AATCC 194-2006 纺织品在长期测试条件抗室内尘螨性能的测定1.pdf

标准分享网 w w w . b z f x w . c o m 免费下载 Copyright © 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC Technical Manual/2007TM 194-2006375 Developed 2006 by AATCC Committee RA49. 1. Purpose and Scope 1.1 This test method is for the evalua- tion of the degree of anti-house dust mite activity in a long-term testing environ- ment for textiles treated at the manufac- turing level for this purpose. 2. Principle 2.1 Test and control specimens are in- oculated with the test organism and nutri- ents. After six weeks of incubation, suffi- cient time for mite colonies to flourish under optimal conditions, the dust mites are recovered from the specimens by heat extraction. Results are expressed as per cent reduction on the treated sample ver- sus the untreated control. 3. Terminology 3.1 activity, n.of an anti-dust mite agent, a measure of the effectiveness of the agent. 3.2 anti-house dust mite agent, n. any chemical which kills (acaricide) or repels house dust mites. 4. Safety Precautions NOTE: These safety precautions are for information purposes only. The pre- cautions are ancillary to the testing proce- dure and are not intended to be all inclu- sive. It is the users responsibility to use safe and proper techniques in handling materials in this test method. Manufac- turers MUST be consulted for specific details such as material safety data sheets and other manufacturers recommenda- tions. All OSHA standards and rules must also be consulted and followed. 4.1 This test should be carried out by persons with training and experience in the use of acarological techniques. 4.2 CAUTION: Although house dust mites are not considered to be a direct hazard to humans, their fecal pellets have been demonstrated to be a potential po- tent allergen for those susceptible to asthma. Therefore, every necessary and reasonable precaution must be taken to eliminate this risk to the laboratory per- sonnel and to personnel in the associated environment. Where appropriate, wear protective clothing and respiratory pro- tection that prevents penetration by the matter. 4.3 All work should be conducted us- ing standard safe laboratory practices. 4.4 All chemicals should be handled with care. 4.5 An eyewash/safety shower should be located nearby for emergency use. 4.6 Exposure to chemicals used in this procedure must be controlled at or below levels set by government authorities (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Admin- istrations OSHA permissible exposure limits PEL as found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 of January 1, 1989). In addi- tion, the American Conference of Gov- ernmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) com- prised of time weighted averages (TLV- TWA), short term exposure limits (TLV- STEL) and ceiling limits (TLV-C) are recommended as a general guide for air contaminant exposure which should be met (see 13.1). 5. Limitations 5.1 The method can not be used to de- termine the specific mode of action of a given acaricide treatment. 5.2 The method should not be used to predict the performance of a finished arti- cle if the test specimen will go through additional processing steps or represents only a component of the final article. 5.3 While this test method provides some insight into the effect of different textile treatments in controlling the abil- ity of mites to successfully establish breeding colonies, direct conclusions can not be made with regard to a treatment re- moving or reducing allergens. 5.4 This test method does not allow recovery of house dust mite eggs. How- ever, it does provide a good measurement of the effectiveness of anti-dust mite treatment on a breeding mite colony. 6. Test Organisms 6.1 Test mites: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or D. farinae. Any other species suitable to a given country or re- gion can also be used. 7. Maintenance of House Dust Mite Stock Cultures 7.1 Dust mite colonies should be main- tained at 25 ± 1°C (77 ± 1°F) and 73-76% relative humidity on one part desiccated ox liver powder: one part dried yeast powder (see 13.2). Before use, the mix- ture should first be ground with a mortar and pestle, then sieved so that the particle size is between 500750 µm. 7.2 Care must be taken to ensure that stock cultures of mites used for testing have not previously been exposed to chemicals or treatments that might have some interaction with the mites. 8. Preparation of Specimens 8.1 Test Specimens. 8.1.1 Prepare a minimum of three test specimens by cutting them to fit snugly in the bottom of a 10 cm diameter glass or polystyrene Petri dish. This can accu- rately be done by tracing around the dish on the sample, or by using of a suitably sized die. For loose fibers, sufficient ma- terial to cover the bottom of the Petri dish should be used. 8.1.2 Petri dishes or other test cham- bers of larger or smaller size can be sub- stituted where desired. The size of the test specimen should change accordingly to ensure a snug fit of the sample in the bottom of the dish. 8.2 Control specimens. 8.2.1 A minimum of three specimens of the same fiber type and construction as the test specimen but containing no anti- mite finish (negative control) should also be prepared. 8.2.2 In addition, an internal lab con- trol previously determined to support dust mite colonies should be included for each test. The purpose of this internal control is to provide validation that the mite colony has developed at the ex- pected rate on a known sample over the course of the six weeks test. 8.3 Sterilization of Specimens. 8.3.1 Specimens may be sterilized when there is potential for fungal growth on the specimen over the test period due to the presence of spores. The method of sterilization used will depend on the sam- ple composition and finish, as well as the particular anti-house dust mite treatment. Report method of sterilization, if used. 9. Procedure 9.1 Test Setup. 9.1.1 Distribute 50 mg of the ground/ sieved nutrient mixture on each test specimen. The mixture can be applied through a sieve to enable an even distri- bution of the material. AATCC Test Method 194-2006 Assessment of the Anti-House Dust Mite Properties of Textiles under Long-Term Test Conditions Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright © 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 376TM 194-2006AATCC Technical Manual/2007 9.1.2 To prevent mites from escaping, the sides of the container can be coated with petroleum jelly. A heavy layer of coating should be avoided; as it can melt and interfere with mite recovery during the subsequent heat step. Tangle Trap has also been found to provide an effective barrier (see 13.3). However, final recov- ery numbers may be negatively influ- enced due to the numbers of mites be- coming irreversibly trapped on the material. A third option is to place a tex- tile sample that has previously been dem- onstrated to be effective as a mite barrier fabric tightly across the top of the test chamber and fix in place. 9.1.3 Close each test chamber and place the test units at 25 ± 1°C (77 ± 1°F) and 73-76% relative humidity for approx- imately 48 h to acclimatize the specimen microenvironment. 9.1.4 Place 25 male and 25 female mites from a robust colony on each accli- matized test and control specimen. 9.1.5 If possible, use mating pairs to ensure that the females are at a similar stage of oviposition. 9.1.6 Close the test chamber and incu- bate the samples at 25 ± 1°C (77 ± 1°F) and 73-76% relative humidity for six weeks. 9.2 Mite Recovery. 9.2.1 After the six weeks of incubation, remove one test chamber at a time from the incubator. For each plate, pre-cut a sample of nylon mesh material (see 13.4) to fit snugly within the test plate. Cover the mesh with adhesive film so that the sticky side of the tape is in direct contact with the mesh, and the edges of the tape extends beyond the edge of the mesh by approximately 5 mm. 9.2.2 Remove the lid from the test chamber and firmly place the tape/mesh combination directly on top of the test specimen, with the sticky side of the tape facing down. Ensure the outer edges of the tape adhere to the sides of the test plate. The mesh should serve to limit the amount of food particles and dead mites that might adhere to the sticky tape dur- ing the subsequent recovery step. 9.2.3 Place the plate, minus the lid, di- rectly on a heating plate (see 13.5) set at 50°C (122°F). Place a weight on top of the tape/mesh combination to ensure inti- mate contact between the mesh and the test specimen. Use of a pre-cut circle of Styrofoam that will fit in the test plate be- tween the tape/mesh and the weight can aid in evenly distributing the weight, and may also limit moisture buildup on the tape that might otherwise occur. 9.2.4 Leave each test chamber on the hot plate for a minimum of 5 h. This should be sufficient for mite recovery from textiles, as well as thicker samples or those with a heavy backing, such as carpets. 9.2.5 After the heat exposure, remove the weight and recover the tape/mesh. Cover the second side of the mesh with a clear polyethylene film or a second coat of sticky tape, to secure the mites for sub- sequent counting. 10. Evaluation 10.1 For each specimen, count the total number of mites recovered on the film using a low power stereo-binocular mi- croscope. 10.2 For each set of test and control specimens, calculate the mean and stan- dard deviation. 11. Report 11.1 Express results as percent reduc- tion versus the control, using the follow- ing formula: where: R = percent reduction of the test spec- imen versus the control. A = the mean number of dust mites found on the control specimen. B = the mean number of dust mites found on the test specimen. 11.2 For a valid test: If a healthy mite colony has been established on the nega- tive control specimens during the six week test period, mites on the internal lab control do not need to be recovered and counted. However, if the mite numbers on the negative controls are lower than expected for a control in this time period, mites from the internal lab control must R AB A - -=100× be recovered as outlined in 9.2. Recovery numbers outside of the normal range of mites previously established for each of the internal controls, invalidate the test. 11.3 Any deviation from this proce- dure as written must be reported. 11.4 The criterion for passing the test must be determined by the interested parties. 12. Precision and Bias 12.1 Precision. Precision for this test method has not been established. Until a precision statement is generated for this test method, use standard statistical tech- niques in making any comparisons of test results for either within-laboratory or be- tween-laboratory averages. 12.2 Bias. Anti-house dust mite prop- erties of textiles under long-term test con- ditions can be defined only in terms of a test method. There is no independent method for determining the true values. As a means of estimating these proper- ties, the method has no known bias. 13. Notes and References 13.1 Booklet available from Publication Office, ACGIH, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Building D-5, Cincinnati, OH 45211. 13.2 Desiccated ox liver powder can be ob- tained from Oxoid Inc., 800 Proctor Avenue, Ogdensburg NY 13669; tel: 800/567-8378; fax: 613/226-3728; e-mail: webinfo.usox- oid.com. 13.3 Tangle Trap can be obtained from The Tanglefoot Company, 314 Straight Avenue S.W., Grand Rapids MI 49504-6485; tel: 616/ 459-4139; fax: 616/459-4139; e-mail: infotanglefoot.com. 13.4 A mesh consisting of 447 denier nylon filaments, with 40 × 40 threads /inch, thick- ness of 0.36 mm and with a hole size of 0.63 mm has been found effective. This mesh can be obtained from Industrial Textiles Ltd., 62 Patiki Rd., Avondale, Auckland 1007 NZ; tel: 64 9 828 3188; free fax: 64 9 828 1022; e- mail: infovakeattack.co.nz. 13.5 Other means of heating the samples, such as the use of an incandescent light source, can also be used. However, the pro- cess must be optimized to obtain maximum mite recovery for each type of sample before initiation of the test. Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC Licensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100 Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-