牛津译林模块五 Unit 2重点句型及语法学案-word文档资料.docx

一、重点句型梳理“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 词汇-1. I have to pick up rubbish where I am going to sit. 我不得不捡起在我要做的地方的垃圾。（P29）要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的，看不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 pick up （1） 一般说来，“教师”概念之形成经历了十分漫长的历史。杨士勋（唐初学者，四门博士）春秋谷梁传疏曰：“师者教人以不及，故谓师为师资也”。这儿的“师资”，其实就是先秦而后历代对教师的别称之一。韩非子也有云：“今有不才之子师长教之弗为变”其“师长”当然也指教师。这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”，因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。 捡起/ 拿起（某物）；扶起（某人）；跌倒后（自己）站起来To his credit, he formed the habit of picking up waste paper in public places. 值得表扬的是，他养成了在公共场所捡废纸的习惯。（2） （在无线电中）收听，接收It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programme. 必须有一台短波收音机才能收听到这些节目。（3） （用车）接（既可以是到某处去接某人或载货，也可以是中途顺便带走）Im willing to pick you up at your apartment if possible.如果可能的话，我愿意开车去你的公寓接你。 （4） 加快（速度）The wild horses picked up speed, so the hunters couldnt catch up with them.那些野马加快了速度，因此猎人们追不上它们了。（5） 恢复精神/ 健康，（生意）好转，恢复It is clear that the injured are beginning to pick up now. 很明显，现在这些伤员开始恢复健康。（6） （偶然）习得， 学会The businessman made the acquaintance of a young waiter and picked up a few words of Greek when he was there last year.去年，这名企业家在希腊的时候结识了一名年轻的服务员，并学会了几个希腊单词。词汇-2. impress v. 使钦佩，使敬仰，使印象深刻，使铭记【教材原句】When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more, I was very impressed. 当我听你说到环境和经济需要更加协调时，我印象非常深刻。 【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1） In the debate, the girl impressed us with her sense of humor. _（2） We were most impressed with your committed attitude towards adolescents world wide. _（3） Father impressed on me the value of hard work. _1. 那个女孩的幽默感给我们留下了很深的印象； 2. 对你尽心尽力的态度留下了深刻的印象；3. 父亲向我强调努力工作的重要意义【搭配】impress sb. with = sb. be impressed with _ 给某人深刻印象，使某人因钦佩而肃然起敬impress sth. on / upon sb. _ 使某人了解某事的重要性 词汇-3. queue up 排队等候【教材原句】With the opening of the citys Modern Art Museum, hundreds of people queued up to be among the first to view modern paintings. 随着城市现代美术馆的开放，成百上千人排队等候，成为了第一批目睹现代绘画作品的人。（P32） 【句法分析】with 介词短语作状语，动词不定式短语to view.作后置定语，修饰the first【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1） No one is willing to queue up at the bus stop during the rush hour. _（2） The refugees are queuing up for the food and blankets. _1. 在公交站点排队； 2.难民正在排队领食物和毛毯【拓展】queue up to so sth _ 抢着做某事jump the queue _ 插队，不按照次序排队queue jumper _ 不按照次序排队的人词汇-4. take steps to do sth 采取措施做某事【教材原句】 China has taken many steps to stop the process of desertification, including encouraging farmers to build fences (which stop wind from blowing the soil away), and providing money for people in dry areas to plan more trees and bushes. 中国已经采取了很多措施来阻止沙漠化的进程，其中包括鼓励农民建起栅栏（这些栅栏能阻止风把土壤吹走）和给干旱地区的人们提供资金已种植更多的树木和灌木。（P33）【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1）The train station is taking steps to stop some people from jumping the queue. _正在采取措施阻止一些人插队【链接】take measures to do sth. _ 采取措施做某事including prep. 包含，包括The boss is running a store full of high-grade goods, including some duty-free ones. 这个老板经营着一家满是高档品的商店，包括一些免税货。学法点拨：including 意为“包含.在内；包括”，常放在被包括的名词或代词之前； included意为“包括在内”，常放在被包括的名词或代词之后。The topic covers several aspects, including economy, politics,military and diplomacy. (The topic covers several aspects, economy, politics, military and diplomacy included.)话题涉及几个方面，包括经济，政治，军事和外交。误区警示： include 侧重于被包含者只是整体中的一部分； 而contain 意为“包含，容纳，装有”，侧重于内容stop sb/ sth from doing sth 阻止某人/ 某物做某事Thanks to your advice, I could stop my son from doing the absurd thing. 多亏了你的建议，我才能阻止了我儿子做荒唐的事。Can you stop them from hunting tortoises illegally? 你能阻止他们非法捕杀陆龟吗？What impressed me most was that the foreign government took him immediate steps to stop the local armed groups from conflicting. 令我印象最深刻的是，那个外国政府立即采取措施制止了当地武装阻止发生冲突。学法点拨： 在stop/ keep/ prevent sb. / sth from doing sth. 结构中，与stop, prevent连用的from 在主动语态中可省略，而与keep 连用的from不可省略。 若把keep sb from doing sth. 中的from省略，则成了另一个结构，keep sb doing sth, 意为“使某人一直做某事”。在被动语态中，上述结构中的from 都不可省略。词汇-5. decrease v./ n. 减少【教材原句】This is one of the cheapest and best ways of decreasing desertification. 这是减缓沙漠化的最廉价，最有效的方法之一。 【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1）The production of the crops in this area decreased from 5.2 million tons to 4.5 million tons. _（2）The disagreements between the two good friends are on the decrease. _1. 由520万吨下降到450万吨； 2.在减少【搭配】on the decrease _ 减少学法点拨： decrease / increase to 表示“减少/ 增加到.”, decrease/ increase by 后接分数，百分数，或其他表示数量的词，表示“减少/ 增长了.”Using the new method can help us decrease the cost of production and running by 10%. 使用新的方法可以帮助我们将生产和经营的成本减少10%。词汇-6. devoted adj. 献身于.的，忠实的【教材原句】The center has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification. 该中心有300多名科学家， 他们致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的方法。 （P33） 【句法分析】devoted to finding measures 作后置定语，修饰scientists, that 引导定语从句，修饰measures【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1） Devoting herself to childcare completely, the young mother found herself surrounded by happiness which could not be found in her previous job. （2） I can only devote two hours a day to working on the project. （3） The old man devoted all his life to stopping the land from desertification. 1. 一心照顾孩子； 2. 在这个项目上花两个小时； 3.穷其一生阻止土地沙漠化【搭配】be devoted to _ 喜爱，疼爱，忠于，致力于 Tu Youyou, who won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, is devoted to the study of artemisinin. 屠呦呦致力于青蒿素研究，于2019年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖【拓展】devote oneself to (doing ) sth _ 献身于做某事devote ones life / time/ money/ energy to doing sth _ 把某人的一生/ 时间/ 金钱/ 精力奉献于做某事误区警示：以上短语中的to 均是介词，后面接名词，代词或动名词，不能接动词原形，这是考察的重点词汇-7. raise v. 提出（=put forward/come up with）；引起； 提升；举起；增加，提高（数量、水平等）；筹募；征集；召集；组建；抚养；养育；培养；饲养；种植【教材原句】As the third longest river in the world, the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China and abroad.作为世界第三长河，长江的环境问题已经引起了国内外的关注。【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1）The three consultants opened the floor and raised several practical solutions._（2）He raised a hand in greeting. _ （3）The woman raised her voice and quarreled with the waiter. _ （4）Were raising money for Project Hope. _（5）They were both raised in the south. _（6）He raised chickens and corn. _1. 提出了几条切实可行的解决方案； 2. 扬起手；3. 提高了嗓音； 4. 募捐； 5. 他们俩都是在南方长大的；6. 养鸡【拓展】raise ones hand 举手 raise ones family养家糊口raise ones voice提高声音 raise funds筹集资金【助记】 原形过去式过去分词词义词性raiseraisedraised举起，提高vt.riseroserisen上升，升起vi.n.arisearosearisen出现，发生vi.concern n.vt.（1） n.C,U关心，关注；所关注的事The recent rise in pollution is a matter of considerable public concern.近来污染增多是民众极为关切的事。（2） vt.关系到，涉及；（对.）感兴趣Protecting the environment concerts all of us.保护环境跟我们大家都有关系。He doesnt concern himself with the debate.他对辩论不感兴趣。（词汇重现记忆法）【拓展】 be concerned with _ 和.有牵连；与.有关 be concerned about/for _ 担心，担忧 be concerned to do sth. _ 认为做某事重要 be concerned that. _ 担心. concern oneself with/about _ （对.）感兴趣 as/so far as.be concerned _就.而言；在.看来 express concern for sb. _ 表达对某人的关心【单词积累】concerned adj.关心的；关注的；忧虑的 concerning prep.关于词汇-8. Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.对生活在江中或沿岸的大量鱼类和野生生物来说，这也是个不好的消息。【句法分析】Nor is it.是倒装句。表示前面一种否定情况也适用于后者，常用“neither/nor+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构。He isnt a cheerful guy. Nor is his twin brother.他不是个乐观的家伙。他的双胞胎弟弟也不是。She cant get there at four. Nor can I.她不能在4点钟到那里，我也不能。误区警示： 如果后面连续有几个否定句式，则用nor,不用neitherHe cant sing, nor dance, nor skate.他不会唱歌，也不会跳舞、滑冰。【链接】若表示前面一种肯定情况也适用于后者，则用“so+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构。He is very concerned about the protection of white-flag dolphins, and so am I.他非常关注白鳍豚的保护，我也是。range n.v. 范围；一系列；视觉的或听觉得范围；包括（从.到.之间的）各类事物；在.范围内变化；排列【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1）Most people queuing up for tickets at the booking office are in the 18-30 age range. _ （2）The school provides children with a full range of activities. _（3）The spy came within the polices range of vision. _ （4）The child walked out of her range of vision. _（5）She has had a number of different jobs,ranging from chef to swimming instructor. _ 1. 在18岁到30岁之间； 2.一系列的活动； 3.进入了警方的视线； 4.走出了她的视线； 5.从厨师到游泳教练【搭配】a wide/broad/whole/full range of _ 一系列/各类.in/within range of _ 在视觉（或听觉）范围内out of range of _ 超出.的范围range from.to. _包括（各种不同的人或物）；（价格、水平、温度等）处于某个范围之内词汇-9. under way 在进行中【教材原句】Two special government projects are also under way. 政府的两个特殊项目也在实施中。【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1）The measures are well under way to fight against typhoons and floods. _ （2）Work is already under way to create a common trading system. _ 1. 采取措施与台风和洪水作斗争； 2. 建立共同贸易系统的工作已经在进行中了。【链接】under repair _ 在修理中 under treatment _ 在治疗中under consideration _在考虑中 under discussion _ 在讨论中under construction _在建设中 under control _ 在控制中under pressure _处在压力之下 under command _ 在指挥下The possibility of cutting back on production is still under discussion.减少产量的可能性仍在讨论中。Two new Customs buildings are currently under construction.两座新的海关大楼目前正在建设中。Im delighted to see that you have everything under control.我很高兴看到一切都在你的控制之中。词汇-10. in/with regard to 关于,至于【教材原句】We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangze River.要解决有关长江的所有问题，我们还有很长的一段路要走。（P38）【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1） They are very concerned about the rules in/with regard to training. _ （2）In regard to that topic, I have nothing to say. _1. 关于培训的规定； 2.关于那个话题【链接】have no regard for _ 对.不予关心/考虑pay/show regard for _ 对.表现出尊重/关注in this regard _在这方面/关于此事（指与前文提到的内容有关）with kind/best regards _ 谨致问候误区警示: regard作不可数名词时，表示“尊敬，敬佩；关注；考虑”，作可数名词时，其复数形式regards常表示“致意，问候”（用于表达问候或结束信函）。同学们可以结合这一点来记忆它所构成的短语，这样就不容易混淆。词汇-11. appreciate v. 欣赏；赏识；感激；感谢【教材原句】The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.中国政府和人名为保护这条深受人们热爱的河流所做出的努力会在未来得到赏识。 【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1） You cant really appreciate foreign novels in translation. _ （2） His idea raised in the debate was fully appreciated. _ （3） I deeply appreciated your timely help. _ 1. 看翻译作品你不能真正欣赏到外国小说的精髓； 2. 赏识； 3. 我很感激你的及时帮助学法点拨：表示“感激、喜欢、憎恨”的词通常用于下列句式：appreciate/like/dislike/hate it+if/when 从句We really appreciate it if you arrange this for us.如果你能替我们安排这事，我们很感激。I appreciated it when she offered to help.她主动提出帮忙了，我很感激。误区警示：appreciate当”感激”讲时，后跟名词、代词或动名词作主语，不能跟动词不定式。Appreciate + n./pron./v.-ing（）appreciate to do（×）We appreciate your helping us.appreciate 一般跟事或物做宾语，而thank往往跟人作宾语。She appreciated his kindness.=She thanked him for his kindness.她感激他的友善。词汇-12. let off 释放；饶恕；使爆炸【教材原句】Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.因此，我们消耗的汽油和电能越多，我们释放出的碳就越多。【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1） When our friends let off steam,we should be considerate towards them. _ （2） Ill let you off this time, but dont do it again. _（3） He is willing to join us in letting off fireworks. _ 1. 当我们的朋友发泄怒气的时候； 2. 我且饶过你这一回； 3. 放烟花【链接】let alone _ 更不用说，更谈不上（用于否定句之后）let down _ 使沮丧，使失望let out _ 发出（叫声等）；加宽，放大；透露词汇-13. 替代词that的用法【教材原句】Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than that produced by a car.尽管我们呼吸时产生碳，但呼出的碳要比一辆小汽车产生的碳少得多。（P.39）that 用来特指上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词。复数用those。The teachers attitude to the question is different from that of the girl.这位老师对这个问题的看法不同于那个女孩对该问题的看法。The goods made in our country are better than those imported.产于我们国家的这些货品要好于进口的货品。误区警示：one用来替代上文提到的同类事物中的一个，表泛指，相当于“a(n)+名词”，复数用ones; it指代上文提到的同一事物。词汇-14. in particular 尤其,特别，格外；特殊的；专门的；具体的【教材原句】In particular, metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce.尤其是金属产品和纸质产品需要大量能源来生产. （P39）【例句研读】翻译句中划线部分（1）He admitted having betrayed me, so I felt upset in particular. Before long I forgave him. _ （2）In regard to climate change and conservation of nature, I gave a special speech at the conference and now I have nothing in particular to say. _（3）Is there anything in particular youd like for dinner? _ 1. 因此我感到特别悲伤； 2. 现在没有什么特别要说的； 3. 晚饭你有特别想吃的吗？【一言辨异】I like meat in general, and mutton in particular. 总的来说我喜欢吃肉，特别是羊肉。【拓展】be particular about _ 对.讲究/挑剔词汇-15. last but not least 最后而非不重要的，最后但同样重要的【教材原句】Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.最后但同样重要的一点是，你可以植树，因为树能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳，释放出氧气。（P.39）Last but not least, I appreciate your concern and help.最后但同样重要的是，我感谢您的关心和帮助。【拓展】last of all _ 最后Last of all, Id like to thank everyone for coming. 最后，我要感谢各位的光临。absorb v. 吸收；合并，吞并；吸引；使专心；使全神贯注【搭配】absorb sth.(into.) _ 吸收某物.absorb oneself in (=be absorb in ) _ 某人被.吸引住，专注于Plants absorb carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen. 植物吸收二氧化碳，呼出氧气。Water, salts and oxygen are absorbed into our blood s