最新辽宁省葫芦岛市中考理综化学试题word版含答案优秀名师资料.doc

2011年辽宁省葫芦岛市中考理综化学试题(word版含答案)2011年初中毕业生升学文化课考试 理 科 综 合 试 卷 (化学部分) 可能用到的相对原子质量:H1 C12 O16 S32 Cu64 Zn65 一、选择题(在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意，请将正确选项前的字母填在下面的表格中) 1.下列过程中一定发生化学变化的是 A.气球膨胀 B.海水晒盐 C.矿石粉碎 D.燃放鞭炮 2.民以食为天,食以安为先。下列做法符合食品卫生安全的是 A.用“瘦肉精”饲养生猪 B.用霉变花生压榨食用油 C.用加碘盐做食品调味剂 D.用工业色素给食品上色 3.图1所示的实验操作正确的是 A.闻气味 B.倾倒液体 C.取固体药品 D.点燃酒精灯 4.图2是元素周期表中的一格，由此判断下列说法不正确的是 (A(磷属于金属元素 B(磷的元素符号为P C(磷原子的质子数为15 D(磷的相对原子质量为30.97 5.甲烷的化学式为CH，从中获得的有关信息正确的是 4A(甲烷是一种混合物 B(甲烷的相对分子质量为10 C(甲烷由碳元素和氢元素组成 D(每个甲烷分子中含有2个氢分子 6(图3是甲、乙两种物质的溶解度曲线，下列说法正确的是 A(甲的溶解度受温度影响比乙小 B(15?时，甲、乙的溶解度相等 C(30?时，100 g甲的饱和溶液中含溶质30g D(将30?乙的饱和溶液降温到15?时变为不饱和溶液 7(在一个密闭容器内有4种物质，在一定条件下充分反应，测得反应前后各物质的质量，数据见下表。 物 质 甲 乙 丙 丁 反应前质量,g 12 10 30 5 反应后质量,g 待测 待测 19 16 下列说法正确的是 A(无论甲、丙的待测值为多少，甲、丙一定都是反应物 B(如果丙的待测值为0，则只有乙、丁是生成物 accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan C(如果丙的待测值为10，则该反应为分解反应 D(如果甲的待测值为0，则参加反应的甲、丙的质量比为2:5 二、填空及简答题 22.用符号和数字表示下列内容。 (1)2个氢原子 。 (2)1个五氧化二磷分子 。 (3)二氧化硫中硫元素的化合价 。 23.在氦气、氧气、氢气、赤铁矿、磷矿粉5种物质中，选择符合要求的物质填写在横线上。 (1)工业炼铁的原料是 。 (2)属于清洁能源的是 。 (3)为延长灯泡使用寿命而充入的气体是 。 24(化学就在我们身边，它与我们的生活息息相关。 (1)多吃蔬菜、水果有益健康，主要原因是蔬菜、水果中富含营养素中的 。 (2)生活中可用 来检验自来水是硬水还是软水，可通过 的方法来降低水的硬度和杀菌消毒。 (3)生活中经常使用的三种化石燃料有 ，它们是不可再生能源。 (4) 由于空气中含有 ，铁制品长期露置在空气中会锈蚀。 25(金属活动性顺序是学习化学的重要工具，在工农业生产和科学研究中有重要应用。常见的金属活动性顺序如下: K Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Sn Pb (H) Cu Hg Ag Pt Au 金属活动性由强到弱 (1)在上述金属活动性顺序中最不活泼的金属是 。 (2)用化学方程式表示不能用铁制容器配制硫酸铜溶液的原因: :该反应的基本反应类型是 。 26(二氧化碳泡沫灭火器的原理，是利用物质反应时生成的二氧化碳，与加入的发泡物质产生大量泡沫，喷出灭火。小明用废旧塑料制品自制了一个泡沫灭火器，如图10所示。 (1)塑料属于 材料。 (2)小明家里有下列物质:醋、厕所清沽剂、厨房清洁剂、纯碱、小苏打、石灰石块、洗沾精、洗衣粉等，你认为小明可以选用的一组物质是 。 (3)水和泡沫喷洒在燃烧物上能够灭火，其原理是: 27(图11中A,F分别表示一种常见化合物，A、B都是 氧化物，A通常为气态，F常用于实验室制取A(部分 生成物已略去)。 (1)F的化学式为 。 (2)B?D反应的现象是: 。 (3)写出A?C转化的化学方程式 。 (4)A,F中还能相互反应的两种物质是(用字母表示) 。 三、作图与实验探究题 accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan 本资料来自于资源最齐全的,世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com 34.某校化学实验室有足量氯酸钾、过氧化氢溶液和很少量高锰酸钾。现需要用这些药品制取多瓶氧气。 (1)小明设计的方案是: 步骤l:用高锰酸钾制取二氧化锰，实验流程如图18所示: 操作X是 ，制取二氧化锰的目的是 。 步骤2:在步骤l的基础上用过氧化氢溶液制取所需氧气。在图19所示装置中，可选用的一组装置是 (填写序号)。 用这种方法收集氧气，判断氧气已经集满的现象是 。 (2)小红将高锰酸钾固体直接与适量氯酸钾固体混合加热，也制得了所需氧气。写出氯酸钾分解制取氧气的化学方程式 。 35.蚊虫叮咬时能在人的皮肤内分泌出蚁酸刺激皮肤，从而使皮肤肿痛。小明决定对蚁酸进行探究。 【查阅资料】蚁酸是一种有机酸，化学名称叫作甲酸，化学式为HCOOH;蚁酸在一定条件下分解只生成两种氧化物。 【提出问题】蚁酸分解产物是什么? 【作出猜想】? 水和二氯化碳 ?水和一氧化碳 ? 猜想有水生成的依据是 。 【设计实验】小明将蚁酸分解产生的气体通过如图20所示装盟，确定产物中除水之外的另一种氧化物。 (1)实验时A中无明显现象，证明猜想? (选填“成立”或“不成立”)。 (2)实验时玻璃管中黑色粉末变红色，D中澄清石灰水变浑浊，玻璃管中发生反应的化学accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personne21世纪教育网 - 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。l Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible f 版权所有21世纪教育网or the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the acciden t, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan方程式为 。 (3)实验中装置C的作用是 。 【反思评价】从环境角度分析，该装置的缺陷是 。 四、计算应用题 36(黄铜是铜和锌的合金(Cu-Zn)，可用来制造电器零件及日用品。为测定某黄铜样品中铜的质量分数(不考虑黄铜中其他杂质)，当向l0g黄铜样品粉末中加入98 g稀硫酸时恰好完全反应，称得烧杯中物质的质量为107.9g。请计算: (1)反应生成氢气的质量为 g。 (2)此黄铜样品中铜的质量分数。 accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan 本资料来自于资源最齐全的,世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com 2011年初中毕业生升学文化课考试 理科综合试题参考答案及评分标准(化学部分) 一、选择题(本大题共l5个小题:每小题2分，共30分) 题 号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 答 案 D C A A C B C 题 号 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答 案 D C B B C D A D 二、填空及简答题 22(1)2H (2)PO (3)+4 2223(1)赤铁矿 (2)氢气 (3)氮气 24(1)维生素 (2)肥皂水 煮沸 (3)煤、石油、天然气 (4)氧气和水蒸气 25(1)Au (2)Fe+CuSO=FeSO+Cu 置换反应 4426(1)有机合成 (2)醋、小苏打、洗洁精(答案不唯一，合理即可给分) (3)降低温度并隔绝氧气 27(1)CaCO 3(2)放出大量的熟，块状固体变成粉末(答出放热即可给分) (3)2NaOH+CO=NaCO+HO (或2KOH+ CO=K CO+HO) 22322232(4)A、D 三、作图与实验探究题 34(1)步骤l:过滤 得到催化剂 步骤2:AC(或AD) 集气瓶口有气泡冒出(或带火星木条放在瓶口复燃) MnO2(2) 2KClO?2KCl+3O? 32?35(【作出猜想】甲酸中含有氢元素和氧元素，化学反应前后元素的种类不变 【设计实验】(1)不成立 ? (2) CuO + CO ? Cu+CO 2(3)除去气体中的水蒸气 【反思评价】没有处理尾气 四、计算应用题 36(1)0.1 (1分) (2)解:设样品中Zn的质量为x。 Zn + HSO ZnSO+ H? (1分) =24 4 265 2 x 0.1g 65x (1分) ,20.1g65，0.1g (1分) x,3.25g2accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personne21世纪教育网 - 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。l Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible f 版权所有21世纪教育网or the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the acciden t, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan10g-3.25g 铜的质量分数为 (1分) ，100%,67.5%10g答:黄铜样品中铜的质量分数为67.5,。 accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be attempted as the case of responsible for the accident and construction team injuries accident penalty provisions, mutatis mutandis. Eight, should perform in the construction standards and specifications, serial number a 1 GB3323-2005 steel fusion welded butt joints, welding engineering-Ray lighting and quality rating of 2 GB11345-89 steel welds manual methods of ultrasonic inspection and testing results for grade 3 GB50236-2002 industrial pipe welding engineering code for construction and acceptance of field equipment 4 HGJ222-92 technical specification for welding of aluminium and its alloys 5 low temperature steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel p