现在完成时被动语态[共21页].ppt
The Present Perfect Passive Voice现在完成时的被动语态,Grammar,现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态。过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。,1. 复习时态（主动）,二句型：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否定),He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。,He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）,.,现在完成时的被动语态一、概念现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“已经被”。如： （动作的承受者）The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。,二、形式(1)肯定式为：have/ has +been +done。如：The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。(2)否定式为：have/ has +not +been +done。如：Toms novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。(3)一般疑问句需将have /has提到主语的前面。如：Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗?(4)特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have /has +been +done? 如：Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请?,需要注意的问题：1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如： The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建。（The Temple of Zhang）,2.表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。 如: The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。（我或别人现在进不去）,3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于Howlong？句型中。如： (1) Howlonghasthemachinebeenused？这机器使用有多久了？(2)He has been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。 （可能还会有人告诉他）,1. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, take part in , cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。(字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。) 误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.,2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如： 误 The door has been opened of itself. 正 The door has opened of itself.,2. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词 或副词。如： The SARS patients have been taken good care of.,2.一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等 构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与 表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达 相应的意思， 则需改换动词或时态。,如：My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.我哥哥的自行车差不多买了四年了。 How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?这本书买了多久了？,(1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。,被动语态的用法:,(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。 如: The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。,Exercises,1.Both my brother work at the power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up,2._ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told,3. All the preparation for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done,4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed,6. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has,7. -Did you move into the new house? - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted,8. Great changes_ in my hometown and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place; will set up,
