2019年高中语法词汇提高 三， 名词性从句.doc

高中语法词汇提高 三， 名词性从句优能中学语法教案-名词性从句直击高考版课程类型：高考英语学生类型：高三在读课程时长：3小时课程目标：高考名词性从句语法单选题目不错题课程内容：1.名词性从句的基本使用2.名词性从句在高考中的考点分布3.名词性从句在高考中的重难点辨析4.达标检测5.课后作业课程重点：1.名词性从句中引导词的意义和用法2.由判断句子成分引发的句子的特殊结构3.连接代词what的四个层次的用法4.连接副词where的用法5.同位语从句用法教学方法：成分分析法+语义理解课程难点：1、引导词的用法和区别2、同位语从句(非北京地区)课后作业：幽默励志：Education is that which remains when one has forgotten everything he learned in school. Einstein教育是在学校所学知识遗忘后剩下的东西。-爱因斯坦It is more valuable to seek truth than to own it. Einstein对真理的追求比对真理的占有更为可贵。-爱因斯坦What is important to astudent's achievement is that he can make gradual progress increasingly and orderly.-Liang Chi-chao学问之功，贵乎循序渐进，经久不息。-梁启超There are two motives for reading abook：one that you enjoy it；the other that you can boast about it.-Bertrand Russell读书有两种动机：一是从中获得乐趣；另一种则是可以向人夸耀。-罗素Dream what you want to dream；go where you want to go；be what you want to be，because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.名词性从句在06-10年高考中的考点分布(1)名词性从句在06-10年高考中的考点分布(2)内容讲解：一、名词性从句基本概念，一个句子相当于名词或名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1.1名词性从句中的名词性的基本含义1.The news is certain.2.That prices for vegetables will go up is certain.第一个句子中The news是名词做句子中的主语。第二个句子，是The prices for vegetables will go up这个从句充当句子的主语，这个从句和the news这个名词具有相同的性质。因此称之为名词性从句。此时，这个从句在整个主句中充当主语成分即为主语从句。I think that you should turn to your teacher for help.从句在整个主句中充当宾语即为宾语从句。The fact is that we should rely on ourselves rather than others.从句在整个主句中充当表语时即为表语从句。They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.从句在整个句子中充当同位语时即为同位语从句。二、名词性从句分类2.1主语从句基本形式1.That Tom failed the exam made his father very disappointed.2.That he is the cleverest student in our class is out of question.3.Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.2.1.1形式主语,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：2.1.1.1 It+be+名词+that从句(a fact,a pity,an honor,a common knowledge,a surprise,no wonder,our hope)It is acommon knowledge that light travels faster than sound does.It is apity that you didn't go to see the film with us.2.1.1.2 It+be+形容词+that从句(necessary,important,surprising,strange,unbelievable,incredible)用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(should)+do"：It is obvious that you've made amistake.It is likely that she can't attend your wedding.It is strange that you(should)trust Jane,she is aliar.It is incredible that you(should)win the game.2.1.1.3 It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(reported,said,announced,believed,known.)2.1.1.3.1下列表建议,要求,命令的动词后要用虚拟(suggested,advised,ordered，requested,insisted,required,demand)It was reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.It was believed that the earth was flat It is suggested that you should do more exercise to improve your English.It is ordered that the building should be explored as soon as possible.(10朝阳一模)It has been roved _taking exercise regularly does good to one's health.A.whether B.when C.what D.that 2.1.1.4 It+不及物动词+that从句(appear,seem,happen,turn out)It turned out that that beggar was amillionaire.It happened to me that Ihad no money with me then.It appears that the little girl is 5years.It occurred to me that we had been out of touch for along time.2.2表语从句1.The reason why jack came late is that he played computer games till midnight.2.3宾语从句1.I think that you should turn to your teacher for help.2.He suggested that we should read English more than half an hour each day.3.I am not sure whether/if she lives there after so many years.2.3.1宾语从句的语序名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m),whose,which,what和连接副词when,where,why等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如：which；whose which和whose也可以引导名词性从句,分别表示"哪个(些)"和"谁的"。它们在从句中作定语，后面接名词连用。(2010，上海)When changing lanes,a driver should use his turning signal to let others drivers know _A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering(10海底二模) Did you telephone Uncle Sam our plan for the Christmas holidays on his farm?-Yes,he was happy about our arrival,and he eagerly asked when _.A.has we arrived B.we had arrived C.were we arriving D.we were arriving 2.4同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether以及连接代词和连接副词引导。2.4.1同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,hope,idea,news,doubt,suggestion,information,opinion,decision,discovery,truth,promise,statement,problem,rule等的后面Where did you get the idea that Icould not come?We haven't yet settled the question where we are going tspend our summer vacation.2.4.2 whether用法Whether在连接同位语从句的时候，先行词problem,question居多，表达一种不确定的概念。I have no idea whether he'll come or not.2.4.3当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself.(05浙江15)Danby left word with my secretary _he would call again in the afternoon.A.who B.that C.as D.which 2.4.4使用虚拟语气的同位语从句在一些表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.He made the suggestion that we go by train.三、名词性从句的一般引导词四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中作作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。如下表：连接词that,if,whether连接代词who,whom,what,whose,which,whichever,whatever,whoever连接副词when,where,how,why不确定whether/if强调时间when/whenever强调程度修饰a./advhow/however强调地点where/wherever强调原因why that whose物what人who/whom/whoever选择性which/whichever句义完整句义不完整缺主、宾缺定语根据选项特点、句子结构判断从句类型成分残缺成分完整3.1连接词3.1.1连接词that that只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如：I hope(that)you enjoy your holiday.That he likes you is very obvious.3.1.1.1 that引导名词性从句的省略情况3.1.1.1 that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.3.1.1.2 that引导宾语从句时一般可省略，但在以下几种情况中不能省略。1)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时不能省；2)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时不能省略；3)当that作介词宾语时不能省略。He judged that,because he was achild,he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.China's success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.A.what B.which C.不填D.it that 3.1.2连接词whether/if连词whether和if本身有意义(解释是否)，在从句中不可省略。3.1.2.1 whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。I didn't know whether he would attend the concert.宾语从句，可用if代替whether The question is whether it sworth trying.表语从句,不可用if代替whether Whether she comes or not makes no difference.主语从句，不可用if代替whether He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.同位语从句，不可用if代替whether 3.1.2.2 whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。It all depends on whether they will support us.不用if Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings.3.1.2.3 if既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。Please let me know if you want to join us.if引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，if表示是否Please let me know if you want to join us.if引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if表示如果Please let me know whether you want tjoin us.为避免引起歧义，可用whether表示是否主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句跟及物动词跟介词That一般不省略可以省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略Whether/if放句首只用whether均可，但有区别只用whether只用whether只用whether(09海淀一模)Kevin consulted his teacher about _he should study abroad after graduation.A.whether B.where C.when D.that(05天津2)Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth.A./B.whether C.how D.what 3.2连接代词who(m),whose,which,what等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：That's why she wanted to leave.When we arrive doesn't matter.Tell me which one you like best.3.2.1 what用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中出现主语、宾语表语残缺时使用。(08北京东城一模)After _was about ten minutes,the teacher gave the students the correct answer to the question.A.that B.it C.which D.what(09江苏)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _could be life's most important decision-marriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what 3.2.2 whoever,whatever,whichever等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为"所的一切事或东西"、"任何的人"、""的任可人或物"等。如：Whoever wants the book may have it.I'll do whatever Ican to help him.Buy whichever is cheapest.It is generally considered unwise to give achild _he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 3.3连接副词when,where,why,how等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如：The question is how we should carry out the plan.When she'll be back depends much on the weather.Why he did it will remain apuzzle forever.3.3.1 Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。如：-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _you had afew days off?A.why B.when C.that D.where-Do you remember _he came?-Yes,I do,he came by car.A.How B.when C.that D.if(09东城一模)My parents don't care _my pocket money goes,but one thing is for sure：the money spent must be worthwhile.A.why B.when C.where D.how(10海淀一模) It's reported that the new underground line has been completed.-Yes,but it hasn't been made clear_ it's to be opened to traffic.A.that B.who C.what D.when(10湖南)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why(10全国)We haven't discussed yet _we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where 3.3.2why与because的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因。如：I had acold.That's why Ididn't come.I didn't come.That's because Ihad acold.四、名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况4.1在表示"命令、建议、坚持、要求"的名词性从句中，要用"should+动词原形"形式，should可以省略。I made asuggestion that he(should)go there at once.I suggested that he(should)go there at once.The suggestion was that he(should)go there at once.4.2 wish引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，分与现在、过去、将来相反三种情况。I wish Iwere ten years younger.I wish you had posted the letter yesterday.I wish Iwould try again.4.3在句型"It+is/was+adj.+主语从句"中，如果形容词是important,strange,natural,necessary等，从句谓语部分要用"should+动词原形"形式，should可以省略。It's strange that he(should)think so.It is necessary that he(should)go there at once.五、高考中的重难点辨析5.1连接代词what作为高频考点的四个层次通常来讲，我们上课总会强调what是当缺少成分的使用。现在问题的关键就是如何判断句子是缺少成分的?主谓宾大家都会判别但是如果句式变化难度递增呢?5.1.1从句结构为主谓宾时(10浙江)-How about camping this weekend,just for achange?-OK,_ you want.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever(09江苏34)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _could be life's most important decision-marriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what(10福建)We should respect food and think about the people who don't have _we have here and treat food nicely.A.that B.which C.what D.whether 5.1.2从句的结构为主谓双宾时(10天津)As anew graduate,he doesn't know _it takes to start abusiness here.A.how B.what C.When D.which(10北京)_ some people regard as adrawback is seen as aplus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How(08北京30)The companies are working together to create _they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.A.which B.that C.what D.who 5.1.3介词+what介宾结构(10湖北)I want to be liked and loved for _I am inside.A.who B.where C.w hat D.how(10山东)Before the sales start,I make alist of _my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which 5.1.4 what引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。如：I gave him what books Ihad.He gave me what money he had about him.(10浙江)It is uncertain _side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.A.that B.what C.how D.whether(05湖南35)I was surprised by her words，which made me recognize _silly mistakes Ihad made.A.what B.that C.how D.which 5.2 where的用法5.2.1 where作为从句中主谓宾结构完整时，关系副词使用(10全国)We haven't discussed yet _we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where 5.2.2 where在主谓结构中的使用5.2.2.1普通不及物动词构成主谓结构(04全国31)You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is Idisagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how(10江苏35)-I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-That's _I don't agree.You should have amore active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what 5.2.2.2被动语态构成主谓结构(08陕西8)Tomorrow is Tom's birthday.Have you got any idea _the party is to be held?A.what B.which C.that D.where 5.2.3 where在主系表结构中的使用(07浙江5)Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?That's the best jobs are.A.where B.what C.when D.why(09山东)The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A.where B.what C.how D.who 5.3引导同位语从句与定语从句的that的区别同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分且不能省略，同位语从句一般放在有具体含义的名词后，用以解释名词的含义或内容；而定语从句中的关系代词that在从句中充当主语或宾语，在充当宾语时常可省略，定语从句是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.5.4引导名词性从句的that和what的区别that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义，只起连接作用,且在宾语从句中有时可省略；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。That he said so made us angry.What he said at the meeting made us angry.China is no longer what it used to be._ we can't get seems better than _we have.A.What；what B.what；that C.That；that D.That；what _caused the accident is still acomplete mystery.A.What B.That C.How D.Where 5.5疑问词+ever和no matter+疑问词的区别5.5.1疑问词+ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished.5.5.2 no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter who breaks the rule,he must be punished.No matter what you do,you must do it well.5.6形式主语、形式宾语5.6.1形式主语当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。例如：_ is afact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 5.6.2形式宾语动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。think,find,consider,believe,feel等动词后常带复合宾语。例如：Many people think it possible that atrade war between EU and the States will happen.六、方法技巧点拨6.1先判断从句的类型，即是否是名词性从句。6.2然后判断从句是否缺少成分以、意义是否完整特殊句型结构6.3最后根据引导名词性从句的连词的特点确定特定的连接词七、课后习题1.(05全国)Mary wrote an article on_ the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that 2.(05重庆)The old lady's hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor _this shaking had begun half ayear before，and _，only because of this，she had been forced to give up her job.A.when；how B.how；when C.how；how D.why；why 3.(08天津)The last time we had great fun was _we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 4.(08重庆)People in Chongqing are proud of _they have achieved in the past ten years.A.that B.which C.what D.how 5.(08山东)was most important to her,she told me,was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.As 6.(09天津)It is obvious to the students _they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that 7.(09浙江)-Is there any possibility _you could pick me up at the airport?-No problem.A.When B.that C.whether D.what 8.(09重庆)We should consider the students'request _the school library provide more books on popular science.A.that B.when C.which D.where 9.(09江苏)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be life's most important decision-marriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what 10.(09山东)The little girl who got lost dec