. as D. of,【2009 泰安】,the same,as,Skill 4：grammar analysis（语法分析）,As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think Ill also make many good 25 and live with them, because I dont like living alone.,25. A. friend B. friends C. friends D. friends,【2009 泸州】,many,s,Skill 5：background knowledge（背景知识）,All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.,32. A. all B. none C. some D. both,【2009 东营】,1、context（上下文、语境）,3、regular collocation（固定搭配）,2、logic（逻辑）,Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧),4、grammar analysis（语法分析）,5、background knowledge（背景知识）,Step 1：Read-though（跳过空格、通读全文、掌握大意）,Which is the main idea of the passage?,Its about the rubbish out of the windows that may hurt others. Its about the dogs that the owners dont take good care of. Its about the problems in our community and how to solve them.,Step 2：Easy first, hard later （瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破）,B,A,C,B,Today, I am very happy to have a meeting with you. At the meeting we will talk about the _31_we have these days. We all know the problems of _32_ and the objects falling from windows are getting worse. We have _33_ lots of letters about such problems. So_34_ is time for possible ways to work out these problems.,problems,letters,Some dog-owners dont_35_ their dogs well enough, and they let their dogs make mess on the roads and in gardens. This makes the environment _36_. I would like to tell the dog-owners _37_ their behavior is too bad, and at the same time they are_38_ people feel unhappy. We should keep the environment _39_.,D,B,D,A,A,It is reported that some people_40_ rubbish out of the windows. It is dangerous because falling objects _41_hurt others. It is against the law. We should put up a notice to teach people not to do so. If it is found, we will record the_42_ and address of those people who throw objects. Then, a warning will be given and_43_ will be punished by law.,C,A,D,C,A safe and comfortable living environment is important to us. _44_ we try our best to care for our community, it will be a good place to_45_ in. Thank you for your coming.,A,B,Step 2：Easy first, hard later （瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破）,Step 3: Re-read and check（复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案）,Steps of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题步骤),1、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意,3、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案,2、瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破,Step 1：Read-though（跳过空格、通读全文、掌握大意）,Step 2：Easy first, hard later （瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破）,Step 3: Re-read and check（复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案）,【2009宁波】,Tips to Close Test:,1注重首、尾句。 2克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。 3切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答 案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。 4动笔时先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或 类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。 5如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从 语篇(前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。,Have a try! 【2009福州】,Have a try! 【2009福州】,Have a try! 【2009福州】,Homework: 【2009北京】,【2009北京】,更多内容请关注奇速英语微信公众号：qisuen 获取更多英语资料。,