网络学院英语教材3册.ppt

网络学院英语教材 第3册,Unit Six,Part One Text Comprehension,Background Information Main Idea of the Text Language Points,Background Information,Values -A quote from Albert Einstein that read, Try not to become a person of success, but rather a person of value. -The values people hold are usually part of the custom and behavior of their cultural group.,Main Idea of the Text,Just as every person has a set of values, so every culture has a set of values. They help determine a group of peoples whole way of life. Values affect how people treat others, including members of their family. Values influence how people earn and spend their money, how they share ideas, and why they adopt one set of rules instead of another.,Language Points,1. desirable adj. 值得有的，可取的，被向往的 Reducing the size of classes in schools is a desirable aim. 缩小学校里的班级规模是个可取的目标。 I think that smoking is one of your less desirable habits. 我想吸烟并不是你可取的习惯之一。,Language Points,2. conduct n.&vt. 行为，表现 The president surprised everyone with his unusual conduct at the memorial service. 总统在纪念仪式上举止失常，令人吃惊。 For a five-year-old, the prince conducted himself very well, despite the length of the ceremony. 尽管庆祝仪式很长，但作为一个五岁的小孩，王子举止得很得体。,Language Points,3. influence n.& vt. 影响，作用 Which designer do you think has most influenced fashion in the past five years? 你认为在过去的五年里哪位设计师对时装的影响最大？ Christopher hoped to use his influence to make them change their minds.克里斯托弗希望利用自己的影响迫使他们改变主意。,Language Points,4. primary adj. 首要的，主要的，初等教育的 The Red Crosss primary concern is to preserve and protect human life. 红十字会最关心的是维护人的生命安全。 primary education 初等教育,Language Points,5. be based on 基于，以为基础 The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann. 这部电影是根据托马斯·曼的短篇小说改编的。 I feel hes doing something wrong, but Ive got nothing to base it on. 我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有证据。,Language Points,6. be unaware of 无意识地，不知不觉地 She remained quite unaware of the illegal activities of her husband. 她一点没有意识到丈夫的非法生活。 He was unaware that the police were watching him. 他没有觉察到警方正在注意他。,Language Points,7. instead of (是)而不是 You can have herbal tea instead of coffee, if you want. 如果你愿意，可以喝特制花茶代替咖啡。 Instead of throwing away your household rubbish, why not recycle it? 与其将家里的垃圾扔掉，为什么不将其再利用呢？,Language Points Difficult sentences,Maybe you want to be elected president of your class. president 意为“总统”，“主席”。“班长”一般译为“monitor”。 译文：或许你想被选为班委主席。,Language Points Difficult sentences,2. Maybe you want to star in the new school play. star 在这里作为动词用，含义为 “to play a leading role in a play, film etc”，即“担当主角”。 译文：或许你希望在新编的学校戏剧里榜样主角。,Language Points Difficult sentences,3. Every choice we make is based on what we feel is desirable. “desirable”由动词“desire”变来，意思是“渴望的”，“想要的”。 译文：我们所作的每一个选择都是基于我们感觉所需要的东西。,Language Points Difficult sentences,4. The values you hold affect your individual conduct. 译文：你所持有的价值观影响你的日常行为。,Language Points Difficult sentences,5. Values influence how people earn and spend their money, how they share ideas, and why they adopt one set of rules instead of another. 译文：价值观影响人们怎样赚钱和怎样花钱，影响人们交流思想以及为什么采纳这一套规则而不是另一套。,Part Two -Translation methods,分句法 1.把原句中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 Eg. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。,Part Two -Translation methods,2.把原文中一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 Eg. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a univerally accepted law. 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。,Part Two -Translation methods,合句法 1.把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句（simple sentence)译成一个单句。 Eg. He was very clean. His mind was open. 他为人单纯而坦率。 2.把原文中的主从复合句（complex sentence)译成一个单句。 Eg. Im blest if I know. 我一点儿也不知道,Part Two -Translation methods,3）把原文中的并列复合句（compound sentence)译成一个单句。 Eg. The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light. 十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。,Part Two -Translation methods,名词从句的译法 （一）主语从句 (1）以what，whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。 Eg. What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。,Part Two -Translation methods,（2）以it作假主语所引出的真主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。 1.真主语从句提前译，为了强调， it一般可以译出来，如果不强调，it也可以不译出来。 Eg. It doesnt make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。,Part Two -Translation methods,2.真主语从句不提前，it 一般不用翻译出来 Eg. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。,Part Two -Translation methods,（二）宾语从句 1.用that,what,how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。 Eg. Can you hear what I say? 你能听到我所讲的吗？ 有时也可加“说”字，再接下去译原文宾语从句的内容。 Eg. Smith replied that he was sorry. 史密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。,Part Two -Translation methods,2.用it作假宾语的句子，汉译时that引起的宾语从句一般可按原文顺序，it不译。但有时在译文中也可将that引导的状语从句提前。 Eg. Anyhow,old chap, I owe it to you that Im here. 不管怎么说，老朋友，我现在还能在这儿，全靠你。,Part Two -Translation methods,（三）表语从句 跟宾语从句一样，一般可按原文顺序翻译。 （四）同位语从句 A.同位语从句汉译时不提前 Eg. He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望再来中国来访问。,Part Two -Translation methods,B.同位语从句提前 Eg. It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。 C.增加“即”（或“以为”）或用冒号，破折号分开 Eg. But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实的考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。,Part Two -Translation methods,定语从句的译法 1.前置法 2.后置法 3.溶合法 兼有状语职能的定语从句，翻译时应善于从原文的发现逻辑上的关系，然后译成汉语各种相应的偏正复句。如译成表“因”，“果”，“让步”，“目的”，“条件”，“假设”的分句 Eg. He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再造一栋房子，尽管他并无此需要。,Part Two -Translation methods,状语从句的译法 状语从句有九种：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、方式、让步。英语状语从句用在主句后面的较多, 而汉语的状语从句用在主句前的较多, 因此, 在许多情况下, 应将状语从句放在主句前面。 Eg. While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，眼泪直流。（时间状语从句） The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为天气干旱，作物歉收。(原因状语从句） It was better in case they were captured. 要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。（条件状语从句） While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 虽有一部分是如此，但不见得全部是如此。（让步状语从句）,Part Three Communicative Language,体现美国文化及价值观的句子 1-You can't argue with success Though you may tell someone they are doing something in a wrong way, you have to stop criticizing them if their method works. 2-Nothing succeeds like success Like money in a savings account, success seems to compound itself. Aperson who has a small success expects it to be followed by a biggerone。 3-The end justifies the means It doesnot matter how you succeed. Any method is all right if it works foryou. This proverb is not always accepted. Often one hears the opposite,“ the end doesn't justifies the means.“ 4-If you can't beat them, join them If you cannot compete successfully with a person or a group, stopcompeting and go join them. Then you can share in their success。 5-Always a day late and a dollar short A criticism of a person who never succeeds. The failures may not bedrastic but the pattern of small failures is annoying to others,especially in two areas that Americans value as highly as time andmoney。,Part Three Communicative Language,6-One thing at a time Concentration leads to success. The person who tires to do too many things at once may fail at all of them. 7-We'll cross that bridge when we come to it We will not discuss or worry about a future problem. If and when the problem becomes urgent, we will deal with it. 8-Don't put the cart before the horse Do things in a sensible order. For example, do something to impressyour boss before you ask for a raise in pay. Don't ask for the raisefirst. 9-All's fair in love and war Do nottrust a rival or an enemy at all. His or her desire to succeed willoverrule everything else. Such a people may lie, cheat, attack or domany other things far more terrible than he or she would normally do. 10-When in Rome do as the romans do Flexibility leads to success in unfamiliar circumstances. People maychanges their normal way of doing things in order to fit in better withthose they are visiting.,Part Three Communicative Language,11-Easy does it Some things require gentleness for success. One should not push too hard. Force may cause damage 12-The bigger they are, the harder they fall Do not be discouraged by the size of your problem or the fame of yourcompetitor. (the saying is traced to a boxer preparing to fight anopponent much larger than he was.) 13-All is well that ends well If we can come to a successful conclusion, let us forget about the pain and mistakes along the way. 14-Go for it Go ahead and try to achieve your goal. Don't worry about failing.Similar to this proverb-God provides food to every bird, but he won'tcast to its nest, you got to earn it. 15-Every little bit helps If someone apologizes for giving only a small gift, the recipient mayencourage the giver by quoting this proverb. This is especially true ifthere is a huge job to do or a huge amount of money to be raised frommany people.,Part Three Communicative Language,16-Look before you leap Don't jump into a situation carelessly. You may land in difficulty. 17-All that glitters is not gold Do not be fooled by worthless things that seem valuable or look attractive。 “Fool's gold “ is the popular name for a kind of stone that glitters like gold but contains no gold at all. 18-Curiosity killed the cat Do not ask too many questions or become too curious about things. Youmay get yourself into trouble like a cat that does not see the dangerin a new situation. 19-Don't put all your eggs in one basket Do not risk everything in one place or on one project. Divide yoursources that one failure will not ruin you. Similar to thisproverb-Do not use both feet to test the depth of the river. 20-Don't bite off more than you can chew Do not attempt something too large for you to handle.,Part Three Communicative Language,21-Too good to be ture This is often used to warn about advertising. An offer looks good but turns out to be misleading. 22-Flattery will get you nowhere If flattery (insincere praise) is recognized, it will not succeed. Onesometimes hears the opposite, Flattery will get you everywhere. 23-There is no such thing as a free lunch If someone you do not know offers you a free lunch or other gift,watch out. The gift may be a method of getting something from you. 24-Pride goes before a fall Do not be over-confident and careless. Your circumstances may changequickly and the emptiness of your bragging will be exposed. 25-Better safe than sorry It is better not to take a risk than to take a risk foolishly.,Part Three Communicative Language,26-Winning isn't everything One may enjoy the process of playing a game whether one wins or not.This traditional proverb is now often heard in the opposite form,Winning isn't everything. It's the only thing! 27-Time will tell Wait and see how something will work out. Don't trust a person or thing too much right now. 28-The burned child shuns fire Some of life's lessons are learned the hard way. The person who hashad to pay for a mistake will be careful not to make that mistake again. 29-There are other fish in the sea There are opportunities! For example, this may be used to encouragesomeone who has just broken off a relationship with a sweetheart. 30-Don't count your chickens before they are hatched Do not become too confident of success before you can see that progress is happening.,