CET-4四级英语作文常用词组常用句型技巧.ppt

四级作文,起：起动观点，开篇点题,常用词或词组： first, firstly; first of all; first and foremost in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another; on the one hand, on the other hand; at present, recently, lately, now; to begin with,常用句型：,Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of Recently, the issue of has been brought to public attention. When it comes to, peoples attention may vary from one to another. When asked about ., different people will hold different opinions. With the development of , the problem of has become increasingly serious. Nowadays, plays an increasingly important role in our everyday life.,承：观点的承接，即正面论证,常用词或词组： besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, whats more; the last but not the least, last but not least; more importantly, even worse; at the same time, meanwhile,常用句型：,To understand the point of , it is necessary to discuss/analyze There is no denying that It is reported that A close study of will probably make this point clear. We must recognize that Some people hold the view that while other people argue that,转：观点的转折，即反面论证,基础不很好的同学，仅使用正面论证即可；基础较好的同学，如果要得高分，需要使用反面论证；尽量使用其他人可能不怎么用的，但最好是你确实背过的句子 常用词或词组： nevertheless, yet, still, whereas=while; instead, in contrast, by comparison, by contrast, in comparison, on the contrary, conversely; unfortunately,合：文章结尾，合并归纳。,常用词或词组： thus, hence, accordingly, therefore; in brief, in short, in conclusion, in summary, in general, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, to sum up, generally speaking, briefly speaking, on the whole, eventually, as far as I can see; it goes without saying that;,常用句型：,On the basis of the analyses above, we may confidently come to a conclusion that From what has been discussed above, we may safely conclude that Judging from all the evidence offered, we may arrive at a conclusion that There is a certain truth in both arguments, but I believe that advantages of outweigh its disadvantages. Its high time (是该做某事的时候了) that we tried every means to put an end to It is obvious that effective measures must be immediately taken to solve the problem.,学习方法：70%实力+30%技巧,写作相对是个技巧性比较差的板块，短期内想大幅提高比较难。 英语基础较差的同学：简单原则，安全第一。 用词用句尽量用简单的。与其写一个错误的复杂句，不如写一个正确的简单句。 减少错误。只要错误不是太严重，取得及格分基本没有什么问题。 英语基础较好的同学：句子结构、用词应丰富多变。 四级作文最好写三段。,积累写作词汇,事实上，每个考生都掌握了大量的词汇。但由于平时使用得较少，使很多词汇处于“休眠状态”。 四级写作并非要求考生使用生僻词汇，不要千篇一律地使用“I think，或“This is a serious problem” 的语句，会令阅卷老师产生心理疲倦，这样的作文自然很难得到高分。 在平时的学习中，考生要熟记一些能让作文“生辉”的词汇，避免反复使用同一词汇和表达方式。 ,词语搭配,学习知识：obtain/acquire knowledge learn knowledge (错误) 根据他的意见：in his opinion according to his opinion(错误) 价格太贵: The price is too high The price is too expensive(错误) 我们赢了你们队: We have beaten your team We have won your team(错误) 他的耳朵聋了: He is deaf His ears are deaf(错误),在考场使用的高分词汇：,（1） be important-be of importancebe of significance 【原句】 The Internet is very important to us 【修改】 The Internet is of great importance to us The Internet is of great significance to us (2) It is important that-It is essentialvital that 【原句】It is important that we recognize the situation in this new era(时代) 【修改】It is essentialvital that we recognize the situation in this new era.,(3) be seriousbe of consequence 【原句】This matter is very serious 【修改】This matter is of great consequence (4) more and more+adj-increasingly+adj， 【原句】The Internet is become more and more popular among young people. 【修改】The Internet is becoming increasingly popular among young people. (5) more and more+sb.sth.-there is an increasing number of sb.sth. doing 【原句】Nowadays，more and more women choose to go out to work. 【修改】Nowadays, an increasing number of women choose to go out to work.,(6) many+ sb.-the majority ofquite a few + sb many+ sth.-a great many +sth./a sea of + sth 【原句】Many parents think the mobile phone will help them to maintain contact with their children 【修改】Quite a few parents think the mobile phone will help them to maintain contact with their children 【修改】The majority of parents think the mobile phone will help them to maintain contract with their children 【原句】There ale many reasons behind it 【修改】There is a sea of reasons behind it.,(7) In factAs a matter of fact/ In reality/Virtually (speaking) / Practically 【原句】In fact，either of the choices has advantages and disadvantages 【修改】As a matter of facteither of the choices has advantages and disadvantages 【修改】In reality，either of the choices has advantages and disadvantages 【修改】Virtuallyeither of the choices has advantages and disadvantages 【修改】Practically (speaking)，either of the choices has advantages and disadvantages,(8) andas well as(and前后连接并列名词时，可考虑此用法) 【原句】There are advantages and disadvantages 【修改】There are advantages as well as disadvantages (9) discuss-debatebe of controversy 【原句】This issue has been widely discussed 【修改】This issue has been widely debated 【修改】This issue has been of great controversy,(10) get-obtainacquire 【原句】Those who study abroad want to get knowledge 【修改】Those who study abroad want to obtainacquire knowledge (11) want to do sth-intend to do sthdesire to do sth 【原句】Some students want to work in a foreign enterprise after graduation 【修改】Some students intend to work in a foreign enterprise after graduation 【修改】Some students desire to work in a foreign enterprise after graduation,(12) face confront 【原句】Young graduates are faced with countless problems today 【修改】Young graduates are confronted with countless problems today (13) think thatbelieveholdmaintain 【原句】Some people think online education is a new approach to learning 【修改】Some people hold that online education is a new approach to learning 【修改】Some people maintain that online education is a new approach to learning,Some people think after a woman has got married, she should give up her job, but there are other people who think that women should work outside to maintain their economic independence. They think in this way,避免重复英文的写作习惯是尽量避免词汇重复：在需要重复表达同一事物或概念时，尽量用同义词或其它指代方法进行替代。,【修改】Some people believe after a woman has go married, she should give up her job, but there are other people who hold the opinion that women should work outside to maintain their economic independenceThey think in this way,1将简单句变为从句 【原句】This cake is deliciousI like it very muchI want to buy some for my parents 2将多个简单句变为：(形容词、分词短语)+主句 【原文】That day, I spent the whole morning with my teacher in his officeWe discussed a project which we would conduct the next semester,句子层面多样化,【修改】This cake is delicious，so I like it very much and I want to buy some for my parents,【修改】That day, I spent the whole morning with my professor in his office，discussing a project to be conducted the next semester,3将并列句变为主从句或主从结构 【原文】The man has shown quite strong ability in leadership and he will soon be promoted *根据自己的英语水平，选择句子结构,【修改】Having shown quite strong ability in leadership，the man will soon be promote,近年四级写作试题主要分为四种文体。 一、议论文 二、说明文 三、记叙文 四、应用文,议论文用以陈述各种理由，与说明文有所不同。 说明文着重于客观陈述，而议论文着重于发表自己的主观看法；说明文着重于解释，而议论文着重于“劝说”。这种劝说要依靠推理和论证来阐述自己的观点，力图说服读者，使人相信某种道理或某种假设。 所以，议论文要观点明确，不要空洞或泛泛而谈；论据充分、有力，论证严密。 近年来，议论文命题出现频率较高。,一、议论文,议论文类型,原因分析型 对比选择型 观点论证型 说明利弊型 问题解决型,原因分析型,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Due Attention should be Given to Spelling? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种现象的原因是 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为,原因分析型,写作模式 第一段 描述现象 第二段 解释这种现象产生或存在的原因 第三段 提出解决问题的建议或总结观点,原因分析型：高分模版,Nowadays/Recently,_. As a result/ Thus, _ There are various reasons accounting/ responsible for _. For one thing, _. For another, _. In addition to, _. As far as I am concerned, _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _. In a word, _. 开门见山，描述现象 说明该现象造成的结果或影响 承上启下，表明产生上述现象原因是多方面的 - 具体分析产生上述现象的各种原因 提出解决问题的方法 得出结论，总结全文,作文练习,For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Food Contamination You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 最近常有食品安全问题出现 2. 食品安全问题危害很大 3. 你认为应该如何解决该问题,对比选择型2008年6月,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Recreational Activities? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 娱乐活动多种多样 2. 娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能带来危害 3. 作为大学生，我认为,对比选择型,写作模式 第一段 提出要讨论的主题，说明人们对此看 法不一 第二段 分别论述人们对此事物或现象的看法 及原因 第三段 表明自己的观点并给出理由,对比选择型：高分模版,In recent years, when it comes to _. peoples opinions vary from person to person some people believe/think _mainly because _. However, other people argue that _. First of all, _. second, _. In addition, _. As far as I am concerned, I give my support to_. on one hand, _. On the other hand, _ 提出要讨论的主题 点明存在的不同观点 指出一些人的看法及原因 转折，引出另一些人的看法 - 分析另一些人的原因 表明作者的观点 分析支持作者观点的理由,观点论证型2009年12月,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Creating a Green Campus? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 建设绿色校园十分重要 2. 绿色校园不仅是指绿色的环境 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该,观点论证型,写作模式 第一段 引出话题，表明观点 第二段 给出论据，解释观点 第三段 提出建议或重申观点,观点论证型：高分模版,During recent years, _ has aroused widely/considerably public attention. Undoubtedly, /There is no doubt that _. As we all know, _ plays an important role in _. For one thing, _. For another, _. Meanwhile, _. Considering the above situation, measures should be taken to _. First of all/ In the first place, _. Furthermore, _. Only in this way can we _ 开门见山引出话题 肯定该事物存在的意义，表明自己的观点 承接上文，叙述该事物的重要性 - 例举论证，证明观点 承接前文，提出自己的建议 指出应该采取的措施 强调观点，总结全文,说明利弊型,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Free Admissions to Museums? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是. 2. 有人认为这样做会带来一些问题 3. 在我看来,说明利弊型2009年6月,写作模式 第一段 说明某现象或事物带来的好处/弊端 第二段 说明该现象或事物可能会带来的问题 /利益 第三段 阐述自己的看法或建议,说明利弊型：高分模版,Nowadays/ Recently, _. By doing so, it/ they can help _ and _. However, some people believe/ view that_ . For one thing, _. For another, _. In addition, _. As far as I am concerned , _. The reason lies in the fact that _. whats more/ Moreover, _. I hope/ expect to see _. 开门见山引出话题 说明该事物带来的好处 转折后，说明带来的弊端 - 具体说明其弊端所在 提出自己的观点 分点论述作者的观点 提出希望，总结全文,问题解决型2010.12,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How should Parents Help Children to be Independent? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立，父母应该,问题解决型,写作模式 第一段 描述现象，提出问题 第二段 分析问题可能产生的后果 第三段 提出解决问题的方法或建议,问题解决型：高分模版,Nowadays/ In recent years, _becomes more and more of a problem in _. Whats worse, _. It is not usual to witness that_ . Consequently, _. whats worse, _. Therefore, it is high time that we took actions to _. In my opinion, on the one hand , _. On the other hand, _. In addition, _. Only through these ways can we _ 引入话题 指出该现象存在的问题 用实例证明这已成为普遍的社会问题 - 分析这一问题带来的后果 乘上启下，说明解决该问题的必要性 具体阐述解决问题的方法 总结全文，倒装句强调采取这些方法的重要性,1999年6月四级作文：议论文写作：读书是否应该有选择性去读 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 有人认为读书要有选择 2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的看法,当年发生的大事,Directions: (2003年9月) 1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况 2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的 3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是 The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured) Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag （2008年12月） 1.一次性塑料袋的使用 2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义,二、说明文,说明文，顾名思义，常用于说明事实、情况和传达信息。写作目的重在解释、说明。 【例6】2001年1月大学英语四级考试作文题： How to Succeed in a Job Interview? 1面试在求职过程中的作用。 2取得面试因素：仪表，举止谈吐，能力，专业知识，自信，实事求是,需要注意，四级作文往往不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的混合体。如(2008.6) Recreational Activities 1) 娱乐活动多种多样； （说明文） 2) 娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能带来危害； （议论文） 3) 作为大学生， 我认为 （议论文） 总体来讲，本文属于权衡利弊型的议论文。 认真的分析，又如“说明文”部分所列出的真题，大多都属于议论性说明文。所以比较难界定四级题目到底哪个是议论文，那个是说明文，所以将上面两类合并为“论说文”。,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象 2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实,2003年1月,三、记叙文,记叙文，即叙述一个事件，to tell a story。较少考。 【例4】2003年6月大学英语四级考试作文题： An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident 假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 车祸发生的时间及地点。 你所见到的车祸情况。 你对车祸原因的分析。,四、应用文(Practical Writing),通知（announcement) (06-08年：2考) 口头作文 书信作文 海报 简历,通知(announcement),2006年6月英语四级作文 An announcement for a voluntary program 1：校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动，现招聘志愿者 2：本次志愿者活动目的 内容及安排 3：报名条件和联系方式 2007年6月四级作文题目 申请加入一个社团 An announcement to welcome students to join to a club Welcome to our club 1、 本社团的主要活动内容 2、 参加本社团的好处 3、 如何加入本社团,口头作文,【例7】2004年6月大学英语四级考试作文试题： Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines： Your role：a tour guide Your audience：a group of foreign tourists Your introduction should include the following： some welcoming words the schedule for the day a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (ega scenic spot or a historical site，etc) You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody,2005年1月,Directions: A Campaign Speech 1、你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作？ 2、 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？,书信作文,【例8】 2001年6月大学英语四级作文试题： A letter to a SchoolmateSuppose you are Zhang Ying· 要求：Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the weeklong holiday 1表示欢迎。 2提出对度假安排的建议。 3提醒应注意的事项。,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President,2002年1月,海报,【例9】 2006年6月大学英语四级考试作文试题： Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese： 1校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。 2本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等。 3报名条件及联系方式。,图表作文：2002年6月,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write