应用型大学英语综合教程四unit8.ppt

应用型大学英语综合教程,上海交通大学出版社,应用型大学英语系列教材,Book 4,2,上海交通大学出版社,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit Eight,Table of Contents,Language Skills Development,3,上海交通大学出版社,Focus1 content,Starter,Text: The danger of lying in bed,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 1 Language Skills Development,4,上海交通大学出版社,focus1highlights,Highlights S: Insurance programs L: Brief introduction to insurance R: The danger of lying in bed W: Patterns of organization (6): opinion essay: argumentation Internet work: Searching for reasons for buying insurance,Part 1 Language Skills Development,5,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,A. Suppose you are in one of the following occupations, which insurance program(s) listed below would you choose for yourself? Why?,6,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,I have been a driver for more than twenty years and auto insurance is my No. 1 choice. With the boom of the car industry and the increasing number of car owners, there are more chances of having a car accident. It is good that auto insurance covers not only damage to cars and loss from theft but also injuries to pedestrians, passengers, and drivers. Health insurance is my No. 2 choice. No one can protect themselves from being ill. Due to the high cost of medical treatment, a severe illness could put most of us in severe financial trouble should we have no health insurance.,7,B. Listen to a short passage and answer the following questions according to what youve heard.,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,Mind Map hedge / vi. 避免损失 contingent / a. 偶然发生的，意外的 transfer /()/ n. 转移 policy / n. 保险单 premium / n. 保险费,8,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,1. What is the primary function of insurance?,It is used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss.,2. What is general insurance?,General insurance, including automobile and homeowners policies, provides payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event. General insurance typically comprises any insurance that is not determined to be life insurance.,3. How does life insurance work?,Life insurance works in this way: the insurer agrees to pay a sum of money upon the occurrence of the insured individuals or individuals death or other event. In return, the policy owner agrees to pay a premium at regular intervals or in lump sums.,9,focus1starter,上海交通大学出版社,1. Starter,Insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the fair and reasonable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium, and can be thought of as a guaranteed small loss to prevent a large, possibly devastating loss. It can be divided into general insurance and life insurance. General insurance, including automobile and homeowners policies, provides payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event. General insurance typically comprises any insurance that is not determined to be life insurance. Life insurance is a contract between the policy owner and the insurer, where the insurer agrees to pay a sum of money upon the occurrence of the insured individuals or individuals death or other event, such as terminal illness or critical illness. In return, the policy owner agrees to pay a stipulated amount called a premium at regular intervals or in lump sums.,10,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,11,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,12,focus1text,上海交通大学出版社,Text Organization,13,1 The man in the ticket office said, “Have an accident insurance ticket, also?” 2 “No,” I said, after studying the matter over a little. “No, I believe not; I am going to be traveling by rail all day today. However, tomorrow I dont travel. Give me one for tomorrow.”,focus1text,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,Translation,躺在床上的危险 1 售票处的售票员问我：“意外险要不要也买一份？” 2 “不，”我考虑了一会儿后回答道，“我想不用了，今天我要坐一天火车。不过，明天我不旅行，给我来张明天的吧。”,上海交通大学出版社,Note that the word “also” is usually used before the main verb or after the linking verb in a sentence, but occasionally it may also be used at the end of a sentence or even at the beginning of a sentence. e.g. I will have cream, and sugar also.,I believe not: I believe that I wont have an accident insurance ticket. The word “not” here is used after “believe” to replace a negative clause beginning with “that”. Similarly: I hope not; I am afraid not; I guess not. cf. I dont think so.,In this sentence, the present indefinite tense is used to indicate that something will happen according to the arrangement / plan. e.g. Their delegation arrives here tomorrow. School begins the day after tomorrow.,14,3 The man looked puzzled. He said, “But it is for accident insurance, and if you are going to travel by rail ” 4 “If I am going to travel by rail I shouldnt need it. Lying at home in bed is the thing I am afraid of.”,focus1text,Translation,3 售票员一脸迷茫。他说：“这保的可是意外事故险，如果您要坐火车旅行的话” 4 “如果我是坐火车旅行，就不需要买保险。我怕的是在家里躺在床上。”,上海交通大学出版社,Questions about Paras. 1-4,Note that the word “should” in this sentence is used to give tentative opinions.,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,15,focus1text,1. Why did the narrator want to buy an accident insurance ticket for the next day when he didnt plan to travel?,Because the narrator believed that it was relatively safer to go traveling by rail than to stay at home.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Why did the man in the ticket office look puzzled?,Normally, people would buy accident insurance tickets when they went traveling, and they would not need one when they stayed at home. But the narrators behavior went contrary to common sense he wanted an insurance ticket for lying in bed as opposed to traveling by rail, and that seemed something quite abnormal to the man in the ticket office.,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,16,5 I had been looking into this matter. Last year I traveled twenty thousand miles, almost entirely by rail; the year before, I traveled over twenty-five thousand miles, half by sea and half by rail; and the year before that I traveled in the neighborhood of ten thousand miles, exclusively by rail. I suppose if I put in all the little odd journeys here and there, I may say I have traveled sixty thousand miles during the three years I have mentioned. AND NEVER AN ACCIDENT.,focus1text,Translation,5 之前我一直在研究这个问题。去年我的行程有两万英里，几乎全是坐火车；前年行程有两万五千多英里，一半乘船一半坐火车；大前年大约是一万英里，全部坐火车。我想，如果再把零零散散的行程加起来的话，这三年当中，我的行程已达六万英里，而且从没出过意外。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,17,6 For a good while I said to myself every morning: “Now I have escaped thus far, and so the chances are just that much increased that I shall catch it this time. I will be shrewd, and buy an accident ticket.” And to a dead moral certainty I drew a blank, and went to bed that night without a joint started or a bone splintered. I got tired of that sort of daily bother, and fell to buying accident tickets that were good for a month. I said to myself, “A man cant buy thirty blanks in one bundle.”,focus1text,Translation,6 有好一阵子，我每天早晨都会自言自语：“到目前为止，所有的意外我都逃过了，那么这次让我撞上意外的机率又大了点。现在我得聪明点，给自己买一份意外险。”但是，一切还是白搭。晚上我上床睡觉时还是好手好脚的，既没脱臼也没骨折。这样日复一日，我也厌烦了，于是，我索性一次购买了可以保上一个月的意外事故险。我对自己说：“一次买三十张，总不见得都是空票。”,上海交通大学出版社,Meaning: I have avoided many accidents so far, so the probability of my being caught in an accident this time has much increased. I will be wise and sensible enough to buy an accident ticket before traveling.,注意文中的“the chances are.”与固定搭配“(the) chances are (that) + 从句”不同，后者意思是“it is likely that (有可能)”。 e.g. Chances are that they will travel by car. Chances are that you will be fired if you ignore the bosss warning.,shrewd: a. 1) 高明的；判断准确的 e.g. He is a shrewd merchant and knows where his profit is. I have a shrewd idea who the mysterious caller was. 2) 狡猾的 e.g. Hes a shrewd lawyer who knows all the tricks.,Meaning: It is quite sure that nothing happened to me, and I went to bed that night safe and sound.,Meaning: I was fed up with being bothered by such things every day, and began to buy accident tickets that lasted for a month.,dead: ad. 完全地，绝对地 e.g. Having driven for ten hours without a break, Im now dead tired. Im dead sure that she failed the job interview.,moral certainty: 确信无疑的把握，绝对的把握 e.g. The teacher told him that it was a moral certainty that hed pass the exam.,draw a blank: 白搭；失败；抽空签 e.g. I tried looking him up in the directory but I drew a blank. She tried to make him recognize her, but drew a blank.,start: vi./vt. （使）松动，脱开 e.g. The doctor suspected that the joints of his right wrist had been started in the collision.,fall to (doing sth.): 开始做某事 e.g. She fell to brooding about what had happened to her.,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,18,focus1text,7 But I was mistaken. There was never a prize in the lot. I could read of railway accidents every day the newspaper atmosphere was foggy with them; but somehow they never came my way. I found I had spent a good deal of money in the accident business, and had nothing to show for it. (To be continued),Translation,7 然而我错了，我从没中过任何彩头。我每天都能从报纸上读到铁路事故。尽管报纸上的报道总是云里雾里的，可不知怎的，这些事故从未降临到我头上。我发现自己投在保险上的钱不少，却连个气泡也没看见。,上海交通大学出版社,Meaning: I found that I had spent a lot of money in buying accident insurance tickets, but I made no profit at all.,(have) nothing / something to show for sth.: 在方面没/有结果，在方面没/有成绩 e.g. All those years of hard work, and nothing to show for it.,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,19,focus1text,My suspicions were aroused, and I began to hunt around for somebody that had won in this lottery. I found plenty of people who had invested, but not an individual that had ever had an accident or made a cent. I stopped buying accident tickets and went to ciphering. The result was astounding. THE PERIL LAY NOT IN TRAVELING, BUT IN STAYING AT HOME.,Translation,我不免心生疑窦，开始到处寻访中了彩头的人，结果发现投资的人虽然不少，但却没有一个人发生过意外或赚到一个铜板。从此，我不再购买意外险，而是做起了算术。结果令人大吃一惊：危险不在旅途上，而是在家中。,上海交通大学出版社,Question about Para. 7,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,20,focus1text,3. What does “prize” in the sentence “There was never a prize in the lot” refer to?,The word “prize” in this sentence refers to profit or reward from the accident business, after spending a good deal of money in it.,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,21,focus1text,8 I hunted up statistics, and was amazed to find that after all the glaring newspaper headlines concerning railroad disasters, less than three hundred people had really lost their lives by those disasters in the preceding twelve months. The Erie road was set down as the most murderous in the list. (To be continued),Translation,8 我四处搜寻数据，结果惊奇地发现，尽管报纸上关于铁路事故的标题触目惊心，然而，在过去的十二个月里死于铁路灾难的人数还不足三百。榜单上最凶险的夺命线路是伊利线。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,22,focus1text,It had killed forty-six or twenty-six, I do not exactly remember which, but I know the number was double that of any other road. But the fact straightway suggested itself that the Erie was an immensely long road, and did more business than any other line in the country; so the double number of the killed ceased to be matter for surprise.,Translation,该线路已致死四十六人，或者是二十六人。具体是哪个数字我记得不太清楚，但我知道这至少是别的线路致死人数的两倍。然而很明显的是，伊利线极其漫长，而且是全国最为繁忙的线路，因此，两倍的致死人数就不足为怪了。,上海交通大学出版社,Meaning: But it immediately occurred to me that the fact was that the Erie was quite a long road, and carried more passengers than any other line in the United States; as a result, it was no wonder that the number of people killed on this line was double that of any other line.,straightway: ad. 立刻，马上；直接地 e.g. The waitress took the order from the customer straightway. Note that straightway has the same meaning as straightaway.,suggest itself: （想法等）出现在的心中 e.g. His silence suggested itself that he was unwilling to lend her money.,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,23,focus1text,9 By further figuring, it appeared that between New York and Rochester the Erie ran eight passenger-trains each way every day 16 altogether, and carried a daily average of 6,000 persons. That is about a million in six months the population of New York City. (To be continued),Translation,9 经过进一步计算，我发现在纽约和罗切斯特之间的伊利线每天两地互发八趟客车，共十六车次，日均载客六千人次，半年累计载客一百万左右相当于纽约市的总人口。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,24,focus1text,Well, the Erie kills from 13 to 23 persons of its million in six months; and in the same time 13,000 of New Yorks million die in their beds! My flesh crept, my hair stood on end. “This is appalling!” I said. “The danger isnt in traveling by rail, but in trusting to those deadly beds. I will never sleep in a bed again.”,Translation,那么，伊利线路上六个月的死亡总人数为一百万分之十三至二十三；而同期，纽约市死在床上的人数为一百万分之一万三千！简直令人不寒而栗，毛骨悚然。“太可怕了！”我说，“危险的不是坐火车出行，而是把自己托付给致命的睡床。我绝不再在床上睡觉了。”,上海交通大学出版社,Meaning: I was terrified and said, “This is horrifying! The danger does not lie in traveling by train, but in having faith in beds which will probably cause my death. I will never sleep in a bed again.”,“My flesh crept” comes from the idiom “make ones flesh creep” which means “to make one feel nervous, frightened, or filled with loathing (使某人感觉紧张、害怕或厌恶)”. e.g. The mere sight of snakes makes my flesh creep.,“My hair stood on end” is derived from the idiom “make ones hair stand on end” which means “to fill one with fright or horror (使人毛骨悚然)”. e.g. That horror movie made my hair stand on end.,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,25,focus1text,10 I had figured on considerably less than one-half the length of the Erie road. It was plain that the entire road must transport at least eleven or twelve thousand people every day. There are many short roads running out of Boston that do fully half as much; a great many such roads. There are many roads scattered about the Union that do a prodigious passenger business. (To be continued),Translation,10 我继续盘算着，上述数据还远远不到伊利线的一半。可以肯定，整条线路每天至少运送旅客11000到12000人。波士顿有许多短途铁路通往各地，它们的客运量加在一起，也足有伊利线客运量的一半了。这样的铁路还有很多，它们散布在全国各地，承担着巨大的客运量。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,26,focus1text,Therefore it was fair to presume that an average of 2,500 passengers a day for each road in the country would be almost correct. There are 846 railway lines in our country, and 846 times 2,500 is 2,115,000. So the railways of America move more than two million people every day; six hundred and fifty million people a year, without counting the Sundays. (To be continued),Translation,这样算来，美国每条铁路日均客运量应该有 2500人；那么，美国现有846条铁路，846乘以2500，等于2115000；也就是说，美国的铁路每天运送旅客200多万人。不算星期天的话，每年运送旅客可达6.5亿人。,上海交通大学出版社,2. Text: The Danger of Lying in Bed,27,focus1text,They do that, too there is no question about it; though where they get the raw material is clear beyond the jurisdiction of my arithmetic, for I have hunted the census through and through, and I find that there are not that many people in the United States, by a matter of six hundred and ten million at the very least. They must use some of the same people over again, likely.,Translation,但毫无疑问，星期天它们也是照常运行的。至于它们从哪里弄到那么多的“原材料”，这个问题显然不是靠我加减乘除就能弄清的。