2014《名师伴你行》系列高考英语（人教）一轮复习配套语法专题学案 时态和语态一（30张ppt）.ppt

高考英语一轮复习课件,新 课 标 版,人 民 教 育 出 版 社,语法学案1 时态和语态(一) 动词时态的概述： 英语动词共有十六种时态, 要求掌握的有八种：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 过去进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时。另外现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常用。,高考一轮总复习,第二编 语 法 知 识,考点 动词时态的基本用法： 考点精讲1 一般时 (一)一般时中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或表示现在、过去的状态。 We have meals three times a day. 我们一日三餐。(现在的习惯) He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态) (二)一般现在时还可表示客观真理、科学事实。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 (三)一般现在时还可用在if, unless, even if引导的条件状语从句中；由when, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once等引导的时间状语从句中；由no matter,高考一轮总复习,whatwhowhichwhenwherehow或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however引导的让步状语从句中, 这时主句往往表将来(出现willshallcanmust)或主句是祈使句。 Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work. 我一完成工作就和你一起去。 Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. 无论你怎么说, 我都不会改变主意。 (四)语境中的一般过去时, 往往表示“刚才, 刚刚”之意, 暗示现在已“不再这样”。 Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. 能否再说一遍你的电话号码?我没有听清楚。,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析 Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result. 2012重庆卷 A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 剖析 考查动词的时态。根据答语的后半句可知, 现在Kevin正在等待测试的成绩, 参加测试为一个过去的动作, 应该使用一般过去时态。因此, 正确答案为B选项。 技巧点拨 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态, 也可表示过去某段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。其标志性状语常为in the past, yesterday, just now, the day before yesterday, last week, in 2012, two weeks ago等。,高考一轮总复习,对应训练 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Your baby is too thin. It could gain weight, but it _ (not eat) much. 2. It wont be long before such a thing_ (happen) again. 3. I wont speak to him unless he_ (apologize) to me. 4. The driver has just been fined $10 for stopping his car at a sign that_ (read) “NO PARKING”. 5. Nancy is not coming tonight. But she _ (promise).,doesnt eat,happens,apologizes,reads,promised,第二编 语 法 知 识,(五)一般将来时的用法： 1. 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势。 Tom will come next week. 汤姆下周会来。 Fish will die without water. 离开水, 鱼就会死。 2. “be going to+动词原形”多用在口语中, 表示“计划、打算、即将做某事”, 此外, be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。 He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他计划今晚到电视台讲话。 3. “be about to+动词原形”表示“立即的将来”, 因此, 该句型很少与时间状语连用。,高考一轮总复习,The train is about to start. 火车就要开了。 4. 有些动词如come, go, stay, arrive, leave, begin, start等, 其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划、安排好的将来要发生的动作或状态。 I arrive in Beijing at 3：00 p. m. tomorrow. 明天下午3点我到北京。 What are you going to do next week? 下周你打算做什么? 5. “be to+动词原形” (1)表示按计划或安排要做的事。 She is to be married next month. 她将于下个月结婚。 注意：这种结构也可用于过去。waswere to do sth.,第二编 语 法 知 识,表示曾经计划要做的事, 但不表明计划是否被执行, 或表示“命运(即命中注定要发生的事)”, 而非计划；waswere to have done sth. 表示未曾实现的计划。 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很紧张, 因为我很快就要首次离开家了。 We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的, 但是你不在家。 (2)表示“应该”, 相当于should, ought to。 You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。 (3)表示“必须”, 相当于must, have to。 You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 看电视之前你得先做完作业。,高考一轮总复习,(4)表示“想, 打算”, 相当于intend, want。 If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 如果我们要在十点前到, 我们现在就得走。 (5)用于第一人称疑问句, 表示征求对方意见。 Am I to go on with the work? 要我继续完成这项工作吗? (6)用于否定句, 表示“禁止”, 相当于mustnt。 You are not to smoke in the reading room. 你不可以在阅览室里吸烟。 (7)表示“可以, 可能”, 相当于may, can。 The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上见到。 (8)were to do sth. 用于if或even ifeven though从句中, 表示对未来的假设。,第二编 语 法 知 识,Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such thing. 即使太阳从西边出来, 我也决不做这种事。 (9)be to blame(该受责备, 对某坏事应负责任)与be to let(待出租)两种结构中, 用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 Which driver is to blame for the accident? 这起事故是哪个司机的责任? This house is to let. 这房子要出租。 典例剖析 Close the door of fear behind you, and you_ the door of faith open before you. 2012湖南卷 A. Saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing,高考一轮总复习,剖析 考查动词的时态。从前一分句为祈使句可知此语境为将来的情况, 而且这是一常见句型“祈使句+and+表将来的句子”。故选C。 对应训练 单项填空 6. We have been looking for the boy all the afternoon but he is nowhere_ . A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. to be seen 7. We just saw John at the bookstore. Thats strange；I didnt think he_ back until tomorrow. A. will come B. was to come C. is coming D. is to come,D,B,第二编 语 法 知 识,8. If the sun _ tomorrow, what would we do? A. were not to raise B. does not rise C. would not rise D. were not to rise 9. Look at these clouds. _. A. Its going to rain B. Its raining C. It is to rain D. It can rain 10. Who do you think_ for the failure of their marriage? A. to blame B. to be blame C. is to blame D. is to be blamed 考点精讲2 进行时 (一)一个长动作作为背景, 被一个短动作打断, 长动作往往用进行时, 短动作用一般时。,D,A,C,高考一轮总复习,The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book in the office. 同学们在忙着写作, 这时布朗老师去取放在办公室的书。 As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. 奶奶读着报就睡着了。 (二)表示动作的未完性、暂时性。 I dont really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我不是在此工作, 我只是在帮忙, 新秘书来了我就走。(暂时性) Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. 去年Shirley在写一本关于中国的书, 但我不知道她现在是否写完了。(未完性),第二编 语 法 知 识,(三)表示计划、安排要做的事。 Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. 我获得了一次去佛罗里达度假两天的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。(计划) (四)表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。 I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 三年前我遇到了丽莎, 当时她正在一家卖收音机的商店工作。 Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry. I wasnt noticing. 嘿, 看你走到哪去了! 对不起, 我没注意。,高考一轮总复习,(五)表示反复出现或习惯性动作, 往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪, 常与always, continually, constantly等连用。 He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先想到他人。 He is always making the same mistake. 他总是犯同一个错误。 (六)瞬间动词的进行时可以表示将来(见一般将来时的用法部分) 典例剖析 “The moment_ soon, ”he thought to himself, waiting nervously. 2012湖南卷 A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming 剖析 考查时态。根据soon可知为将来的事情, 且是直接引语, 应为现在, 所以选D项, 进行时态表将来。,第二编 语 法 知 识,对应训练 用所给动词的适当形式填空 11. You_ always_ (watch) TV. Why not do something more active? 12. Watch! I _ (watch) but I _ (not see) anything unusual. 13. Listen！The couple _ (quarrel) in the room. 考点精讲3 完成时 (一)现在完成时 (1)一个动作开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：lately, recently, in the lastpast few daysyears(在过去的这几天年里), since then, ever since,are,watching,am watching,didnt see,are quarrelling,高考一轮总复习,up to now, so far(至今)等。 In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 在过去的几年里, 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 He has been busy writing a book recently. 最近他一直忙着在写一本书。 (2)一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响, 注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already, just(刚刚), yet, never, before等。 The concert has started. (=The concert is on now. ) 音乐会已经开始了。 (3)ThisIt is the firstsecond. . . time+ that从句。that从句谓语要用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have come here. 这是我第一次来这里。,第二编 语 法 知 识,(4)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中, 表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 只有我亲眼看到, 我才会相信你的话。 I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 我干完了工作就和你一起去。 (5)瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词或终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态, 但不可以接一段时间, 若要接一段时间, 需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。 ×He has come to Beijing since last year. He has lived in Beijing since last year. ×He has joined the army for 3 years.,高考一轮总复习,He has served in the army for 3 years. He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for 3 years. It is 3 years since he joined the army. He has joined the army. 常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get toreacharrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, jointake part in, beginstart, returngive, borrowlend, becometurn, bringtake, die, finishend, receivehear from, marry, break, lose, jump等。 典例剖析 Look！Somebody the sofa. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. 2012江西卷 A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned,第二编 语 法 知 识,剖析 考查时态。句意：看, 有人已经打扫了沙发。是的, 不是我, 我没有做。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时。故选C项。 对应训练 同义句转换 14. He left his office 3 hours ago. He _ from his office for 3 hours. It _ 3 hours since he left his office. 15. He has been dead for 4 years. He _ ago. It has been_ he died. (二)过去完成时 (1)一件事情发生于过去, 而另外一件事情先于它(即表“过去的过去”), 那么在先的事情的动词需用过去完成时。,has been away,has beenis,died 4 years,4 years since,高考一轮总复习,这个过去的过去的时间可用before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示, 也可通过上下文来表示。 She had learned some English before she came to the institute. 她在来学院前已学过一些英语。 He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始, 一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作, 常用的时间状语有：by then, by that time, until, by the end of, before 2000, by the time+句子等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那时, 他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet. 到那时为止, 他对此仍一无所知。,第二编 语 法 知 识,(3)Hardly(scarcely/barely)had. . . done. . . when. . . ；No sooner had. . . done. . . than. . . 表示“刚就, when和than从句里用一般过去时。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家雨就倾盆而下。 (4)It washad been+一段时间+since从句。since从句中谓语动词用过去完成时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 有十年我们没这么高兴了。 (5)ThatIt was the firstsecond. . . time+ that从句。that从句谓语要用过去完成时。,高考一轮总复习,It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 (6)表示愿望、打算一类的词, 如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等, 其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。 I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿) I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. 我本想去帮你的, 但当时确实太忙了。 (三)将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间, 某一动作将会完成, 常用的时间状语为：by+将来的某个时间。,第二编 语 法 知 识,By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 到明年的这个时候, 你们大家就成了大学生了。 典例剖析 The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he_ some European partners. 2012江苏卷 A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met 剖析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句中“is said to have arrived”可知, arrive这个动作是在过去发生的, 而会面的动作则在arrive的动作之前发生的, 即在过去的过去发生的动作, 所以用过去完成时, 故选D项。,高考一轮总复习,单项填空 1. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area_. We must act immediately before theres none left. 2012重庆卷 A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 2. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that _ he something instead of just talking. 2012辽宁卷 A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 3. I feel so excited！At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai. 2012辽宁卷 A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown,B,D,A,第二编 语 法 知 识,4. Did you catch what I said? Sorry. I_ a text message just now.2012四川卷 A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering 5. Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I_ to Beijing. How about five? 2012陕西卷 A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 6. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he_. 2012北京卷 wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt,D,C,B,高考一轮总复习,7. Our friendship_ quickly over the weeks that followed. 2012北京卷 A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed 8. Did you ask Sophia for help? I_ need toI managed perfectly well on my own. 2012全国卷 A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont 9. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes. 2012全国新课标卷 swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum,D,C,C,第二编 语 法 知 识,10. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers_. 2012山东卷 A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving,返回目录,继续,D,