[研究生入学考试]考研作文教案.doc

考研作文教案 新东方 谭剑波 tangible bauble第一部分：认识作文一， 试卷结构：A（应用短文）+（essay, 图表图画）：100（标点除外），10，10：160200，20，30二，评分大法则：符合题意是前提.Not many mistakes +but all the points covered 60%2. A clear structure (三段式，干净，工整) 70%3. Ideas: logic, clear, persuasive, special 80%4. Some long sentences, complicated structures. (倒装，虚拟，复合，比较) 90%第二部分：应对策略 Part one,语言能力篇策略之一：了解错误+减少犯错：一 主谓一致的错误 1， 语法形式一致（ the number ofa number of）2， 意义上一致：形单意复，形复意单。 （People，police，cattle） 3， 就近一致 ： A or B, either A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but also B+谓语动词（与B一致）Practice: 1.Either your students or your friend(know, knows) this.2.The crowd_(is, are) running for their lives.3.The news_(was, were) very exciting.4. The public_(are/ is) requested not to little in the park. 5.The best fish_(smell, smells) when they are three days old. 6.Fish_(begin, begins) to stink at the head. 7. Wheat is a_(species, specie) of grass. 8.Shakespeares_(work, works)_(include, includes) plays and poems. 9.Ten thousand dollars_(is, are) more than I can afford. 10.The Selected Poems of LiBai_ (was, were) published long ago. 11.Our total earnings_(were, was) about forty dollars. (earnings, savings, findings, shortcomings, belongings, surroundings)12.Riches_(does, do) not always bring happiness. 13. My pains_(have, has) been rewarded.14.Your manners_(are, is) improving. (arms, ashes, brains, congratulations, contents, customs, funds, damages, fireworks, goods, outskirts, regards, suburbs, stairs, troops.) 15.Between the two windows_(hang, hangs) a picture. 句子翻译练习：戒烟对健康的重要性是毋庸置疑的。 全面发展自己和把握有利机会是大学生走向成功的两大最重要因素。二 时态语态错误：避免使用太难或拿不准的结构。原则：在合乎题目时态前提下，以一般现在时为主; 以一般将来时为辅；以一般过去时为补充；以虚拟语气为点缀。（尝试使用现在完成进行时：have been doing.） 三名词的数： 特殊单复数形式归纳 1. Bacterium， phenomenon，datum, medium, axis, basis, crisis 2. in the 1990s (1990s) a man in his 40s (40s) There are two fs in the word “office”. They came in twos and threes. 3. forget-me-not, grown-up, go-between, breakdown 4. aircraft, hovercraft, spacecraft (+s?) 5. five yuans? six jins?四. 介词搭配错误: 记单词要与介词一起记忆. 例子: insist on, persist in, assist, resist againstdiffer indiffer fromnear 专题：1).prep.(距离)近，靠近： a sign near the park(时间)逼近： Christmas is near.近似于，几乎： The accident happened near midnight. 2).vt. 接近，靠近；走近： to near the international level vi. 接近，临近；走近： He slowly neared to her. 五 冠词错误 1.An essential part 2. the + n. + of + n. 3.the + 单数= n的复数-表类别。the unknown(未知世界) the unemployed the good, the beautiful and the true.注意一些特例：Word came that the meeting would be held on Friday. Please send me word of your safe arrival. “word” 表“消息” 和 “通知” 时不加冠词，也不用复数。4. _(a, the) friend of my brothers5. He is rather a/ a rather fool. It is quite a/ a quite good book. She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. It is so difficult a book for us. Now I can see how serious a problem it is. two hours and a half=two and a half hours half a mile=a half milehalf an hour= a half hour (false: two and half an hours) Birds of a feather flock together. He is a man of an unyielding spirit. a burning/newly-risen sun a full moon a dark/ free world two score of people three score and ten people scores of people two dozen of people dozens of people六，单词拼写（要准确高效记忆）例子： 分开，辅助的，夸张，欣赏策略之二：词汇突破1. 通用词汇的改善：如连接词的运用改善. 第一, 第二, 第三, 一方面， 另一方面，等等。The most important factor we have to take into consideration is thatIt is also of great importance to ponder over thatBesides what is mentioned above, it is still of necessity to pay close attention to thatOn the one hand, on the other handSmoking is, on the one hand, very harmful to the health of the smokers themselves; it brings negative influence on the living environment around them, on the other（hand）.又如：but-howeverneverthelessnonetheless； sothereforein consequences， consequentlyWhat is more-more importantlymostlyTo sum up to be concluded in conclusion2. 各种话题有针对的重点突破：介绍 词汇方法，总结并高效记忆写作核心词汇。3. 作文考试百个精选替换词 1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant 2.common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit 11.competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish 16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) 17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) 18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental 19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) 20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel 21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than itreally is) 22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details) 23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political) 26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts) 28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it) 29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.) 31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize somethings large), tremendous(INFORMAL) 32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.) 33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.) 34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.based on=derived from 60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)=come into being64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=Formidable: 1. They climbed up the last part of the mountain in formidable weather conditions. 2. His mother is a most formidable lady.令人生畏 3. He was one of the most formidable intellects of his time.盖世奇才.4. It's a formidable task for me.68.change=convert(change into another form):To convert defeat into victoty.69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)：Standing in line should become a quintessential convention for any society.There is a lot of dialogue - some mundane and some touching on the quintessential aspects of the human experience.基本礼节。70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money): Affluent he may be, But he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. We live in an affluent society. 74.use= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing canattract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly): China's yuan, once the scrip of a communist state that scorned the very concept of money, has tracked the country's meteoric economic rise to become one of the most closely watched currencies in global capital markets.疾速而恢宏的经济崛起 87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual):Our minds are taken up with far more mundane things.我们的头脑充满了现实的问题。88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL): Notwithstanding she is beautiful,she doesn't think it goes for much. He still went home, notwithstanding the midnight.89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done: an avenue to success)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesnt happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish) 策略之三：句型突破长短交错+漂亮句型一优秀句子的衡量标准1.Use parallelism: to make the sentence clearer and easier to read by balancing the items in a pair or a series.eg. My job includes checking the inventory, initialing the orders, and to call the suppliers.- My job includes checking the inventory, initialing the orders, and calling the suppliers. The game-show contestant was told to be cheerful, charming, and with enthusiasm.- The game-show contestant was told to be cheerful, charming, and enthusiastic. Grandmother likes to read mystery novels, to do needlepoint, and browsing the Internet on her home computer.- Grandmother likes to read mystery novels, to do needlepoint, and to browse the Internet on her home computer.We painted the trim in the living room; the wallpaper was put up by a professional.- We painted the trim in the living room; a professional put up the wallpaper.2. Use a consistent point of view 1) Consistency with verbs. 2)Consistency with pronouns One of the fringe benefits of my job is that you can use a company credit card for gasoline.- One of the fringe benefits of my job is that I can use a company credit card for gasoline.3. Use specific words: Specific words create pictures in the readers mind. She walked down the street.-Anne wandered slowly along Rogers Lane. Animals came into the place.-Hungry lions padded silently into the sawdust-covered arena. 4. Use active verbs: in general, active verbs are more effective than passive verbs. Active verbs give your writing a simpler and more vigorous style. 5. Use concise words: to avoid lazy and careless writing full of wordiness-using more words than necessary to express meaning. In this paper, I am planning to describe the hobby that I enjoy of collecting old comic books.-I enjoy collecting comic books. In Bens opinion, he thinks that cable television will change and alter our lives in the future.-Ben thinks that cable television will change our lives. 6. Vary your sentences: to create variety and interest in your writing style. 1).Add a second complete thought(coordination) and, but, so, 2).Add a dependent thought (subordination) after, although, though, because, even if, in order that, unless, until, whether 3). Begin with a special