写作讲座道德类.ppt

四级议论文写作,道德观类 Moral values,素材,On lie-free society,advantages,fantastic be honest and open about their conducts in social contact No ill-minded liar the chain debt, the under-the-table trade, society would live a life filled with truth, trust and warmth,disadvantages,horrible express their real feelings, like dislike and hate, friendship (X) business secrets, patents the top secrets of the government an object of invasion from outside.,to sum up,know where to apply it intended to comfort designed to do more harm to the bottom line is,启承转合,1.有关“启”的常用词语,用来引导主题或跟在主题句的后面,引导第一个推展句。 at first ， at present ， currently first ， first of all ， firstly generally speaking in the beginning ， in the first place ， to begin with， to start with it goes without saying that lately ， now， presently ， recently,2, 有关“承”的学用词语,用来承接主题句或第一个推展句。,after after a few days after a while also at any rate by this time at the same time, besides , meanwhile , moreover , what is more, Furthermore, in addition, in addition to., certainly, consequently, for example, for instance, for this purpose, from now on, in fact， in other words, in particular in the same manner , incidentally （顺便让我一提） indeed, obviously , of course, particularly（特别地） second, secondly similarly so , soon, still, then , third, thirdly, truly, unlike.,3 有关“转”的常用词语:用不表示不同或相反的语气。,after all （毕竟） all the same anyway at the same time but by the time （此时） conversely （相反地） despite especially fortunately however in other words, in particular in spite of. in the same way likewise luckily nevertheless no doubt not withstanding.（虽然） on the other hand otherwise perhaps unfortunately unlike whereas yet,4, 有关“合”的常用词语:用来引导结尾或最后一个推展句,表示段落的结束。,above all , accordingly（于是） as a consequence, consequently， thus ， as a result , hence ，therefore as has been noted （如前所述） as I have said （如我所述） at last , at length, by and large by doing so， to speak frankly， eventually （最后） finally briefly , in brief (简言之) in short in conclusion（最后） in sum （总之, 简言之） in summary on the whole（就全体面论, 整个看来） to sum up （总言之） to summarize（摘要之）,二、短语与句型的运用实例,1、 the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/ read, etc),Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。,二、短语与句型的运用实例,2、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V,Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。,二、短语与句型的运用实例,3. cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。）,We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。,A or B类型,展现问题 Recently, the issue of has been brought into public focus. Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice.,Recently the issue of whether or not . has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. The issue whether it is good or not to has aroused a heated discussion all over the country. The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.,观点不一致,At present, some people think while others claim .Both sides have their merits. People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue. People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case. However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.,When asked ., some people think. while some prefer. Just as the saying goes: “so many people, so many minds“. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes. There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that.,When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other people regard .as When faced with, quite a few people claim that , but other people think as. There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of Those who criticize .argue that ,but people who favor , on the other hand, argue that. Some people are of the opinion that. Many people claim that.,表示表明观点的用词和句型,Some people contend that . has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages) Those who argue for . say that .economic development of the cities. Some people advocate that They hold that . People, who advocate that ., have their sound reasons (grounds),Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. Those who strongly approve of . have cogent reasons for it. Many people would claim that. People who support . give some or all of the following reasons. But others hold the view that . Some people examine this issue from another angle.,我之观点：选择，权衡型句型,According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer . rather than. Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion. Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view. To my point of view To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks（disadvantages, shortcomings）,For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view. After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that. If asked to make a decision, I would prefer. Taking into consideration both sides of the issue, I tend to favor the latter view When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to .,If it is up to me to make a choice between . and . I would rather choose . over. I would have to say that, if I were faced with the decision, I would follow At the risk of sounding too direct , I prefer to.,我之观点：原因总起句,In my mind , the following factors/reasons/causes need to be taken into consideration. There are several reasons for this phenomenon/why.-(as follows And I would like to present two explanations for this: The reasons are chiefly as follows. There are numerous reasons why _, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. The reasons are presented below. There are three premier(主要的)/best/ most important, largest, significant, obvious, crucial causes as follows. This is based on the propensity(倾向，原因) of following points.,原因阐述,The main reason is that One very important argument for . is that The reasons are quite clear. Above all, The first reason can be seen by every person. The first and most important reason is that. One of the reasons that are given foris that Perhaps this is because of the simple fact that. One of the premier causes is that,We may look into every possible reason, however, foremost reason for Is It might also be noted that What is also worth noticing is that There is another factor that deserves some words here. A more essential factor why Is that A further reason why, is that.,Moving on to wider themes,_ 展开来说，_。 The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that. Likewise(同样), common sense tells us that. The third but very important reason is that. The third, not the last is that, The last factor to be taken seriously is.,“比如“的表达方式：,For example, For instance, It can be given a concrete example, Take . for an example, it is a very obvious case There is one impressive example I want to mention here. Let's see an example. It is best illustrated if given the following example.,Let me provide an example. Perhaps the most important example of .is that. As I remember,/ I now still remember that. I will never forget that To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive. An instance that accompanies this reason is that. An example can give the details of this argument, . It is a forceful example to demonstrate the importance of . History presented many examples of. In order to see this point clearly, let us see an example.,综合运用篇,Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that 随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是_。 As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes. 然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes 持不同的看；Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法） As society develops, people are attaching much importance to 随着社会的发展，人们开始关注,People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。 As to whether it is worthwhile ., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it. 关于是否值得_的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。,In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma. 在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。 Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that 最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心_。 The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention. 人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。, plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?“ _显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是：“我们该如何抉择？“ Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges, 现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。,Sample writing It pays to be honest,Nowadays people are troubled with mass of dishonest behaviors in society. (examples) Teachers get annoyed when they catch students cheating on exams; consumers get hurt when they unfortunately buy some fake products; children are misled when they see their parents tell lies so as to evade the responsibility they should take.,Why do people cheat? The main reason probably lies in immediate interest they may obtain by cheating. For example, a company, which manufactures fake products, may seem to win for a moment because it can minimize its manufacture cost by doing so. This kind of businesses, however, will be driven out of the market in the long run, for the consumers after getting to know the poor quality of the products will not buy them anymore.,The same is true of individuals. Dishonest people dare not take on the responsibility of life. (examples) They cheat in class, in office, at home and so on. But the truth can hardly be masked. The moment the truth comes out they will lose their credibility, which is easier to destroy than to rebuild. Consequently, these dishonest will suffer a long time because of their cheating behaviors. In conclusion, no one can afford to be dishonest in a civilized society. Honesty is the pillar of a society. People will benefit from being honest in the long run. Thats why we say it pays to be honest.,How to improve public morals?,Nowadays there are still many behaviors against public morality, such as spiting or littering in public places, cutting in line, wasting water or electricity and so on.,One of the main reasons for these immoral behaviors is that some people lack personal manners and public consciousness. Actually these small things in many peoples eyes have brought great bad effects on our community. Above all, these immoral behaviors disturb social order and disrupt sociability. Moreover, ones violating public morality not only evades others benefits but also does harm to himself. For example, if most people buy pirated products, those original producers will suffer great damage and might lose the enthusiasm to continue their producing，which, in turn, influences consumers taking the profits into consideration. I think it is high time that we took more effective measures to improve public morals.,First of all, education plays a very vital role. We must utilize education to make people know their behaviors influence on the society and follow public morals consciously. Besides the government should improve the administration system and ensure the efficient improvement of administration measures.,道德类词汇,社会风气(公德)：public morals (or morality) 有公德心：be publicspirited 向公众呼吁做某事：appeal to the public to do sth. 在方面教育公众：educate the public in 无视公共规章：disregard the public rules 遵守法纪： comply with the law 偷窃是违法的：Stealing is against the law,遵守公德：comply with public morality 守法： observe/obey the law 违法：offend against the law 违反公共规章：break/violate public regulations 她自以为可以凌驾法律之上：She acts as if she is above the law 制定和严格执法：make and rigidly enforce the law 遵守交规: observe traffic regulations 按道德行事：follow the morals,改进社会风气：improve public morals 维护公共道德：safeguard public morals 损害公共道德：injure public morality 应该受到法律严惩：deserve to be punished heavily by the law 从他的行为中可以清楚看到，他不讲道德：It is obvious from his behavior that he has no morality Powered by,