英译汉的层次段落篇章翻译.ppt

1,段落翻译,2,Content,英汉段落比较 段落的衔接 段落的连贯,3,英汉段落比较,段落是具有明确的始末标记的、语义相对完整、交际功能相对独立的语篇单位；是小于语篇的语义单位，是一个在概念上比句子更大的翻译分析单位。,4,英语段落 汉语段落,“主题句-阐述句-总结 句”结构,以某一中心思想统领的 形散神聚结构,围绕一个较为含蓄的中心 思想迂回式和流散式形分 意合,5,Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty-three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronaut's suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, But also for its utility.,有光泽的；灿烂的,马其顿(人)的,没有失去光泽的；没有瑕疵的,铸造,保护物；盾牌,6,英语段落句际关系 衔接手段,平行式，包括并列关系、对立关 系、比较关系、选择关系等,偏正式，包括因果、层进等关系,承接式，包括现实时空序列承 接、心理时空序列承接等,总分式，包括总说分承和分述总括,关联词和词语重复、指代替换,7,汉语段落：,自1840年鸦片战争使中国蒙受历史性屈辱以来，从林则徐、魏源、龚自珍到孙中山，历代志士仁人曾为中国的救亡和发展，前仆后继，英勇奋斗，但由于缺少科学理论的指导而饮恨九泉。实践告诉我们，在一个半殖民地半封建的中国，改良封建专制制度，不是出路；实行资本主义，亦非良策。在历史的比较中我们认识到，唯有马克思列宁主义，才能救中国。马克思列宁主义一经传入中国，中国人民就在精神上由被动转入主动，中国共产党才在马克思列宁主义和中国工人运动的结合中诞生并成为中国革命的领导力量，中国人民的民族解放和民族振兴才找到了正确的方向。从此，开始了马克思列宁主义在中国的实践和发展历程。,8,段落的衔接,衔接是语段中不同部分之间的语法和/或词 汇关系，这种关系可能存在于句子之间，也 可能存在于一个句子中不同部分之间。英国 语言学家韩礼德把英语句子的衔接手段分成 五大类： 指代（reference），替代（substitution） 省略(ellipsis)，连接(conjunction)和词义 衔接（lexical cohesion）。,9,1指代关系,指代关系指词与所代表的事物、行为、事件及特性之间的关系。 Mrs Thatcher has resigned. She announced her decision this morning. 撒切尔夫人已经辞职。她是今天早上宣布她的决定的。 It had been damaged; when he lifted it , he heard something clink feebly inside. He set it back on the ground. 那东西摔坏了。他拿起来，听见里面叮当直响，就又放回地上。,10,2替代和省略,替代是用一个语言项目去替换另一个语言项目。省略是因前面已经提过，没有必要再出现而省去句中的词或短语。 A: I'll have two poached eggs. B: I'll have the same. A: 我要两个荷包蛋。 B: 我也要两个荷包蛋。/我也一样。 Mary ate an apple and Jane (ate) a pear. 玛丽吃了一个苹果，简吃了一个梨。 Here are thirteen cards. Take any (card). Now give me any three (cards) . 这儿有十三张牌。随便拿一张（牌）。现在给我三张（牌）。,在热水中煮,11,3连接,英文句子中词组、句子之间大多使用连接词表示相互的逻辑关系。汉语句子关系往往是平行的，在句子的各个成分之间往往没有连词，句子成分是通过其内在的逻辑、意义关系结合在一起。 If you confer a benefit, never remember it: if you receive one, remember it always. 施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。 Even if you go there, there won't be any result. 去了也白去。,12,Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament , is in discourse; and for ability , is in the judgment and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其才干也，最见于处世判事之际。,13,4词汇衔接,词汇衔接指语篇中出现的一部分词汇相互之间存在语义上的联系，或重复，或由其他词语替代，或共同出现。 What characterizes almost all Hollywood pictures is their inner emptiness . This is compensated for by an outer impressiveness. Such impressiveness usually takes the form of a truly grandiose realism. 几乎所有好莱坞电影的特征都是内容空虚。这种空虚被具有感染力的外表所掩盖。这种感染力通常以非常宏伟的写实手法表现出来,14,段落的连贯,衔接是有形的，连贯是无形的。连贯的语篇一定是衔接良好的，而表面衔接良好的语篇却未必是连贯的。 例： I bought a Ford. The car in which President Wilson rode down the Champs Elysees was black. Black English has been widely discussed. The discussions between the presidents ended last week. A week has seven days.,15,实现语篇连贯的手段,1运用语境 A: Could you give me a lift home? B: Sorry, I'm visiting my sister. A :能让我搭你的车回家吗？ B: 不好意思，我要去看我姐姐 。 A: I'm rather short of cash at the moment! B: Oh, I'm sure they accept credit cards here. A: 我此刻身上没有现金。 B: 噢，他们这里肯定收信用卡。,16,2运用非语言知识 A: Are you going to work tomorrow? B: I'm on jury duty. A: 你明天去上班吗？ B: 我在当陪审员。（陪审团成员在法律上有不上班工作而参加陪审的权力） A: Shall we go for a walk? B: Could I take a rain check on that? A: 我们去散步好吗？ B: 改天可以吗？（ “雨票”源自美国棒球比赛因雨天改期，可看另一场比赛的票根。） A: Can you drive ? B: Is Pope Catholic ? A: 你会开车吗？ B: 教皇是天主教徒吗？,17,3运用想象 The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough. （地铁车站的作者为了唤起读者去联想、去感受这一张张美丽的脸庞的美感，刻意用一片片花瓣的美丽形式来暗示、来描绘。）,出现,花瓣,树枝,18,篇章的翻译,19,英汉语篇模式比较,汉语 英语,重神摄,重意合,多个分句线性铺排,无明显的语义标记,先设时空,后揭主题；一般先事实,后 结论；先原因,后结果,重形合,句型呈空间立体布局,显性形态标记清晰,先述主题,后由分题逐级论述,20,Mrs. Clinton receives about 5,000 letters a week, according to Lawrence senior Jenny Dunlavy, who spent the fall term in D. C. as part of American University's Washington Semester Program. Working in the office of First Lady's Scheduling Correspondence, Dunlavy and other sorted through as many as 100 invitations a day requesting Mrs. Clinton to attend every thing from birthday parties to baby showers. 由于参加“美国大学华盛顿秋季学期见习计划“,劳伦斯大学四年级学生邓拉维正在华盛顿特区,为“第一夫人“日常信函办公室工作.据她透露,克林顿夫人每周大约收到5000多封来信.邓拉维与同事每天就要处理100多封请柬,邀请夫人参加从生日宴会以至婴儿洗礼之类的庆典.,21,语篇意识,The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do (B. Russel：“How to Grow Old”). 译文：上了年纪而能这样看待生活的人就不会遭受怕死的痛苦，因为他所关怀的事物将继续下去。同时，如果精力衰竭了，疲乏增加了，休息的思想并非是要不得的。我倒愿意工作不息，死而后已，因为我知道别人会继续我未完成的事业（新概念英语第4册）。 划线部分的合理译文应该是：而且，如果随着精力的衰竭，疲倦之感日渐增加，长眠并非是不受欢迎的念头。,