最新福建高考理综化学部分解析优秀名师资料.doc

2012年福建高考理综化学部分解析2012年高考福建卷理综化学详解与评析 6、下列说法不正确的是不正确的是( ) (A(易燃试剂与强氧化性试剂分开放置并远离火源 B(用湿润的红色试纸检验氨气 C(在50ml的量筒中配置0.1000mol/L碳酸钠溶液 D(金属钠着火时，用细沙覆盖灭火 【解析】答案:C 由于量筒的精确度只到0.1ml，配出来的溶液只能精确到0.1mol/L，所以C不正确。这题属于实验化学，常识题。 7、下列关于有机物的叙述正确的是( ) A(乙醇不能发生取代反应 B(CH有三种同分异构体 410C(氨基酸、淀粉属于高分子化合物 D(乙烯和甲烷可以用溴的四氯化碳溶液检验 【解析】答案:D 由于乙烯能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色而甲烷不能，B项正确;乙醇能与金属钠发生取代反应，乙醇和乙酸的酯化反应也是属于取代反应，A错误;CH比410只有两种同分异构体，C错误。氨基酸不是高分子化合物，D错误。这题是有机基础题。 8、短周期元素R、T、Q、W在元素周期表中的相对位置如右图所示，其中T所属的周期序数与族序数相等。下列判断不正确的是( ) (A(最简单的气态氢化物的热稳定性:R>Q B(最高级氧化物对应水化物的酸性:Q<W ， C(原子半径:T>Q>R D(含T的盐溶液一定显酸性 【解析】答案:B 通过题干信息: T所属的周期序数与族序数相等，可以判断出T是Al，从而推出Q是Si、W是S，R是N。最简单的气态氢化物的热稳定性:NH>SiH34-，A正确;最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性:HSiO<HSO,B正确;原子半2324径:Al>Si>N，C正确;含Al的盐溶液中，虽然由于铝离子会水解呈酸性，但若酸根离子的水解程度更大，根据谁强显谁性的规律，该盐溶液也可能显碱性，D错误。这题的A、B、C三个选项是必修2专题1的元素周期律的内容，D选项考察了学生对水解的理解。难度中下。 culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, job security measures), these requirements are very straightforward, specific standards, also has a clear direction, more easily by a superior examination. Poverty assessment is to look at the per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is . . Yuan, higher standards is poverty. Superior acceptance to entrust a third party institution from HouseImplementation. After acceptance, also through spot checks, visits, telephone surveys looking activities. This means that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for poverty alleviation through acceptance, which we put forward higher requirements for poverty eradication. Therefore, the County Office for poverty alleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard. To implement the grid management model, integrating poverty alleviation into grid management, and "make a heart" activity combined package of leading cadres implement monitoring systems for poverty alleviation, each poor households identified a package cost. In this regard, you can design a form, indicating the poor basic causes, current income, poverty, support measures, implementation of support measures, through helping ' income, annual revenue. From now on, protection officers working households, household-by-place. When the examination, which the poor don't have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei proposed to build "green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious" new . . Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the side of the mountains, nor to the masses to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs, in accordance with the "channel, use the same, and use" principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds . Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-related funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previous year . and . respectively. In this regard, the financial Department to dispatch in a timely manner, analyses relevant departments strive for. (E) to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities. Of village-level evaluation is very clear, that is, "five-ten" ("five-way" path, power, through water, through radio, television, information; " Ten "the hanlaobaoshou fields, rich projects, Office kitchen, health services, sanitation system, pre-school education, 9、将右图所示实验装置的K闭合，下列判断正确的是( ) A.Cu电极上发生还原反应 B.电子沿Zn a b Cu路径流动 2- C(片刻后甲池中C(SO)增大 4D(片刻后观察到滤纸b变红色 【解析】答案:A 甲和乙构成原电池，滤纸是电解池。Zn是负极，a极是阴极，a极滤纸变红，D错误;Cu是正极，发生还原反应，A正确;电子没有在滤纸中移动，B错误;硫酸根不参加反应，浓度不变，C错误。此题难度重点，但素材来自教学一线，考查学生平时学习的错误，对实际教学有一定的指导作用。特别要提醒的是，电子不会“游泳”，只走导线的陆路，不走溶液的水路。 10、下列说法正确的是( ) A(0.5mol的O和11.2L的O所含的分子数一定相等 32B(20?和60?的水中，PH相等 C(中和等体积、等物质的量浓度的盐酸和醋酸所消耗的n(NaOH)相等 D(2SO+O=2SO和4SO+2O=4SO 的?H相等 223223【解析】答案:C 没有标准状况的条件，不能确定11.2L的O就是0.5mol，A项错误;温度越2高纯净水的PH越低，B项错误。盐酸和醋酸都是一元酸，中和一元酸所需的氢氧化钠的物质的量都相等，C正确;?H 与化学计量数有关，D项错误。 此题涵盖内容很广，但都是是概念理解题，切入点都是比较常规的设问，难度中下。 11、下列物质与水作用形成的溶液能与NHCl反应生成NH的是( ) 43A(二氧化氮 B(钠 C(硫酸镁 D(二氧化硅 【解析】答案:B 考Na与水反应生成氢氧化钠后，再与NHCl反应生成NH 43此题考察的是必修1的元素化学，知识落脚点是基础，是容易题中的容易题。 culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, job security measures), these requirements are very straightforward, specific standards, also has a clear direction, more easily by a superior examination. Poverty assessment is to look at the per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is . . Yuan, higher standards is poverty. Superior acceptance to entrust a third party institution from HouseImplementation. After acceptance, also through spot checks, visits, telephone surveys looking activities. This means that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for poverty alleviation through acceptance, which we put forward higher requirements for poverty eradication. Therefore, the County Office for poverty alleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard. To implement the grid management model, integrating poverty alleviation into grid management, and "make a heart" activity combined package of leading cadres implement monitoring systems for poverty alleviation, each poor households identified a package cost. In this regard, you can design a form, indicating the poor basic causes, current income, poverty, support measures, implementation of support measures, through helping ' income, annual revenue. From now on, protection officers working households, household-by-place. When the examination, which the poor don't have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei proposed to build "green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious" new . . Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the side of the mountains, nor to the masses to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs, in accordance with the "channel, use the same, and use" principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds . Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-related funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previous year . and . respectively. In this regard, the financial Department to dispatch in a timely manner, analyses relevant departments strive for. (E) to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities. Of village-level evaluation is very clear, that is, "five-ten" ("five-way" path, power, through water, through radio, television, information; " Ten "the hanlaobaoshou fields, rich projects, Office kitchen, health services, sanitation system, pre-school education, 12、一定条件下，溶液的酸碱性对TiO光催化R降解反应的影响如右图所示，2下列判断正确的是( ) A(在0-50min之间，PH=2和PH=7的R的降解百分率相等 B(溶液酸性越强，R的降解率越小 C(R的起始浓度越小，降解速率越大 D(在20-25min之间，PH=10的平均降解速率-1-1 为0.04molLmin【解析】答案:A 由于在0-50min之间，PH=2和PH=7的R的降解百分率都等于100,，A正确;酸性越强，曲线的斜率越大，意味着R得降解率越大，B错误;浓度越小，曲线的斜率越小，速率越小，-4C错误;D选项要注意纵坐标有个该死的10，不知道断送了多少少不更事的考生。 此题是创设情景题，考察考生的理解能力，尽管题目不偏不怪，只要基础扎实的同学都能理解，但A的百分率是个陷阱，大多数考生以为是比较物质的量。D也是个陷阱，粗心的考生很容易选该选项。 第culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, job security measures), these requirement 3 页 共 8 页 s are very straightforward, specific standards, also has a clear direction, more easily by a superior examination. Poverty assessment is to look at the per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is . . Yuan, higher standards is poverty. Superior acceptance to entrust a third party institution from HouseImplementation. After acceptance, also through spot checks, visits, telephone surveys looking activities. This means that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for poverty alleviation through acceptance, which we put forward higher requirements for poverty eradication. Therefore, the County Office for poverty alleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard. To implement the grid management model, integrating poverty alleviation into grid management, and "make a heart" activity combined package of leading cadres implement monitoring systems for poverty alleviation, each poor households identified a package cost. In this regard, you can design a form, indicating the poor basic causes, current income, poverty, support measures, implementation of support measures, through helping ' income, annual revenue. From now on, protection officers working households, household-by-place. When the examination, which the poor don't have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei proposed to build "green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious" new . . Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the side of the mountains, nor to the masses to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs, in accordance with the "channel, use the same, and use" principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds . Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-related funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previous year . and . respectively. In this regard, the financial Department to dispatch in a timely manner, analyses relevant departments strive for. (E) to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities. Of village-level evaluation is very clear, that is, "five-ten" ("five-way" path, power, through water, through radio, television, information; " Ten "the hanlaobaoshou fields, rich projects, Office kitchen, health services, sanitation system, pre-school education,23、(14分) +(1)元素M离子与NH所含的电子数和质子数相同，则M的原子结构示意图是4_。 (2)硫酸铝与过量的氨水反应的离子方程式为: -2-(3)能证明NaSO溶液中存在SO+HOHSO+OH水解平衡事实的是:( ) 23323A(滴入酚酞溶液变红，在加入HSO溶液后红色褪去 24B(滴入酚酞溶液变红，再加入氯水后红色褪去 C(滴入酚酞溶液变红，再加入BaCl溶液后产生沉淀且红色褪去 2(4)元素X、Y在周期表中位于同一主族，化合物CuX和CuY可发生如下转化，22(其中D是纤维素水解的最终产物): 一定量的过量浓硝酸 D的溶液 NaOH溶液 CuX 澄清溶液 悬浊液 CuY(砖红色沉淀) 22?非金属性X Y (填“<”或“>”)。 ?CuY与过量的浓硝酸反应生成红棕色的气体，化学方程式是 2(5)在恒容绝热(不与外界交换能量)条件下进行2A(g)+B(g)2C(g)+D(S) 反应，按下表数据投料，反应达到平衡状态，测得体系压强升高，简述反应的平衡常数和温度的变化关系 A B C D 物质 2 1 2 0 起始投料mol 【解析】(1)写出M原子的结构示意图:; +3+ (2)Al+3NHHO=Al(OH)?+3NH3432(3)选C;C能证明既有反应物又有生成物。 - 酚酞检验OH;A中HSO消耗的是OH;B中加入氯水后红色褪去，可能是24-氯水直接和OH反应。C中加入BaCl后产生白色BaSO沉淀，可见原体系232-中含有SO 3(4)?< 通过砖红色的CuY可判断出Y是O元素(葡萄糖与菲林试剂反应生成砖红2色的氧化亚铜CuO沉淀) 2?CuO+6HNO=2Cu(NO)+2NO?+3HO 232232(5)温度越高，平衡常数越小。 culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, job security measures), these requirements are very straightforward, specific standards, also has a clear direction, more easily by a superior examination. Poverty assessment is to look at the per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is . . Yuan, higher standards is poverty. Superior acceptance to entrust a third party institution from HouseImplementation. After acceptance, also through spot checks, visits, telephone surveys looking activities. This means that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for poverty alleviation through acceptance, which we put forward higher requirements for poverty eradication. Therefore, the County Office for poverty alleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard. To implement the grid management model, integrating poverty alleviation into grid management, and "make a heart" activity combined package of leading cadres implement monitoring systems for poverty alleviation, each poor households identified a package cost. In this regard, you can design a form, indicating the poor basic causes, current income, poverty, support measures, implementation of support measures, through helping ' income, annual revenue. From now on, protection officers working households, household-by-place. When the examination, which the poor don't have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei proposed to build "green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious" new . . Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the side of the mountains, nor to the masses to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs, in accordance with the "channel, use the same, and use" principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds . Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-related funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previous year . and . respectively. In this regard, the financial Department to dispatch in a timely manner, analys