动词的过去式及过去分词.doc

动词的过去式及过去分词.不规则动词过去式和过去分词A. 原型，过去式， 和 过去分词 完全不同drink-drank - drunkring - rang - rungswim - swam - swumsing - sang - sungsink -sank - sunkblow -blew - blowngrow - grew - grownknow-knew-knownfly - flew - flowntake - took - takenshake -shook - shakendrive - drove- drivenwrite-wrote-writtenrise-rose-risenride- rode - riddenspeak- spoke - spokensteal - stole - stolen break broke - broken wake - woke - wokenfreeze - froze frozenforget forgot - forgotten choose chose - chosendraw - drew - drawn eat - ate - eatenfall- fell -fallen give gave - given hide hid hiddensee- saw seendo - did -doneB. 过去式与过去分词完全相同bright - brought broughtthink - thought - thoughtfight - fought - fought buy - bought - boughtcatch - caught - caught say - said - said pay - paid - paid spend - spent - spent burn - burnt - burnt feel - felt - felt smell - smelt - smelt leave - left - left build - built - built meet - met - metsell - sold - soldsend - sent - sentlearn - learnt - learntsleep - sleptsleptlose - lost - losttell - told - toldlend - lent - lentmean - meant - meantsweep-slept - sleptget - got - gotsit - sat - sat shoot - shot shot lead - led - led spit - spat spathave - had - had hold held held make made - madestand - stood-stoodhear heard - heard find - found - found dig - dug - dugshine - shone shoneunderstand - understood - understood win - won - wonC. 原型与过去分词相同come - came - come run - ran run become - became - becomeD. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同0)一 -nd >luepro 6ues peuumpP一 P0)一 -nd du一p ro (sell)>ell 6U_SMep (sop) opc殳 o6 Lueo Luoo 殳 e se/v GVJUe) eq。濫鋼 P&lP&lAe 一 呈絲銀 p 6U£ ! p 6U£栏屮 CFR CK 需 u&-Ae-2 -握密 PQ-PQ-Q-轄-Dp6unll 6unll 6uei|-nils -nils -nils七一| i lzI 七一|0)s I!05S05S0)- 0)-05二 nd I! -nd -nd -no I! -no -no -Seo 丄 Seo I! -Seoreadreadcancouldseesawmeetmetgetgotforgetforgottaketookcancouldmaymightshallshouldwillwouldknowknewbegi nbega nbendbentbuildbuiltspe ndspe ntmea nmeantlear nlear nt lear nedbuyboughtthinkthoughtteachtaughtcatchcaughtsleepsweepkeepspeakridefeelleavegiverunringsitswimsaysta ndtellthrowwinwrite二.不规则动词的过去式的构成1把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式begin began , drink drank , give -sleptsweptkeptspokerodefeltleftgaveranrangsatswamsaidstoodtoldthrewwonwrote如：gave， ring rang， sing sang，sitsat, swim swam2. 把重读开音节中的 i 改为 o, 变成过去式。如drive drove ， ride rode ， write wrote3. 改动词原形中的 aw /ow 为 ew, 变成过去式。如：draw drew， grow grew ， know knew ，throw threw （动词 show 除外 , show showed ）4. 动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如：getgot， forget forgot5. 动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如：feedfed, meet met6. 动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keep kept, sleep slept, sweep swept7. 动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：break broke , speak spoke8动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold， telltold9. 动词原形中的 an 改为 oo, 变成过去式。如 :stand stood ， understand understood10. 以ought和aught结尾，且读音是：t的过去式。如： bring brought , buy bought, think thought , catch caught , teach taught11. 以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould, shall should, will would12. 把动词原形中的 o 改为 a, 变成过去式。如 ：come came, become became13. 在动词原形后加 d 或 t 变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhi heard h ： d , sayseisaid sed , mean mi ： n meant ment14. 动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet, must must, putput, readread red 15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如： am， iswas， arewere ， build built ， do did， eatate， fall fell ， feelfelt， find found ， fly flew ， gowent， have has had， hold held ， leaveleft ， makemade， may might ， run ran ， see saw ， take took三 .不规则动词过去式和过去分词巧记方法动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点，而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点， 但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规 律 可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。（ 一）、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如：cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shutshut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread特殊：动词 read 的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致， read-read-read 但发音分别是 ri:d-red-red 。（二）、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如： come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run,overcome-overcame-overcome（ 三）、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如：1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如： lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如：sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held3. 以 eep 结尾的动词，把 eep 改为 ept 。如：keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept4. 过去式和过去分词都以 augh 或 ough 结尾的动词。如： buy-bought- bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught5. 有的以 ay 结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把 ay 变成 aid 。 如：say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如： have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt- felt（四） 、有些动词原形中含有字母 i, 在过去式中变 i 为 a, 在过去 分词 中变i为u。如：（五） 、以字母 ow 或 aw 结尾的动词 , 在变成过去式时 , 通常把元 音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如：blow-blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known尾的单词。如：rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drivedrove-driven, eat-ate-eaten特 殊 ： write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get- got-gotten