BS EN 1321-1997 金属材料焊接的破坏试验.焊接的宏观和微观检验.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1321:1997 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds The European Standard EN 1321:1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.160.40 BS EN 1321:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1997 © BSI 25 February 2004 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British standard Committee reference WEE/2 Draft for comment 94/703678 DC ISBN 0 580 27083 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/2, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Scientists British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Iron and Steel Producers Association Electricity Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Structural Engineers Lloyds Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence Power Generation Contractors Association - PGCA (BEAMA Ltd.) Welding Institute Welding Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments 14972 Corrigendum No. 1 25 February 2004Correction to headings in Table 1 BS EN 1321:1997 © BSI 25 February 2004 i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 13213 BS EN 1321:1997 ii© BSI 25 February 2004 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee WEE/2 and is the English language version of EN 1321:1996 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 1321:1996 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part. BS EN 1321:1996 supersedes tests detailed in BS 709:1983, BS 4206:1987 and BS 3451:1973 which have been withdrawn by amendment. Cross-reference The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 1321 October 1996 ICS 25.160.40 Descriptors: Welded joints, destructive tests, microscopic analysis, macroscopic analysis, weld defects, specimen preparation, procedures, designation English version Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds Essais destructifs des soudures sur matériaux métalliques Examen macroscopique et microscopique des assemblages soudés Zerstörende Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen an metallischen Werkstoffen Makroskopische und mikroskopische Untersuchungen von Schweißnähten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-09-27. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 1321:1996 E EN 1321:1996 © BSI 25 February 20042 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding, the Secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions3 4Principle3 5Abbreviations3 6Purpose of the test4 7Removal of test specimens5 8Test procedure5 9Examination6 10Designation6 11Test report8 Annex A (informative) Test report9 Table 1 Guidelines for assessment of features by microscopic and macroscopic examination4 EN 1321:1996 © BSI 25 February 2004 3 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the methods of specimen preparation, test procedures and their main objectives, for the macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 288-3, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 3: Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of steels. EN 288-4, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 4: Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of aluminium and its alloys. EN 26520, Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with explanations. (ISO 6520:1982) CR 12187, Welding Guidelines for a grouping system of materials for welding purposes. CR 12361, Destructive test on welds in metallic materials Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 macroscopic examination examination of a test specimen by the naked eye, or under low magnification, with or without etching 3.2 microscopic examination examination by microscope, with a magnification normally within 50 to 500 times, with or without etching 3.3 operator the person who performs the macroscopic and/or microscopic examination 4 Principle Macroscopic and microscopic examination is used to reveal the macroscopic and microscopic features of a welded joint, usually by examination of transverse sections. This is done by visual and/or optical examination of the prepared surface before or after etching. In the case of microscopic examination, higher magnifications are required compared with the visual examination. 5 Abbreviations For the purposes of this standard, the following abbreviations apply: AMacroscopic examination; IMicroscopic examination; EEtched; UUnetched. EN 1321:1996 4© BSI 25 February 2004 Abbreviations for parent metals shall be in accordance with the grouping systems in EN 288-3 for steels and EN 288-4 for aluminium and its alloys. Grouping systems for other materials are given in CR 12187. The same grouping systems shall also be used for weld metal. The abbreviations for etchants should be taken from CR 12361 whenever applicable. NOTEA trade mark can be used if CR 12361 is not applicable. 6 Purpose of the test The purpose of macroscopic and microscopic examinations shall be to assess features as described in Table 1. The features to be examined shall be given in the application standard. Table 1 Guidelines for assessment of features by microscopic and macroscopic examination FeaturesDefect in accordance with EN 26520 Macro examination without etching Macro examination with etching Micro examination without etching Micro examination with etching Notes 1 Hot cracks100XXXX 2 Cold cracks100XXXXExcept for A1 3 Lamellar tearing100XXXX 4 Cavities200XXXX 5 Inclusions300XXXX 6 Lack of fusion/penetration 400XXXX 7 Geometrical shape500XX 8 Heat affected zoneXX 9 Runs and layersX(X) 10 Grain boundary(X)X 11 Grain structureX 12 Solidification structure XX 13 Joint preparation(X)XXX 14 Direction of rolling/extrusion XX 15 Direction of fibre structure (grain) XX 16 SegregationXX 17 PrecipitationX 18 Repair and non-conformity (X)X(X)X 19 Mechanical/ thermal effects XX NOTEX means features revealed; (X) means features may or may not be revealed. EN 1321:1996 © BSI 25 February 2004 5 7 Removal of test specimens Testing usually applies to test specimens oriented perpendicular to the weld axis (transverse section) including the weld deposit and heat affected zones on both sides of the weld. The test may also apply to other orientations. The location, orientation and number of test pieces should be as specified in the relevant standards and/or specifications or by special agreement. 8 Test procedure 8.1 General The following information shall be given: parent metals and consumables; composition of the etchant; surface finish (see 8.3); etching methods (see 8.4); etching time; additional measures (see 8.6); any additional requirements; the object of the test. 8.2 Test specimen preparation The test specimen shall be prepared for examination by cutting, mounting, grinding and/or polishing and/or etching as appropriate (see CR 12361). The surface to be examined shall not be adversely influenced by these processes. 8.3 Surface finish The requirement for surface finish depends on aspects such as: the type of examination envisaged (macroscopic or microscopic); the type of material; the documentation envisaged (such as photographs). NOTEDetails of the grinding and polishing media and methods of grinding and polishing are given in CR 12361. 8.4 Etching methods The following methods are commonly used: etching by immersing the test specimen in the etchant; etching by swabbing the surface of the test specimen; electrolytic etching. Other methods may be used by agreement between the contracting parties. When etching is completed, the test specimen should be washed and dried. 8.5 Etchants Typical etchants for various parent metals, weld deposits, purposes and types of examination are given in CR 12361. Depending on the information required, the type and concentration of the etchant as well as the etching temperature and time may be varied according to the material and type of examination. For similar joints different etchants may be used. EN 1321:1996 6© BSI 25 February 2004 8.6 Safety measures The following safety measures shall be observed: wear eye or face protection, as appropriate; handle etchants with suitable gloves or tongs; mixtures shall be made in a fume cupboard or under a fume hood; always pour acid into water and not vice versa; always pour solute into solvent; i.e. the smaller quantity (solute) into the larger quantity (solvent). 9 Examination The prepared surface may be examined before and/or after etching, as appropriate, or according to the relevant standards and/or specifications. 10 Designation The examination shall be designated as follows: reference to this standard; the type of examination (macroscopic or microscopic examination); unetched or etched; the object of the test (weld metal and/or parent metal); welded joints (parent metal left, parent metal right and weld metal); etchant (number of the table in CR 12361. The designation may be given in a full or a shortened version: this is shown in examples 1 and 2. NOTEThe object of the test should be expressed between hyphens. EXAMPLE 1. Full version A microscopic examination with the following conditions: Etched; Object of the test:43; Parent metal:left: 5,4; right: 9,2; Consumable:43; Etchant:xy. EN 1321:1996 © BSI 25 February 2004 7 EXAMPLE 1a. Object of the test: weld metal only Examination EN 1321 - I - E - 43 - 5.4 / 9.2 / 43 / xy where NOTExy stands for table number in the relevant annex of CR 12361. EXAMPLE 1b. Object of the test: weld metal and parent metal left Examination EN 1321 - I - E - 43, 5,4 - 5,4 / 9,2 / 43 / xy where EXAMPLE 1c. Object of the test: weld metal and parent metals left and right Examination EN 1321 - I - E - 43, 5,4, 9,2 - 5,4 / 9,2 / 43 / xy where EN 1321 = reference to this standard; I= microscopic examination; E= etched; 43= object of the test; 5,4= steel with Cr max. 9 %, Mo max. 1,2 %; 9,2= austenitic stainless steel; 43= weld metal: Ni/Fe/Cr/Mo with Ni max. 40 %; xy= etchant. EN 1321 = reference to this standard; I= microscopic examination; E= etched; 43, 5,4= object of the test; 5,4= steel with Cr max. 9%, Mo max. 1,2 %; 9,2= austenitic stainless steel; 43= weld metal: Ni/Fe/Cr/Mo with Ni max. 40 %; xy= etchant. EN 1321= reference to this standard; I= microscopic examination; E= etched; 43, 5,4, 9,2 = object of the test; 5,4= steel with Cr max. 9 %, Mo max. 1,2 %; 9,2= austenitic stainless steel; 43= weld metal: Ni/Fe/Cr/Mo with Ni max. 40 %; xy= etchant. EN 1321:1996 8© BSI 25 February 2004 EXAMPLE 2. Shortened version A macroscopic examination with the following conditions: Examination EN 1321 - A - E - 22,2- 22,2 / xy where 11 Test report The test report shall contain the following: a) reference to this standard; b) designation of the examination; c) location and orientation of the test specimen and the examined surface; d) Welding Procedure Approval Record (WPAR) or, if this is not available, then at least the type of parent metal and consumables and, when used, the post-weld heat treatment and/or etching shall be recorded; e) type of etchant and etching method; f) if necessary, a description of the examined surface; g) if required, photographs and/or sketches; sizes of magnification. An example of a typical test report is given in Annex A. Etched; Object of the test:22,2; Parent metal:left: 22,2; right: 22,2; Weld metal:22,2; Etchant:xy