十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲.ppt

豌豆语法课虚拟语气 豌豆群： 7298916,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,一、虚拟语气的概念,If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were),主语+should,would, might,could动词 原形,If+主语+had +过去分词,主语should, would, might, could have done,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,主语should, would might, could动词 原形,二 基本的三种情况 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 2If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 3If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If 主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1 If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 2If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.,3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 主句：主语+should/could/would/might + do 从句：if+主语+were to do if+主语+should/would/could/might + do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were e g： 1If he should come here tomorrow , I would talk to him. 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 3If she were to be here next Monday , I would tell her about the matter.,三、使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：,有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 e g： If I had worked hard at school ,I would be an engineer ,too . If they had informed us , we would not come here now. 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 如： If he were free today , we would have sent him to Beijing. 。 If he knew her , he would have greeted her.,2当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were ,should ,had 时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were ,should , had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。E g： Should he agree to go there , we would send him there. Were she here , she would agree with us. Had he learnt about computers , we would have hired him to work here.。,3、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，but for等 E g： But for his help , we would be working now. Without your instruction , I would not have made such great progress. We didn't know his telephone number , otherwise we would have telephoned him.,4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。 5注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。 eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.,四、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用,1 用于宾语从句, 、wish 后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：,表现在 过去时 表过去 过去完成时 表将来 would, might, could动词原形,I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I wouldcould go.,用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。,insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.,注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持说之意时，应用陈述语气，作“坚决主张；坚决要求”讲时，用虚拟语气。如：,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形” should可以省略,2 用于表语从句和同位语从句,My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.,3 虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 1 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 Its natural that she should do so. Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that句型中从 句也常用(should )+动词原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.,1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略,五、虚拟语气在其他从句中,It is high time that you went / should go to school.,2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,3. would rather + 从句 动词用过去式或过去完成时,I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.,4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).,He treats the boy as if he were his own son.,He spoke as if he had known about it,5. even if ( even though)即使,Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.,Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,四 情态动词+ have done could have done 本来可以- - - might have done 本来可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。 You shouldnt have told her the truth . neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了 I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it. would have done 本来会去做-,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B . will finish C. must be finished 3.He _ you more help , even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C . may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party , there _no New China. A . would be B. has been C. should be D . was,5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 8. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have,