英语语法课件主谓一致.ppt

Subject-Verb Agreement,主谓一致,一、名词 1.名词变复数的规则: （1）以s,x,ch和sh结尾的（2）以辅+y结尾的 （3）元+y结尾的（4）以f/fe结尾的(5)以0结尾的 2.几个不规则的复数名词如:man,woman,child,foot,tooth,sheep,deer, Englishman,Frenchman,Japanese,Chinese, 3.只用复数形式的名词如:people,clothes,goods,police,trousers 4.一些集体名词如:class,team,family,school 5.不可数名词如:news,information,wood,food,work,weather,room, space,population,metal,glass,cotton,silk,bread,meat,water,coffee,milk, porridge,money,fun,etc. 6.名词所有格如:Womens Day, Teachers Day,a map of China, a few minutes walk, Lucy and Lilys father, Lucys and Lilys shoes a friend of mine ,todays newspaper , at the doctors , etc. 7.与复数名词连用的单词如:many, (a )few , a number of , these,those,two, different,one of-;与不可数名词连用的单词如:much,(a)little;都可连 用的如：some,any,no,enough,a lot of,lots of,etc. 8.不可数名词及其量的表示法，如：a cup of tea,two glasses of milk等。,1. These girls will become when they graduate from the medical college. A. woman doctors B. womens doctors C. women doctors D. the women doctors 2. Usually are very careful in doing exercises. A. girl students B. girls students C. girls students D. girls students 3. The waiter brought us . A. glasses of juices B. glasses of juice C. glass of juices D. glass of juices 4. The news reporter has collected about it. A. lots of informations B. a lot of information C. much of information D. many information 5. Finally Billy got as a waiter in a restaurant. A. a job B. a piece of job C. a work D. some work,6. Please give me . A. a few papers and two newspapers B. some paper and some newspaper C. a paper and a newspaper D. a piece of paper and two newspapers 7. The ship went down and many were lost. A. lifes B. lives C. life D. live 8. Its about to the zoo. A. two hours ride B. two hours ride C. two-hours ride D. two hours ride 9. Jack showed me . A. some stamps of him B. the stamps of his C. some his stamps D. some stamps of his 10. These are and those are . A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japaneses, Germen D. Japanese, Germans,在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。,1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。, His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. (6) The number of the errors is suprising,2、 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.,由连接词and或both and连接起来的 合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。,注意： 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时， 它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 如：The writer and artist has come. 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 如： Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.,主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式； 若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。,3、 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall.,4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词， 都作单数看待。 如：Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 注意： 在口语中当either或neither后跟有 “of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词 也可用复数。 如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词， 它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数， 它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 如：None of us has (have) been to America.,5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词 的数一致。 I am not one who is afraid of difficulty. 我是个不怕困难的人。,He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who isworking hard.,6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词 用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用 复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作 复数。 如：The police are looking for the lost child.,Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.,7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数 或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词 的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词， 谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是 number，谓语用单数。,There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.,8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语 一致。There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.,（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All have gone to Beijing.,2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的 复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是 由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体， 如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、 国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.,4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词 作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。 如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待， 其谓语动词采用单数形式。 如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.,6、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：politics, mathematics, physics 以及news, works等， 都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词， 它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isnt easy to study.,7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作 主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 如：My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类 人时，动词用复数。,（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1、当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。,1.I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A.am B.is C.are D.be 2. The rich _ not always happy. A.are B.is C.has D.have 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students. A.are B.am C.is D.was 4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study 5. Neither my father nor I _ at home. A.am B.is C.are D.be,Exercises,22.He is the only one of the students who _ elected.A. are B.have C.has D.is 23.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked. A.have B.has C. have been D.has been 24.Many a man _ come to help us. A.have B.has C.is D.are 25.“All_ present and all_ going on well,“ our monitor said. A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ (keep) rising these days. 2. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ (repair) at the garage. 3. What we used to think _ (be) impossible does seem possible now. 4. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ (declare) open, the whole world cheered.,keeps,is being repaired,was,were declared,5. The use of credit cards in place of cash _ (increase) in recent years. 6. Newton _ (explain) the movements of the moon from the attraction of the earth. 7. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ (phone) to ask how I am going to spend the money.,has increased,has explained,are phoning,考点分析： 1. At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch Asitting Bhaving sat Cto sit Dsat 本题考查并列谓语的选择。found与sat down应为并列谓语，而其余各项均为非谓语动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的作用。,2. Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline Awork Bworking Cis working Dare working 本题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语+along with/ with/ together with + n. / pron” 结构作主语时其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。 因Professor Smith作主语，故应用单数谓语动词is working。,3. The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and _only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. completes C. finishes D. lasts,4.-Has Sam finished his homework today? -I have no idea. He_ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done,5. The forest guards often find campfires have not been _ completely. A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. had done,6. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be,6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters., A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is 7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party. A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like 8. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants. A.was B.is C. would be D.are,9. The population of China _ larger than that of any other country in the world. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10. Every means 方法_ tried but without any result. A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been 11. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished,12. The League secretary团支书 and the monitor_ asked to attend the meeting this afternoon. A.is B.was C.are D.is being 13. The great writer and professor_. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 14. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A.are B.is C.has D.have 15. A large number of students in our class_ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be,16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed 17. The Arabian Nights 一千零一夜_ well known to the English. A. is B. are C. was D. were 18. Chairman Mao' s works _ published. A. has been B.have been C.was D.is,19. A chemical works工厂_ built there. A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been 20. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years. A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five 21 .The United States of America _ one of the most developed countries in the world. A.is B.are C.was D.were,