名词.ppt

第6课时 名词,一、名词后缀 二、名词单复数 三、名词所有格,名词,名词在句中多用来作主语、宾语、表语和定语。在英语应用能力考试中，要求考生根据题意把括号里所给的词变成名词。 1. 所填词的特征 前有物主代词如my, his, her, their, our, your, its 等 前有冠词如a, an, the 前有形容词如large, clever, foolish等 前有冠词+形容词如 that ancient, the clever 等 前有不定代词many, much, a few, a little, several 等 2. 所填词多为抽象名词或表示人的名词。如decision, illness, protection 等,(一)常见名词后缀,表示人的名词后缀： 1）-al crime-criminal, 2) an Canada Canadian, Australia-Australian, history historian, music musician 3) ant account accountant, assist assistant 4) ar/ er/ or beg-beggar, lie liar, operate operator, survive survivor, law lawyer village villager, 5) ee employ employee, interview interviewee, 6) ist science scientist, tour tourist, journal journalist, physics physicist,抽象名词后缀： 1）- ance/ ence exist existence, depend dependence, confident confidence, different difference, important importance, distant distance intelligent intelligence, appear appearance 2) th deep depth, true truth, warm warmth, wide width, dead death, long length, strong strength, grow growth, high height 3) ment move movement, developdevelopment, arrange arrangement, equip equipment, judge judgment,常见名词后缀,抽象名词后缀： 4) tion/ ation/ ion discuss discussion, pollute pollution, decide decision, conclude-conclusion, educate-education, operate-operation, invent invention, protect protection, predict prediction, organize organization, inform-information, consider consideration imagine-imagination, invite invitation, 5) ing find findings, build building, paint painting,抽象名词后缀： 6) ness ill illness, carefulcarefulness, careless carelessness, kind kindness, weak weakness, helpless helplessness, 7) age short shortage, marry marriage, advance advantage 8) ty certain certainty, various variety, honest honesty,抽象名词后缀： 9) al survive-survival, arrive-arrival, propose-proposal, approve approval, refuse refusal, withdraw withdrawal 10) ity able ability , capable-capability responsible responsibility, real reality possible possibility, necessary necessity, visible visibility nation nationality,名词加词缀变换为其他词性的情况,名词加词缀变换为其他词性的情况,(二)、可数名词 1. 名词复数规则变化,(1)、一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys (2)、以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 (3)、以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orangeoranges。,(4)、以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。 (5)、以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes, negro negroes但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。 (6)、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。,2. 常见不规则变化的可数名词复数形式,1. Man 2. woman 3. foot 4.tooth 5.child,6.fish-fish/fishes 7. sheep 8.ox 9. deer 10.mouse,2. 常见不规则变化的可数名词复数形式,1. man-men 2. woman-women 3. foot-feet 4. tooth-teeth 5. child-children,6. fish-fish/fishes 7. sheep-sheep 8. ox-oxen（公牛） 9. deer-deer 10. mouse-mice,3. 表示国籍名词单复数变化规律,单数 复数 1. a Chinese 中国人 2. a Japanese 日本人 3. a German 德国人 4. an American 美国人 5. an Egyptian 埃及人 6. an Arab 阿拉伯人 7. a Russian 俄国人 8. an Italian 意大利人 9. a Frenchman 法国人 10. an Englishman 英国人,3. 表示国籍名词单复数变化规律,单数 复数 1. a Chinese Chinese 中国人 2. a Japanese Japanese 日本人 3. a German Germans 德国人 4. an American Americans 美国人 5. an Egyptian Egyptians 埃及人 6. an Arab Arabs 阿拉伯人 7. a Russian Russians 俄国人 8. an Italian Italians 意大利人 9. a Frenchman Frenchmen 法国人 10. an Englishman Englishmen 英国人,4. 英语单词以结尾的名词变复数的口诀,以-f(e)结尾的名词，在中学课本里，出现了不少。其名词复数形式：有的直接在f(e)后加s；有的要改f(e)为ve再加-s；个别单词上述两种形式均可(如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs或handkerchieves)。,改f(e) 为 ve 再加-s；,妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf) 小偷(thief)吓得发了慌 躲在架后(shelf)保己(-self)命 (life) 半片(half)树叶(leaf)遮目光。,5. 可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量,1、直接在其前加数词； 2、在其前加of短语（of+可以用作计量的名词）。如：one egg, two eggs; one basket of eggs, two baskets of eggs,6. 只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语,few很少的（表示否定），a few一些（表示肯定），many（许多），how many（多少），a number of(许多的), several几个,（三）、不可数名词,1. 不可以直接以数字计算的名词。不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 2. 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：,2. 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）； a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much（多少）， a bit of（一些） 3. 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多,（三）、名词做定语时如何确定它的数,1.一般情况下名词作定语时，当它所修饰的名词由单数变成复数时，它本身不需要变化，如：two orange trees桔子树，two bus drivers 公共汽车司机，但也有一些例外， 如：two men teachers 男教师、a sports meet 运动会，a clothes shop 服装店，a goods train 货运列车 2.“数词+名词”做定语，名词一般用单数形式。如：the Sixth Five-Year Plan 第六个五年计划 a five-year-old boy 一个五岁的男孩,（四）名词作主语时，如何确定数,1、单数可数名词和不可数名词当单数看待，如： That boy is tall. The water in this lake is clean. 2、集体名词看成整体时谓语动词用单数；把集体名词看成其成员或组成部分时，谓语动词用复数。 My family is a big one. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all watching TV. 我的全家人都在看电视。 3、下列名词以-s结尾，看似复数形式，但实际是单数意义，谓语动词要用单数，请同学们牢记：news消息，politics政治，physics物理，maths数学 Physics is very hard to learn well for me. 物理对我来说非常难学好。,4、像裤子、剪刀、眼镜这样的词总是以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。 Your glasses are on the desk. 你的眼镜在课桌上。 His trousers are blue. 他的裤子是蓝色的。 5、用and连接的名词通常是指不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数；但有时用and连接的名词表示同一个人或物，谓语动词就应该用单数。 如：His brother and sister are both workers. 他的哥哥和姐姐都是工人。 A. The composer and singer is very famous. B. The composer and the singer are very famous.,6、“there be”句型中谓语动词的数要由离它最近的名词决定。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. There are two books and a pen on the desk. 7、用eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接的名词（或代词）充当主语时，谓语动词的数也是由离它最近的名词（或代词）决定。 Neither Tom nor his classmates are from England. Neither Toms classmates nor Kate is from England.,8、复数名词用作书名时，谓语动词用单数。 The Arabian Nights is one of my favourite books. 天方夜谭是我喜欢的书之一。 表示金钱数额、时间、距离的名词短语，一般看成单数。 Ten miles is a long walk to me. 步行10英里可是一段很长的路程。 Ten dollars is all I have left. 我只剩下10美元。 9、名词后跟with短语或者as well as短语做主语时，起决定作用的是该名词。 The teacher as well as his students is having an English class. The teacher with his students is having an English class. 10、the+表示姓氏的名词的复数,表示这个姓氏的一家人，当作复数看待。 The Smiths are watching TV.,1. Please pass me _. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of C. two glasses of water D. two glass water 2. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C.information D. stories 3. There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 4. This table is made of _. A.many glass B.glasses C.some glasses D.glass 5. Id like some water, but he wants _. A. two bottle orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles of oranges D. two bottles of oranges,1. Please pass me _. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water 2. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C.information D. stories 3. There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 4. This table is made of _. A.many glass B.glasses C.some glasses D.glass 5. Id like some water, but he wants _. A. two bottle orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles of oranges D. two bottles of oranges CCBDB,6. How great Dalian Radio and TV center looks! Yes. Thats one of the greatest _ in Dalian. A. building B. build C. buildings D. builds 7. How many _ has the old farmer got? A. field B. sheep C. mutton D. cow 8. The little baby has two _ already. A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths 9. This is an old photo of mine when I _. A.have short hairs B.had short hairs C.have short hair D.had short hair 10. The _ are going to fly to Beijing. A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans,6. How great Dalian Radio and TV center looks! Yes. Thats one of the greatest _ in Dalian. A. building B. build C. buildings D. builds 7. How many _ has the old farmer got? A. field B. sheep C. mutton D. cow 8. The little baby has two _ already. A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths 9. This is an old photo of mine when I _. A.have short hairs B.had short hairs C.have short hair D.had short hair 10. The _ are going to fly to Beijing. A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans CBCDD,三、名词所有格,（一）、名词的所有格：名词的所有格是表示名词所有关系的一种形式，英语中有三种方法表示所有关系： 1、在名词后加s（或，当该名词以-s结尾时）， 如：Toms friends, Jims watch 2、用of短语构成所有格，如：the size of the shirt衬衫的尺寸（有人把这也算所有格：the key to the door门的钥匙, the keys/answers to the exercises练习的答案） 3、上述两种所有格形式的混合，也叫双重所有格， 如：a friend of Toms, these pictures of his fathers,（二）、常见所有格形式的具体用法：,1、表示有生命意义的名词通常在其后加s（如名词以字母s结尾，直接加）；表示无生命的名词用of短语表示所有关系。 （有生命） a teachers college 师范学院 （无生命）the colour of the desk桌子的颜色 2、在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、指示代词、不定代词时，用双重所有格表示所有关系，以表示部分概念或带有感情色彩。 This friend of Jims is from America. Some works of Lao Shes are written in English. 3、如名词的定语较长，只能用of短语来表示其所有格。 如：Do you know the name of the boy in Class Two?,用所给词的适当形式填空,1.March 8th is _Day. (woman). 2.Taking twenty _(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health. 3.The shop sells _(妇女) handbags. 4.Teachers in western countries have a _(三个月的) holiday in a year. 5.Ill give my English teacher a card for _Day. (teacher),用所给词的适当形式填空,1.March 8th is Womens Day. (woman). 2.Taking twenty minutes exercise every day is good for your health. 3.The shop sells women handbags. 4.Teachers in western countries have a 3-month holiday in a year. 5.Ill give my English teacher a card for Teachers Day. (teacher),1-Hows Joys skirt? -Her skirt is more beautiful than _. A.her sisters and Kate B.her sister and Kate C.her sister and Kates D.her sisters and Kates 2This is _ room. The twin sisters like it very much. A.Lucys and Lilys B.Lucys and Lily C.Lucy and Lilys 3In _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too. A.few years B.a few years C.a few year D.a few years 4We will have a _holiday after the exam. A. two month B. twomonth C. two months D. twomonths 5Did you hear the _report? A. policemen B. policemens C. policemens D. policemens,1-Hows Joys skirt? -Her skirt is more beautiful than _. A.her sisters and Kate B.her sister and Kate C.her sister and Kates D.her sisters and Kates 2This is _ room. The twin sisters like it very much. A.Lucys and Lilys B.Lucys and Lily C.Lucy and Lilys 3In _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too. A.few years B.a few years C.a few year D.a few years 4We will have a _holiday after the exam. A. two month B. twomonth C. two months D. twomonths 5Did you hear the _report? A. policemen B. policemens C. policemens D. policemens DCBBB,6Its about _walk from my home. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes 7This is my dress. That one is _. A. Mary B. Marys C. sister D. mother 8Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk 9Where is _ sweater ? I cant see it. A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Lucys 10_ mothers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Anne B. Peters and Annes C. Peters and Anne D. Peter and Annes,6Its about _walk from my home. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes 7This is my dress. That one is _. A. Mary B. Marys C. sister D. mother 8Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk 9Where is _ sweater ? I cant see it. A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Lucys 10_ mothers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Anne B. Peters and Annes C. Peters and Anne D. Peter and Annes BBDCB,