水电站全套教程-19-中小型水电站的运行管理.pdf
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? !“#?$%!?A!?$%9:6;?A!?$%9:6;?A!?$%9:6;?A! BC6DEFG?HA?I!JK6LMH NO!BC6DEFG?HA?I!JK6LMH NO!BC6DEFG?HA?I!JK6LMH NO!BC6DEFG?HA?I!JK6LMH NO! PQ6#RS;?$%!bcd;ef!1*$%?a9:?$%!bcd;ef!1*$%?a9:?$%!bcd;ef!1*$%?a9:?$%!bcd;ef!1*$%? ?!a$%?!?gNhi?$?j!i?!a$%?!?gNhi?$?j!i?!a$%?!?gNhi?$?j!i?!a$%?!?gNhi?$?j!i PklmnopgqrsN?!tuvwPklmnopgqrsN?!tuvwPklmnopgqrsN?!tuvwPklmnopgqrsN?!tuvw x?y8x?y8x?y8x?y8 ? ? z!qr|N?!tuvz!qr|N?!tuvz!qr|N?!tuvz!qr|N?!tuv ?!,?=?7?+,?=?7?+,?=?7?+,?=? I?!tu?I?!tu?I?!tu?I?!tu? ?a?8?a?8?a?8?a?8 ? ? ? ?tu?!tu?tu?!tu?tu?!tu?tu?!tu? ?!9:;?;?=?8?S?;?=?8?S?;?=?8?S?; ?+ß?x!?+?Xø?S? ?!?+ß?x!?+?Xø?S? ?!?+ß?x!?+?Xø?S? ?!?+ß?x!?+?Xø?S? ?! ?*n8G+bc?¢£?”?¿?8?*n8G+bc?¢£?”?¿?8?*n8G+bc?¢£?”?¿?8?*n8G+bc?¢£?”?¿?8 ?1?“?«¢?!#?M?«81?“?«¢?!#?M?«81?“?«¢?!#?M?«81?“?«¢?!#?M?«8 ?$?lS?O?%?)0!¥9«F:Wj8!96«F?:;?)0!¥9«F:Wj8!96«F?:;?)0!¥9«F:Wj8!96«F?:;?)0!¥9«F ?_?¡?_?¡?_?¡?_?¡?w«?)0?z6«,!m«F?:;w«?)0?z6«,!m«F?:;w«?)0?z6«,!m«F?:;w«?)0?z ?´8?w«?«?$?6?¡!?´8?w«?«?$?6?¡!?´8?w«?«?$?6?¡!?´8?w«?«?$?6?¡!? |?¡_?!?«!?«!h?|?¡_?!?«!?«!h?|?¡_?!?«!?«!h?|?¡_?!?«!?«!h? ?d?¡?8?d?¡?8?d?¡?8?d?¡?8 ? ? ? ? ?»e?»e?»e?»e? ? ? ? ?S?,G?$?ª?e?S?,G?$?ª?e?S?,G?$?ª?e?S?,G?$?ª?e? ? ?bc?,=#Rß?$?ª?e?bc?,=#Rß?$?ª?e?bc?,=#Rß?$?ª?e?bc?,=#Rß?$?ª?e ?!?!?!?!?*+,?lª?*+,?lª?*+,?lª?*+,?lª? ?!?!?!?!?!?,?,?,?, ?+?ª?+?ª?+?ª?+?ª?“?#?“?#?“?#?“?#? ?!?!?!?!?!?$?j?ª?$?j?ª?$?j?ª?$?j?ª? ? ?!?!?!?!?!?,?¡/?ª?,?¡/?ª?,?¡/?ª?,?¡/?ª?!?o?c?o?c?o?c?o?c llll?$?%“e?S?3?S?I?=W!?e?S?3?S?I?=W!?e?S?3?S?I?=W!?e?S?3?S?I? ?A;I8?A;I8?A;I8?A;I8 BBBB ?)08?)08?)08?)08 CCCC ;d=W¯ ;d=W¯ ;d=W¯ ;d=W¯ ? ? ? ?D?D?D?D? ? ? ?Kk?8?Kk?8?Kk?8?Kk?8 EEEE ?g?8?g?8?g?8?g?8 FFFF x:;G!?;Gg?:d?8x:;G!?;Gg?:d?8x:;G!?;Gg?:d?8x:;G!?;Gg?:d?8 ? ?#?#?#?#?O?Y?He8O?Y?He8O?Y?He8O?Y?He8 ?* * * *?H?H?H?H+ + + +gO?YWr!bc:?H?8?gO?YWr!bc:?H?8?gO?YWr!bc:?H?8?gO?YWr!bc:?H?8? H?$mX¢H?$mX¢H?$mX¢H?$mX¢ 2222 ?H89O?YWXF:?8?H89O?YWXF:?8?H89O?YWXF:?8?H89O?YWXF:?8 5555 IH89O?N F:?8IH89O?N F:?8IH89O?N F:?8IH89O?N F:?8 7777 ?H89“«?F?H89“«?F?H89“«?F?H89“«?F? ? ? ?«?«?«?«? ? ? ?:?8:?8:?8:?8 ? ?H!?O?Y!“?J?!?,O?H!?O?Y!“?J?!?,O?H!?O?Y!“?J?!?,O?H!?O?Y!“?J?!?,O ?!?8?!?8?!?8?!?8 ? ,?,?,?,?O?N e?a?O?N e?a?O?N e?a?O?N e?a? ? g“#$?KL?we?!g“#$?KL?we?!g“#$?KL?we?!g“#$?KL?we?! ?O?,?FO?!?FN ?e?8?O?,?FO?!?FN ?e?8?O?,?FO?!?FN ?e?8?O?,?FO?!?FN ?e?8? ?wa?8?wa?8?wa?8?wa?8 ? ? ? ?ZO?bc9LF:?8?!Sg:?´M?:?8?U;?!Sg:?´M?:?8?U;?!Sg:?´M?:?8?U;?!Sg:?´ O?!N F4O?Y?$mS4?O?!N F4O?Y?$mS4?O?!N F4O?Y?$mS4?O?!N F4O?Y?$mS4?* * * *PYPYPYPY+ + + +? ? ? ?O?O?O?O ? ? ? ?!O?F45O?o?o?o?o?V/;?I=?0l¢8?K;V/;?I=?0l¢8?K;V/;?I=?0l¢8?K;V/;?I=?0l¢8 ? ?wx?KA?w?wx?KA?w?wx?KA?w?wx?KA?w? ? ? ? ? ?$?l¢?dlS«l=/08?dl,!+?F?$?l¢?dlS«l=/08?dl,!+?F?$?l¢?dlS«l=/08?dl,!+?F?$?l¢?dlS«l=/08?dl,!+?F ?ae$?Mdl?3!l¢?427?ae$?Mdl?3!l¢?427?ae$?Mdl?3!l¢?427?ae$?Mdl?3!l¢?427? :?!fl ?¥W?¥?ß?8?V-?M«l :?!fl ?¥W?¥?ß?8?V-?M«l :?!fl ?¥W?¥?ß?8?V-?M«l :?!fl ?¥W?¥?ß?8?V-?M«l ?!?K?0M«l”?8?!?K?0M«l”?8?!?K?0M«l”?8?!?K?0M«l”?8 ? ? ? ? ?1d?=l¢?K/?8?/?I?!/?1d?=l¢?K/?8?/?I?!/?1d?=l¢?K/?8?/?I?!/?1d?=l¢?K/?8?/?I?!/ ?I_?K?!?Z/08?I_?K?!?Z/08?I_?K?!?Z/08?I_?K?!?Z/08 #? #? #? #? ?23?K/?8?4?S?!?K/?23?K/?8?4?S?!?K/?23?K/?8?4?S?!?K/?23?K/?8?4?S?!?K/ ?$?l?23?!?TU?Va8?$?l?23?!?TU?Va8?$?l?23?!?TU?Va8?$?l?23?!?TU?Va8 ? ? ? ? l¢$?¡?,?$34?3!?+?F? !bl¢$?¡?,?$34?3!?+?F? !bl¢$?¡?,?$34?3!?+?F? !bl¢$?¡?,?$34?3!?+?F? !b a?h?:?_?8a?h?:?_?8a?h?:?_?8a?h?:?_?8 ? ? ? ? $?¡,?KV¥?0l¢!$?¡,?KV¥?0l¢!$?¡,?KV¥?0l¢!$?¡,?KV¥?0l¢!$* * * *?¡«l?¡«l?¡«l?¡«l+ + + + 34?3834?3834?3834?38 ? 55556 6 6 655556 6 6 67777 ? ? ? ? ?