BS-1845-1984.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS 1845:1984 Specification for Filler metals for brazing UDC 621.791.36.042/.046 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1845:1984 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Welding Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30 April 1984 © BSI 03-1999 First published February 1952 First revision December 1966 Second revision April 1977 Third revision April 1984 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference WEE/19 Draft for comment 82/78741 DC ISBN 0 580 13588 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Welding Standards Committee (WEE/-) to Technical Committee WEE/19 upon which the following bodies were represented: BNF Metals Technology Centre British Association for Brazing and Soldering British Non-ferrous Metals Federation Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Heating and Ventliating Contractors Association Joint Industry Board for Services in England and Wales Plumbing Trades Union Welding Institute Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1845:1984 © BSI 03-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Composition of material1 3Vacuum applications1 4Quality control1 5Marking1 6Manufacturers certificate2 Appendix A Filler metals for vacuum brazing and/or high vacuum applications11 Appendix B References to health and safety publications11 Table 1 Group AL: aluminium brazing filler metals3 Table 2 Group AG: silver brazing filler metals4 Table 3 Group CP: copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals5 Table 4 Group CU: copper brazing filler metals6 Table 5 Group CZ: copper-zinc brazing filler metals7 Table 6 Group HTN: nickel and cobalt brazing filler metals8 Table 7 Group PD: palladium bearing brazing filler metals9 Table 8 Group AU: gold bearing brazing filler metals10 Table 9 Filler metals for vacuum brazing and/or high vacuum applications11 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1845:1984 ii © BSI 03-1999 Foreword This revision of this British Standard, which has been prepared under the direction of the Welding Standards Committee, supersedes BS 1845:1977, which is withdrawn, and reflects the developments that have taken place since that earlier edition was published. This has resulted in more types being included particularly for aluminium and copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals although some silver brazing filler metals have also been changed. Some minor changes in composition have been made and these have largely concerned impurity limits. Beryllium and cadmium limits in particular have been adjusted as part of a wider look at the safety aspects of brazing. In this revision the material designations for aluminium alloys have been changed to those used in the International Alloy Designation System for Wrought Aluminium and Wrought Aluminium Alloys, which has been adopted in the United Kingdom and is now used in other British Standards. This system is administered by the Aluminium Association Inc., who issued the “Registration Record of International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys”. Similarly the type designations for nickel and cobalt base brazing filler metals have been changed so that the numbers generally correspond with the American Welding Society Standard ANSI/AWS A5 8-81. Reference should be made to BS 1723 for details regarding the use of the various filler metals specified in this standard; but if in doubt, advice should be sought from the supplier as to the suitability of a particular filler metal for the material being brazed and the service conditions involved. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1845:1984 © BSI 03-19991 1 Scope This British Standard specifies a range of filler metals used for brazing and lays down requirements regarding the quality control system at the manufacturers works. The filler metals are grouped under the following headings: Filler metals for vacuum applications are given separately in Appendix A. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Composition of material The filler metal shall be in accordance with one of the compositions shown in Table 1 to Table 8. Filler metal, including any brazing consumable in which it may be supplied, shall be free from any inclusions and contaminants likely to impair the flow of the filler metal. NOTE 1The melting and, where given, application ranges of the filler metals given in the last columns of the tables are for general information only. NOTE 2Brazing filler metals are available as rod, wire, foil (or preforms made from them) or powder or as a constituent of a flux or binder paste, etc. The form of the material should be the subject of agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 3 Vacuum applications Filler metals of the silver, gold, or palladium type to be used for brazing parts for service under high vacuum conditions shall comply with the special impurity limits given in Table 9 in Appendix A. Where there is a preference for high purity filler metals for vacuum brazing applications the filler metals given in Appendix A shall be used. Filler metal complying with the requirements of Appendix A shall have the letter V added to the designation of the filler metal type. NOTENickel and cobalt filler metals although used for vacuum brazing do not require special impurity limits. 4 Quality control1) The manufacturer shall have a quality control system to ensure that all filler metals (and brazing consumables containing them) supplied satisfy the requirements of this standard. The system shall be documented and provide for the ready detection of discrepancies and for timely and positive corrective action. The system shall provide records such that the identification number of each batch of consumables shall provide references to the manufacturers own documented records. Tests and inspections shall be performed during manufacture so that continuous quality control of production is maintained and any departure from the accepted quality will be detected before despatch. From each batch a sufficient quantity shall be taken to allow execution of the quality control tests defined in the manufacturers system. Compositions are determined by recognized analytical test methods. When any test specimen fails to satisfy the test requirements, two further test specimens shall be prepared, using material from the same batch and submitted to the test in which failure occurred. Provided that the tests on both of the additional specimens are satisfactory, the filler metal shall be deemed to have passed that test. 5 Marking Each package of brazing filler metal shall be clearly marked with the following information: a) the number and date of this British Standard i.e. BS 1845:19842) and the particular type designation; b) the name of the supplier; c) the size and quantity of material; d) the batch number; e) the presence of cadmium where this is a constituent (i.e. above 0.025 %) of the filler metal; f) a health warning (see Appendix B) and the general warning sign (given below) accompanied by the appropriate cautionary wording indicating: 1) the hazards associated with the use of the filler metal; 2) a reference to the manufacturers safety instructions. ALaluminium brazing filler metals AGsilver brazing filler metals CPcopper-phosphorus brazing filler metals CUcopper brazing filler metals CZcopper-zinc brazing filler metals HTN nickel and cobalt base brazing filler metals PDpalladium bearing brazing filler metals AUgold bearing brazing filler metals 1) Further guidance on general principles may be obtained from BS 4891. 2) Marking BS 1845:1984 on or in relation to a product is a claim by the manufacturer that the product has been manufactured to the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of such a claim is therefore solely the manufacturers responsibility. Enquiries as to the availability of third party certification to support such claims should be addressed to the Director, Quality Assurance Division, BSI, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4SQ for certification marks administered by BSI or to the appropriate authority for other certification marks. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1845:1984 2 © BSI 03-1999 6 Manufacturers certificate The manufacturer shall provide for the issue of a certificate, which shall certify that the filler metals comply with the requirements of this British Standard. NOTEThis certificate will only be provided when specifically requested by the purchaser at the time of placing the order. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1845:1984 © BSI 03-19993 Table 1 Group AL: aluminium brazing filler metals Typea Previous type reference Composition (% by mass) Melting range (approximately) SiliconIronCopperManganese MagnesiumZincTitaniumBerylliumbBismuthOther elements Aluminium Solidus Liquidus min. max. max.min. max.max.min.max.max.max.max.min.max. each min. total max. 4004 4043A 4045 4047A 4104 4145A 4343 AL2 AL1 9.0 4.5 9.0 11.0 9.0 9.0 6.8 10.5 6.0 11.0 13.0 10.5 11.0 8.2 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 3.0 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.25 5.0 0.25 0.10 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.10 0.15 0.10 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.20 0.05 0.10 2.0 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.02 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder °C 555 575 575 575 555 520 575 °C 590 630 590 585 590 585 615 NOTEAnalysis is regularly made only for the elements for which specific limits are shown. If, however, the presence of other elements is suspected to be, or in the course of routine analysis is indicated to be, in excess of the specified limits, further analysis is made to determine that these elements are not in excess of the amount specified. a See foreword. b The beryllium limit has been introduced for health and safety reasons and does not appear in the registered international composition. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1845:1984 4 © BSI 03-1999 Table 2 Group AG: silver brazing filler metals Type Composition (% by mass) Melting range (approximately) SilverCopperZinc Cadmiuma TinManganeseNickelImpurity limits applicable to all typesSolidusLiquidus min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.min.max.max. AG1 AG2 AG3 AG11 AG12 AG14 AG20b AG21b AG5 AG7d AG9 AG13 AG18 AG19 49.0 41.0 37.0 33.0 29.0 54.0 39.0 29.0 42.0 71.0 49.0 59.0 48.0 84.0 51.0 43.0 39.0 35.0 31.0 56.0 41.0 31.0 44.0 73.0 51.0 61.0 50.0 86.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 24.0 27.0 20.0 29.0 35.0 36.0 27.0 14.5 25.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 21.0 26.0 29.0 22.0 31.0 37.0 38.0 29.0 16.5 27.0 17.0 14.0 14.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 21.0 27.0 31.0 18.0 13.5 12.0 21.0 18.0 18.0 24.0 22.0 23.0 23.0 29.0 33.0 22.0 17.5 16.0 25.0 18.0 24.0 19.0 20.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 26.0 21.0 22.0 22.0 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 17.0 0.025 0.025 0.025 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 6.5 14.0 8.5 16.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 5.0 Aluminium Beryllium Bismuth Lead Phosphorus Silicon Titanium Zirconium Total of all impurities 0.0010 0.0005 0.005 0.025 0.008 0.05 0.002 0.002 0.25 °C 620 610 605 610 600 630 650 665 690 780 635 695 680 960 °C 640 620 650 670 690 660 710 755 770 780 655 730 705 970 a Filler metals containing cadmium produce fumes during brazing that, if inhaled, can be dangerous to health. In view of the low Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for cadmium oxide, 0.05 mg/m3, it is recommended that a local extraction system is used during brazing. b Attention is drawn to the fact that it is claimed that AG20 and AG21 are the subject of British patent No. 1436943 and No. 1532879 respectively, copies of which can be obtained from the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London WC2A lAY. BSI takes no position as to the validity of the patents or whether they are still in force. The patents are irrevocably endorsed “licences of right” under Section 46 of the Patents Act 1977 (or Section 35 (2) (a) of the Patents Act 1949 if applicable), which states: c “3) Where such an entry is made in respect of a patent a) any person shall, at any time after the entry is made, be entitled as of right to a licence under the patent on such terms as may be settled by agreement or, in default of agreement, by the Comptroller on the application of the proprietor of the patent or the person requiring the licence.” Licence details may be obtained from the registered proprietors of the patents. d For vacuum applications see Appendix A. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1845:1984 © BSI 03-19995 Table 3 Group CP: copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals NOTEThese filler metals should never be used on ferrous metals, nickel-base alloys or copper alloys containing nickel. TypeComposition (% by mass)Melting range (approximately) Minimum brazing temperaturea (approximately)CopperPhosphorusSilverAntimonyImpurity limits applicable to all types SolidusLiquidus min.max.min.max.min.max.max.max. CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5b CP6 Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder 4.3 6.1 7.0 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.0 6.9 7.8 6.3 6.4 6.5 14.0 1.8 4.5 15.0 2.2 5.5 1.8