雅思写作单项攻略.ppt

雅思写作单项攻略,俞伟国,Blog: Http:/blog.hjenglish.com/yuweiguo,Part One Introduction 闪亮开篇,The Structure of Introduction,1. Background Information,(1). Lead-in Sentence,(Introduce the subject of the topic),(2). Public Opinion,2. Statement,(State your position),(1) In the last century, the first man walking on the moon said that it was a big step for mankind. However, some people think it made little difference to peoples lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.4.8),Language Skill: Paraphrase,方法之一 具体化(Specification),(笼统概念缩小范围),In the 1960s,when,American,astronaut,Armstrong,landed on the moon for the first time,Background Information,he,excitedly/proudly,announced that,it was a great step for mankind.,Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually,had little,impact,on most peoples,daily lives.,Statement,From my point of view,(I think this opinion is not right and I dont agree to it.),I dont think,the opinion holds much water.,(2). Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.2.5),Language Skill:,Paraphrase 方法之二 单词转换,优先考虑三大词类：,V,adj,adv,Paraphrase方法之三 句型转换,方法一: 主动被动,Nowadays people can,manufacture,food far more,economically,thanks to,more,advanced,fertilizers and machinery.,Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used may,do harm to,peoples health as well as,local communities.,Background Information,方法2: and 并列句,as well as 递进句,Statement,In my opinion, their concern,has its reasons,to a certain extent.,(3). Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2006.3.18),Language Skill:,句型转换 (方法3):,实义动词 (怎么样),Some people hold the opinion that,it is the,sole,task for a teacher to,introduce,academic knowledge to the,students.,Background Information,Be动词 (是什么),While some argue that,a truly outstanding teacher should be,the mentor of both knowledge and life,to their disciples.,Statement,(In my opinion, I support the second viewpoint.),Personally,I am in favor of,the latter opinion.,(4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? (2006.2.18),According to some,critics,(supporter / advocate),air travel should be,banned,due to,the fact that it,contributes to,(cause),(lead to),(result in),environmental problems,as well as,consumes too much fuel.,Background Information,Statement,As far as I am concerned,I dont think the viewpoint holds any water.,(5) Some people believe that scientific research should be conducted by the government rather by private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.12.10),Rather by Instead of,Language Skill:,句型转换-方法4:,一般陈述句 肯定句,强调句,Some people propose that,it is the government instead of private companies that should,take charge of scientific research,Background Information,Statement,which I fully agree with.,It + be + 强调对象 + that + 说明部分,(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (2011.10.8),Language Skill:,信息量偏少的Topic Introduction 写作对策,追根溯源法 Factor(s) 因Phenomenon (Subject) 果,Improved living standard,Increasing life expectancy,More and more old people,With the improvement of the living standard,human life expectancy is increasing,which has resulted in the phenomenon,that the number and the proportion of,senior citizens are,booming.,Background Information,Statement,As far as I am concerned, I,opine that,compared with the benefits,the potential problems still,prevail in general.,Part TwoBody 中流砥柱,P,=Position,S,=Supporting Ideas,D,=Development,分论点注意事项：,Today, we can see more and more cases of transnational marriage. Do you think the benefits outweigh the drawbacks?,Statement：The problems that transnational marriage may bring about greatly outweigh its benefits.,Supporting Idea：Marriage should be based on true love. (X),分论点与总论点的逻辑关系：,因果关系,分论点应该体现为,Positive/Negative Effect,Language Skill:,因果关系高分句型,主语，+非限制性定语从句 (描述主语特性/因)，+谓语(+宾语) (由主语特性所导致的effect/果),Currently, anyone can post information on the internet. Therefore, most information on the internet might be inaccurate. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2011.10.22),Most information on the internet,which anyone can post,might be inaccurate.,Compared with traditional marriage,transnational marriage,which is often solely out of financial purposes,is more fragile and,likely to,end up with divorce.,分论点构思四大黄金原则,1.经济原则,Should college students be allowed to get married?,事物特性描述高分句型,Sb/Sth + be + adv (aspect) + adj (feature),His body is very strong(?),He,is,strong.,physically,College students,who are generally not,financially capable,His mind is mature(?),He is mentally mature.,are unlikely to,be fully able to shoulder the economic burden if they tie the knot too early.,More and more measures have been taken to improve security and reduce crime in urban areas. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (2006.2.25),More security measures,|,Crime Rate ,|,A safer and more stable social environment,|,Attract more investments,|,Economic Development,(1). Adopting more security measures creates a safer and more stable social environment by reducing crime,which is a major,precondition,of attracting more investments,from home and abroad.,(2). Adopting more security measures,will impose a heavy financial burden,on the government and is likely to force the government to levy higher taxes,from common citizens.,Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it causes pollution and uses up fuel resources. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? (2006.2.18),(1). The ban on air travel,is likely to,result in,huge amount of,economic losses in certain traveling countries,leading to,the collapse of the economy.,(2). It is highly possible that quite a number of employees in such fields as air service or international travel will,become unemployed,leading to the,soar,of the,unemployment rate,which hinders the economic development,as a result of the prohibition of air travel.,2.能力原则,Should college students be allowed to get married?,Marriage makes the college students more mature and develops their sense of responsibility,and communicative skills.,Should college students be encouraged to take up a part time job?,It helps to cultivate/ foster/ develop/enhance college students,independence,practical hands-on ability,interpersonal skill,social adaption,The advancement of science and technology has great positive impact on people, but value of artists, such as musicians, painters and writers, is also important. So what can arts tell us that science can not? (2011.7.16),Arts could enhance peoples,appreciation of aesthetics,taste,creativity,imagination,which is not likely to be cultivated from science and technology.,Nowadays, people perform their everyday tasks, such as banking, shopping as well as business transactions, without the need of meeting other people face to face. What are the possible effects of the phenomenon on the individual and the society as a whole? (2005.2.26),Conducting daily tasks without meeting others,makes people isolated from the society,and deteriorates their interpersonal skill,which is a key factor for success.,3. 因小失大原则,Should college students be encouraged to take up a part time job?,Part-time jobs take up too much valuable time for study, which should be the students priority.,A-B,harm,(importance),Some people think the government should pay for healthcare and education, others think that the government does not have to take the responsibility. Discuss both viewpoints and give your opinion. (2005.7.9),It would be hard for a government to afford the fund for,economic development,if it has to take the burden of healthcare and education.,The more a government spends its limited budget on healthcare and education, the less money is available for it, which should be a governments top task.,4. 环境原则,Some people believe that fresh graduates should be sent to rural areas to work for a period of time. While some others argue that staying in the city is a better choice for their growth. Discuss both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2005.10.15),(1). Rural areas, which are more,peaceful compared with cities,are beneficial for the fresh graduates to,fully concentrate on the improvement,of their professional skills without,distractions.,(2). Living in cities, the fresh graduates,(can touch the newest information from all over the world),(can get in touch with the latest information from all over the world),are entitled to the access to the latest information from all over the world,which is hardly available in rural areas.,In recent years, working at home for ones employers has become a growing trend in many countries and is expected to be common for most office workers in the coming decades. Write an essay and state your opinion about the social phenomenon. (2005.7.16),Home,which does not involve office politics,is a better place for people to concentrate on the work.,The office,which is a more disciplined place compared with ones home,can prevent the employees from skiving and guarantee the working efficiency.,分论点的拓展(Development),Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects. Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2006.3.18),Statement：Teachers should take the responsibility of guiding students how to distinguish right from wrong as well as teaching academic subjects.,Supporting Idea,Initially,having a correct,philosophy of life,carries more weight than,possessing,knowledge only for the students.,分论点拓展判断标准,Personal Opinion,Development,Self-evident Common Sense,Theoretical Evidence：,Without a correct outlook of life, any student, no matter how knowledgeable he might be, is still likely to be led astray and do something detrimental to the society.,Case Evidence：,For example, if a young person who excels in computer technologies has never been taught what are the right things to do, it is very likely that he/she will be misled and eventually become an illegal hacker with his/her expertise.,Body部分结构：,1. 单边结构,(5段式),Introduction + Supporting Ideas (X3) + Conclusion,Some people think they should keep all the money they earn, and should not have to pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree? (2006.1.7),2. 双边结构,(4段式),(1). 3对1结构,(适用题型：单一主体TOPIC),Some people believe that to maintain the cultural identity of a city, the government should build all the new buildings in a traditional way. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.12.9),Pros,Cons,Cultural identity,Not economical,Safety Risk,Dull impression,(S),(S),(C),(T),让步段: 分析弱势分论点 X 1,第一句： Topic Sentence,第二句: 弱势分论点 (Common Sense),(第三句: Theoretical Evidence/Case Evidence),(It cannot be denied that those who made the proposal do have a point to a certain extent.),重点段：分析强势分论点 X 3,第一句: Topic Sentence,第二句+第三句: 强势分论点1 + Development (Theoretical Evidence Preferred),第四句+第五句: 强势分论点2 + Development (Case Evidence Preferred),第六句: 强势分论点3 (Common Sense),(Despite the benefit, the problems should not be neglected.),(2).2对2结构,（适用题型：单一主体TOPIC）,Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs?,Income,Ability,Study,Be led astray,第二段: Supportive Argument,第一句：Supportive Idea 1,第二句: Development (Theoretical Evidence Preferred ),第三句: Supportive Idea 2,第四句: Development (Case Evidence Preferred),第三段：Opposite Argument,第一句：Opposite Idea 1,第二句：Refutation,第三句：Opposite Idea 2,第四句: Refutation,Most high level jobs in the government are done by men. Some people believe that the government should encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women. To what extent do you agree or disagree?,Pros,Cons,Better suited for certain positions,A Sign of equality,Neglect family,Dependence,(T),(S),(Workload),(Reasonable Percentage),Some people might argue that the packed-schedule of a governmental top position may make women become so busy with their job that their family lives are always neglected.,Nevertheless, I do not think it will be a big problem as long as the womens workload is reasonably arranged in accordance with their actual physical condition.,Another concern is that the practice may also make women to be excessively dependent on such preferential policies.,With a second thought, however, we can find that the problem can also be well-handled if the percentage of the positions reserved for women is limited to a reasonable range.,Part ThreeConclusion 虎头龙尾,常规模式,1. Some people think they should keep all the money they earn, and should not have to pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree? (2006.1.7),主体定性 (Summarize the nature of the subject ),From the above discussion, we could find that the practice of reserving all the money one earns and refusing to pay taxes to the country,Language Skill:,否定词+but=只 代替: only/just,例句： 征收更高的赋税只会给老百姓带来更加沉重的经济负担。,Levying higher taxes from common citizens would impose nothing but heavier financial burdens on them.,benefits nobody but the tax evaders,at the cost of public interests.,重申立场 (Restate your opinion),For this reason,on no account should the practice be tolerated,一般陈述句 否定句,On no account引导的倒装句,and it is every citizens duty to pay taxes.,2. More and more measures have been taken to improve security and reduce crime in urban areas. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks? (2006.2.25),主体定性,From the above analyses, it could be noted that,the practice of enhancing safety in cities through adopting more security measures,has both benefits and drawbacks.,Nevertheless, compared with its disadvantages, the advantages,still prevail in general.,重申立场,So, as a metropolitan resident, I tend to,embrace the practice.,Some people believe that to maintain the cultural identity of a city, the government should build all the new buildings in a traditional way. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.12.9),To conclude, the suggestion to build all new buildings in a traditional way is beneficial to enhance a citys cultural identity.,This only benefit, nevertheless, is immediately dwarfed by the problems it is likely to bring about.,Conclusion,So I reaffirm my conviction that the move is nothing but an unrealistic idea, which should never be implemented.,2选1方案,双重观点讨论类TOPIC写作结构,Discussion of Viewpoint A,第一句：Topic Sentence,第二句: Justification of Viewpoint A,第三句: Development,Discussion of Viewpoint B,第一句：Topic Sentence,第二句: Justification of Viewpoint B,第三句: Development,Comparison of Viewpoin