新程专转本强化班词汇.ppt

专转本统一考试 大学英语（强化班I）,jumpshowtutuyahoo.com.cn,Lecturer: Jet Tu,www.themegallery.com,试卷结构分析,Part I 阅读 40分 Part II 单词与结构 40分 Part III 完型填空 20分 Part IV 翻译（英译中） 20分 Part V 翻译（中译英） 15分 Part VI 写作 15分 _ 150 分,www.themegallery.com,试卷结构分析,语法与词汇 Part II/Part III/Part IV 95分 63% 阅读 Part I 40分 27% 写作 Part V 15分 10% _ 150 分 100%,www.themegallery.com,Vocabulary,词类相同而词义不同的词,The autumn moon has always been a _ with poets and lovers of nature. a. target b. favorite c. character d. nuisance,B,词形相似而词义不同的词,Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century. a. expanded b. explored c. exploded d. exported,B,www.themegallery.com,Vocabulary,同义词与近义词,Today, household chores have been made much easier by electrical _. a. appliances b. equipment c. facilities d. instruments,A,派生词,We must try not to _ the existing splits within the party. a. deepen b. widen c. lighten d. soften,A,www.themegallery.com,Vocabulary,容易混淆的词,Many difficulties have _ as a result of the changeover to a new type of rule. a. raised b. arisen c. risen d. roused,B,词类的搭配,Generally speaking, women are not as _ on football as men. a. keen b. interested c. familiar d. delighted,A,www.themegallery.com,英语构词法包括以下几方面：,1, compounding（复合构词法） 2, derivation（派生法） 3, conversion（词类转化法） 4, acronymy（首字母拼音法） initialism（首字母连写词） 5, clipping（略写） 6, blending（拼缀法） 7, back-formation（逆构词） 8, reduplication（重叠词） 9, neoclassical formation（新古典词的构词法） 10, miscellaneous（混杂词）,www.themegallery.com,Vocabulary,同根串联记忆,前缀 + 词根 + 后缀,前缀 + 词根 词义 （300个） 后缀 词性,ex it out go,e/ex out,vis it see go,www.themegallery.com,Vocabulary,同根串联记忆,ism (思想流派）,Bushism Maoism Daoism Taoism,www.themegallery.com,Vocabulary,同根串联记忆 （前缀）,anti-; auto-; be-; bi-; bio-; centi-; co-; con-/col-/com-/cor-; contra-;counter-; de-; dis-; en-/em-; ex-; extra-; fore-; in-/il-/im-/ir; in-; inter-; intra-; kilo-; macro-; mal-; mid-; mini-; mis-; mono-; multi-; non-; out-; over-; poly-; post-; pre-; pseudo-; re-; semi-; sub-; super-; tele-; therm-/thermo-; trans-; tri-; ultra-; un-; under-; uni-; vice-,www.themegallery.com,一. 常见的前缀,1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的) dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, nonsense neg-, neglect un- unable, unemployment 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience,www.themegallery.com,3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend, demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm, disconnect un-, unload, uncover 4)表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw, withstand,www.themegallery.com,2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在之上”，“向” aboard, aside, 考试大 2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路) 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转” circumstance, circuit 4)de-, 表示“在下，向下” descend, degrade 5)en-, 表示“在内，进入” encage, enbed(上床),www.themegallery.com,6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外” exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外” extraction (提取) 8)fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于” inland, invade, inside, import 10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在间，相互” international, interaction, internet,www.themegallery.com,11)intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧” introduce, introduce 12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间” Mediterranean, midposition 13)out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward 14)over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard 15)post-, 表示“向后，在后边，次” postscript(附言)， 16)pre-, 表示“在前”在前面” prefix, preface, preposition 17)pro-, 表示“在前，向前” progress, proceed,www.themegallery.com,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面，下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement 19)super-, sur-, 表示“在之上” superficial, surface, superstructure 20)trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边” translate, transform, transoceanic 21)under-, 表示“在下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater 22)up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡),www.themegallery.com,3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀 1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前，早于，预先” antecedent, anticipate, 2)ex-, 表示“先，故，旧” expresident, exhusband 3)fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面” foreward, forecast, foretell(预言) 4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, midsummer 5)post-“表示“在后，后”postwar,www.themegallery.com,6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前，事先，预先” preheat, prewar, prehistory 7)pro-, 表示“在前，先，前” prologue(序幕)，prophet(预言家) 8)re-, 表示“再一次，重新” retell, rewrite 4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀 1)by-, 表示“副，次要的” byproduct, bywork(副业) 2)extra-,表示“超越，额外” extraordinary,www.themegallery.com,3)hyper- 表示“超过，极度” hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压) 4)out-,表示“超过，过分” outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人) 5)over-，表示“超过，过度，太” overeat, overdress, oversleep 6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低，次，副，亚” subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带) 7)super-, sur- 表示“超过” supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass,www.themegallery.com,8)under-,表示“低劣，低下” undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足) 9)vice- 表示“副，次” vicepresident, vicechairman examda.com 5. 表示共同，相等意思的前缀 1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同，一起”。 connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co- operate 2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同，共，和，类” symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成),www.themegallery.com,6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀 1)al- 表示“完整，完全”alone, almost, 2) over-表示“完全，全”overall, overflow(充满) 3) pan-表示“全，总，万”panentheism(泛神论)，panorama7. 表示分离，离开意思的前缀 1)a- ab-, abs-,表示“分离，离开” away, apart, abstract, abstain 2)de- 表示“离去，处去”depart, decolour, 3)dis-, di-, dif-, 表示“分离，离开” divorce, disarm(缴械),www.themegallery.com,4)ex-, e-, 表示“离开，分离”expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外) 5)for- 表示“离开，脱离”forget, forgive 6)表示“离开”release, resolve 7)表示“分离，隔离”separate, seduce, select 8. 表示通过，遍及意思的前缀 1)dia-,表示“通过，横过”diameter, diagram, 2)per-, pel-, 表示“通，总，遍”perfect, perform, pervade(浸透) 3)trans-, 表示“横过，贯通”transparent, transmit, transport,www.themegallery.com,9. 表示加强意思的前缀 a-, arouse, ashamed ad-, adjoin, adhere( 粘着) 10. 表示变换词类作用的前缀 be-, befriend, en-, enslave, enable, enrich ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派),www.themegallery.com,11. 表示数量关系的前缀 1)表示“单一”，“一” mon-, mon-, monotone(单调)，monopoly, monarch uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(单细胞) 2)表示“二，两，双” ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类) bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(二级管)， twi-, twilight examda.com 3)表示“十”deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals,www.themegallery.com,4)表示“百，百分子一“ hecto-, hect-, hectometer, centi-, centimeter 5)表示“千，千分子一” kilo-, kilometer 6)表示“万，万分子一” myria-, myri-, myriametre mega-, meg-, megabyte micro-, microvolt (微伏特),www.themegallery.com,7)表示“许多，复，多数” multi-, mult-, multipmetre (万用表) poly-, polysyllable, 8)表示“半，一半” hemi-, hemisphere demi-, demiofficial semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent pene-, pen-, peninsula,www.themegallery.com,12. 表示特殊意义的前缀 1)arch-, 表示“首位，第一的，主要的”architect, archbishop 2)auto-, 表示“自己，独立，自动”automobile, autobiography 3)bene-, 表示“善，福”benefit 4)eu-, 表示“优，美好”eugenics(优生学)，euphemism,www.themegallery.com,5)male-, mal- 表示“恶，不良”maltreatment, malodor, 6)macro-, 表示“大，宏大”macroscopic(宏观) 7)magni-, 表示“大”magnificent 8)micro-, 表示“微”microscope 13. 表示术语的前缀 1)aud-, 表示“听，声”audience, 2)bio-, 表示“生命，生物”biography(传记) 3)ge-, 表示“地球，大地”geography 4)phon-, 表示“声，音调”phonograph 5)tele-, 表示“远离”television, telephone,www.themegallery.com,Vocabulary,同根串联记忆 （后缀）,名词后缀 -ability/-ibility; -age; -al; -an/-ian/-arian; -ance/-ence -ancy/-ency; -ant/-ent; -cy; -dom; -ee; -er/-or/-ar -ese; -ess; -ful; -hood; -ics; -ion/-ition/-ation -ism; -ist; -ity/-ty; -ment; -ness; -ology -ship; -sion/-ssion; -ure 动词后缀 -en; -ify; -ise/-ize,www.themegallery.com,Vocabulary,同根串联记忆 （后缀）,形容词后缀 -able/-ible; -al; -an/-ian/-arian; -ant/-ent; -ary/-ory -ate; -en; -ese; -free; -ful; -ic/-ical; -ish; -ive; -less -like; -ly; -ous/-ious; -some; -ward; -y 副词后缀 -ly; -ward/-wards; -wise,www.themegallery.com,英语构词总结-常见的后缀,1. 名词后缀 (1) 具有某种职业或动作的人 1)-an, -ain, 表示“地方的人，精通的人”American, historian, 2)-al, 表示“具有职务的人“ principal, 3)-ant,-ent, 表示“者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar, 表示“的人” scholar, liar, peddler examda.com 5)-ard, -art, 表示“做的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者),www.themegallery.com,6)-arian, 表示“派别的人， 主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary, 表示“从事的人“ secretary, missionary 8)-ant, 表示“具有职责的人“ candidate, graduate 9)-ator, 表示“做的人“ educator, speculator(投机者),www.themegallery.com,(7) 表示“细小”的含义 1)-cle, particle, 2)-cule, molecule(分子) 3)-el, parcel 4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket 6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文) 7)-kin, napkin 8)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy,www.themegallery.com,2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary,www.themegallery.com,7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory 13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的),www.themegallery.com,(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义 1)-ish, boyish, childish 2)-esque, picturesque 3)-like, manlike, childlike 4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty,www.themegallery.com,(3) 表示“充分的”含义 1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent, violent, (4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义 1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific (5) 表示方向的含义 1)-ern, eastern, western 2)-ward, downward, forward (6) 表示“倍数”的含义 1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple 3)-fold, twofold, tenfold (7) 表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty 3)-th, fourth, fiftieth,www.themegallery.com,(8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义 1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese, 3)-ish, English, Spanish,www.themegallery.com,(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义 1)-er, greater 2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest 4)-most, foremost, topmost (10)其他的含义 -less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless 4. 副词后缀 1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, sim,www.themegallery.com,3. 动词后缀 1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate,www.themegallery.com,常见的词根,1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气，大气” aeroplane, aerial, 2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做，动作” active, agent, reaction, 3) alt, 含义是“高”， altitude, 4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它，变更” alternate, 5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物，生命” biology, bionics(仿生学),www.themegallery.com,6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略) 7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取，获” capture, except, concept, capacity 8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行，让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度) 9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的) 10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim,www.themegallery.com,11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include 12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture 13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord 14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑，动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生) 15) dic, dict, 含义是“说，示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict,www.themegallery.com,16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document. 17) duc, duct含义是“引导，传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论) 18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做，创造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect 19) fend, fens, 含义是“打，击” defence, offence 20) fer, 含义是“搬运，移转” ferry, transfer, defer(迟延),www.themegallery.com,21) fin, finit, 含义是“终，极” final, finish, confine 22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定) 23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix(附加) 24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex 25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” flower, flourish,www.themegallery.com,26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform 27) forc, fort, 含义是“力，强度” force, enforce, effort 28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产，发生” generate, generation 29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写，记录” telegram, diagram, photograph 30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步，阶段” gradually, degree, progress,www.themegallery.com,31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持，住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit 32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, cohesion 33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject 34) jour, 含义是“日，一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期) 35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合，连合” conjunction, junction(连合),www.themegallery.com,36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动，工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate 37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选，采集” collect, select, lecture 38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活，生存” life, alive, live 39) loc, 含义是“场所，位置” location, dislocate(脱位) 40) long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的” length, prolong, linger,www.themegallery.com,41) loqu, locut, 含义是“说话” colloquial, eloquent, 42) mand, mend, 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend 43) man, manu, 含义是“手，手法” manage, manual 44) memor, menber, 含义是“记忆” memory, remember, memorial 45) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental,www.themegallery.com,46) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant 47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量，度量” measure, meter, diameter 48) min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority 49) miss, mit, 含义是“派遣，送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile 50) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove,www.themegallery.com,51) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并) 52) not, 含义是“记号，注意” note, denote, annotation(注释) 53) onom, onym, 含义是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous 54) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同，对等b)准备” compare, prepare 55) pel, puls, 含义是“追逐” expel, impel(推进),www.themegallery.com,56) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付) 57) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone 58) plac, 含义是“位置，场所” place, replace 59) peopl, popul, publ, 含义是“人民，民众” public, republic, popular, people 60) port, 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送),www.themegallery.com,61) press, 含义是“压，压制” pressure, express, oppress, impression 62) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验，验证” prove, approve, 63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找，探问” inquiry, question, inquisition(调查，追究) 64) rang, rank, 含义是“排列” arrange, rank, 65) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正，直” correct, direct, erect,www.themegallery.com,66) riv, 含义是“河流，流远”，river, arrive, derive 67) rupt, 含义是“破坏，毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption 68) sci, 含义是“认识，知识” science, conscious 69) scrib, script, 含义是“书写，记录” describe, script 70) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉，情感” sensation, sentiment,www.themegallery.com,71) sign, 含义是“标记，符号” signal, signature, design 72) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似，类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化) 73) soci, 含义是“结合，社交” social, association 74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看，视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect 75