华中科技大学《项目管理》第三章.ppt

2019/2/9,1,Chapter 3: Project Integration Management,2019/2/9,2,Learning Objectives,Understand the importance of project integration management Describe an overall framework for project integration management Describe project plan development and the key components of a good project plan Explain project plan execution and key aspects of getting work results Describe the integrated change control process and the creation of project plan updates, corrective action, and lessons learned,2019/2/9,3,Chapter Outline,What is Project Integration Management? Project Plan Development Project Plan Execution Overall Change Control Change Control on IT Projects Change Control System,2019/2/9,4,3.1 What is Project Integration Management?,2019/2/9,5,The definition of project integration management*,Project integration management is the processes involved in coordinating all of the other project management knowledge areas throughout a project's life cycle.,2019/2/9,6,The Key to Overall Project Success: Good Project Integration Management,Project managers must coordinate all of the other knowledge areas throughout a projects life cycle Many new project managers have trouble looking at the “big picture” and want to focus on too many details Project integration management is not the same thing as software integration,2019/2/9,7,Project Integration Management Overview,Note: The PMBOK Guide includes similar charts for each knowledge area.,2019/2/9,8,Framework for Project Integration Management,Focus on pulling everything to- gether to reach project success!,2019/2/9,9,Project Integration Management Processes,Three main processes Project Plan Development: taking the results of other planning processes and putting them into a consistent, coherent documentthe project plan Project Plan Execution: carrying out the project plan Integrated Change Control: coordinating changes across the entire project,2019/2/9,10,2019/2/9,11,3.2 Project Plan Development,2019/2/9,12,Planning Processes,2019/2/9,13,Project Plan Development,A project plan is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents Its purposes are to guide project execution Document project planning assumptions Document project planning decision regarding alternatives chosen Facilitate communication among stakeholder Provide a baseline for progress measurement and project control,2019/2/9,14,Attributes of Project Plans,Just as projects are unique, so are project plans Plans should be updated as changes occur Plans should first and foremost guide project execution Plans should be dynamic Plans should be flexible,2019/2/9,15,Common Elements of a Project Plan,Introduction or overview of the project Description of how the project is organized Management and technical processes used on the project Work to be done Schedule budget,2019/2/9,16,Sample Outline for a Project Management Plan,2019/2/9,17,Sample Outline for a Software Project Management Plan (SPMP),2019/2/9,18,Contents of a project plan,2019/2/9,19,2019/2/9,20,Stakeholder Analysis,A stakeholder analysis documents important (often sensitive) information about stakeholders such as stakeholders names and organizations roles on the project unique facts about stakeholders level of influence and interest in the project suggestions for managing relationships,2019/2/9,21,Sample Stakeholder Analysis,2019/2/9,22,3.3 Project Plan Execution,2019/2/9,23,Project Plan Execution,Project plan execution involves managing and performing the work described in the project plan The majority of time and money is usually spent on execution project managers must practice what they preach - should follow their own plans,2019/2/9,24,Executing processes,2019/2/9,25,What Went Wrong?,Many people have a poor view of plans based on past experiences. Senior managers often require a plan, but then no one follows up on whether the plan was followed. Why should project members feel obligated to follow their own plans when the project manager obviously did not follow his?,2019/2/9,26,Important Skills for Project Execution,General management skills like leadership, communication, and political skills Product skills and knowledge because the products of the project are produced during execution Use of specialized tools and techniques,2019/2/9,27,Tools and Techniques for Project Execution,Work Authorization System: a method for ensuring that qualified people do work at the right time and in the proper sequence Status Review Meetings: regularly scheduled meetings used to exchange project information Project Management Software: special software to assist in managing projects,2019/2/9,28,3.4 Integrated Change Control,2019/2/9,29,Integrated Change Control,Integrated change control* involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle Three main objectives of change control: Influence the factors that create changes to ensure they are beneficial Determine that a change has occurred Manage actual changes when and as they occur,*Note: 1996 PMBOK called this process “overall change control”,2019/2/9,30,Controlling Processes,2019/2/9,31,Integrated Change Control Process,2019/2/9,32,Change Control on IT Projects,Former view: The project team should strive to do exactly what was planned on time and within budget Problem: Stakeholders rarely agreed up-front on the project scope, and time and cost estimates were inaccurate Modern view: Project management is a process of constant communication and negotiation Solution: Changes are often beneficial, and the project team should plan for them,2019/2/9,33,Change Control System(CCS),A formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents and work may be changed Describes who is authorized to make changes and how to make them CCS includes change control board (CCB) configuration management communicating changes,2019/2/9,34,Change Control Boards (CCBs),A formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes on a project Provides guidelines for preparing change requests evaluates them manages the implementation of approved changes Includes stakeholders from the entire organization,2019/2/9,35,Making Timely Changes,Some CCBs only meet occasionally, so it may take too long for changes to occur Some organizations have policies in place for time-sensitive changes “48 hour policy” Delegate changes to the lowest level possible, but keep everyone informed of changes,2019/2/9,36,Configuration Management,Ensures that the products and their descriptions are correct and complete Configuration management specialists Identify the functional and physical design characteristics of products Control changes, record and report changes Audit the products to verify conformance to requirements,2019/2/9,37,Suggestions for Managing Integrated Change Control,View project management as a process of constant communications and negotiations Plan for change Establish a formal change control system, including a Change Control Board (CCB) Use good configuration management Define procedures for making timely decisions on smaller changes Use written and oral performance reports to help identify and manage change Use project management and other software to help manage and communicate changes,2019/2/9,38,Quick Quiz,What are the three main processes of integration management? What is the main purpose of a project plan? What project management tool can you use to help manage relationships with different people involved in your project?,ANSWER: project plan development, project plan execution, and integrated change control,ANSWER: to facilitate action or guide project execution,ANSWER: a stakeholder analysis,2019/2/9,39,Assignment,Develop an outline (major headings and subheadings only) for a project plan to create a Web site for your class, and then fill in the details for the introduction or overview section. Assume that this Web site would include a home page with links to a syllabus for the class, lecture notes or other instructional information, links to other Web sites with project management information, and links to personal pages for each member of your class and future classes. Also include a bulletin board and chat room feature where students and the instructor can exchange information. Assume your instructor is the projects sponsor, you are the project manager, your classmates are your project team, and you have up to one year to complete the project.,