高一英语《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹（含习题） 名词性从句.doc

新概念英语第二册语法精粹八、名词性从句知识要点：1、熟悉并掌握各个连接词、关系代词和连接副词的用法。2、熟悉并掌握复合句即名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句。什么叫复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。主从复合句（Complex Sentences）一、从句的种类：主语从句（Subject Clauses）1、名词性从句表语从句（Predicative Clauses）Noun Clauses宾语从句（Object Clauses）同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）2、定语从句（Attributive Clauses）3、状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）注：以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：（1）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（2）It + be + 名词词组 + that从句（3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句（4）It seem, happen等不及物动词 + that从句二、常用的关联词1、从属连词 that（无词义）；whether是否；if假如，是否 although(though)虽然；because因为 when当时候；before在前；after在后 since既然，自从；as正如，尽管，一边，由于；while在期间 as soon as一就；as long as只要；as if好像2、连接代词 who, whom, which, what, whose3、连接副词 when, where, why, how4、关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that5、关系副词 when, where, why1、主语从句：种类关联词例 句说 明连that That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。 that在句首不可省去词whether Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。主语连接代词whowhatwhichwhatever What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般从句连接副词whenwherewhyhow It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。2、宾语从句：种类关联词例 句说 明陈述意义that I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。宾疑问意义ifwhether I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I dont know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。 He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day. 他不在乎天气是否好。 whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。 作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。从句是否定句时一般用if引导。语特殊疑问意义who, whom,which,whose,what, when,where, why,how,whoever,whatever, whichever Please tell me what you want. 请告诉我你需要什么？ She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。从注1 We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。句注2 We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移动主句中。3、表语从句：种类关联词例 句说 明表连词thatwhetheras if The problem is(that) they cant get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。 It looks as if its going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。 在非正式的文体中that可以省去。语从连接代词whowhatwhich Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。 表语从句位于主句系动词之后句连接副词whenwherewhyhow This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。4、同位语从句：种类关联词例 句说 明同位语从句 由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。 The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、 whom、 what 、whether及 when、 where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：1、主词从句：That light travels in straight line is known to all .(That 引导主语从句不可省)When the plan is to take off hasnt been announced 主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是becauseThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America 4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong( 同位idea在从句中无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）。The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong (定语从句，idea做put forward 的宾语)。【专项训练】 1I wonder how much Acost these shoes Bdo these shoes cost Cthese shoes costDare these shoes cost2Nobody knew Awhere he comes Bwhere he was from Cwhere he is from Dwhere does he come from 3Excuse me ,would you please tell me Awhen the sports meet will be taken place Bwhen was the sports meet going to be heldCwhen is the sports meet to begin Dwhen the sports meet is to take place 4Cornputers can only give cut has been stored in them .Athat Bwhich Cwhat Danything5She wanted to know Awhether I knew her and where did she work Bif I knew her and the factory she worked there Cwherther I knew her and the factory she worked Dif I knew her and the factory where she worked 6My friend wouldnt tell me his new car Ahow much he paid for Bhow much did he pay Che paid how much for Ddid he pay how much7A simple experiment shows air has some strength Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwho8He you are not going abroadAsurprised that Bis surprised that Csurprised at Dis surprised whether9Father asked Awhat was wrong with me Bwhats wrong with me Cwhat wrong was with me Dwhat wrong is with me 10It doesnt matter I rest or not Aif Bwhether CthatDwhen11The trouble is we are short of tools Awhat Bthat Chow Dwhy that12That is there appears a rainbow in the sky AwhatBwhen Cwhy Dhowever13 I cant understand is he wants to change his mindAThat , that BWhich , what CWhat , whatDWhat, why14It is possible he misunderstood I said Athat ,that Bwhat, what Cwhat , that Dthat , what15The thought he might fail in the exam worried him Awhich Bthat Cwhen D/16The fact he is an orphan is well knownAwhaBthat CwhichD/17 I was free that evening AIt happened to BIt happened that CThat happened DIt was happened that 18 I will accept the gift is none of your businessAIf BWhether CWhat DWhich 19 I have will be yours sooner or later ANo matter whatBNo matter whatever CWhatever DThat 20He always thinks he can do more for the peopleAof how Bhow Cof that Dwhy 21 in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday AIt says BIt is said CIt has said DHe is said22We think it important college students should master at least one foreign language Awhich Bthat CwhatDwhether23Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in BritainAwhatBall what CthatDwhich24The town is no longer it was ten years agoAwhich Bthat CwhatDwhen25 told yuou that was lying AwhoBwhoever CAnyone DThe person26Word came I was wanted at the officeAwhich Bwhy CthatDwhether27 nothing to do with us AWhat he did is BWhat he has done CWhat did he do DWhat he has done has 28The problem is will go Athat Bthat who Cwho Dwhoever29 there is life on another planet is almost impossibleAHow BThat CWhy DWhether30 was a well -known factAThat their team was weakBThat their team being weakCTheir team was weakDIf their team was weak【答案】：1 C2 B3 D4 C5 D6 A7 B8 B9 A10 B11 B12 C13 D14 D15 B16 B17 B18 B19C20 A21 B22 B23 A24 C25 B26C27 D28 C29 B30 A