BS-3237-1960.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS 3237:1960 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Light and medium rolling stock for mineral haulage in mines Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:35:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3237:1960 This British Standard, having been approved by the Colliery Requisites Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council on 31 March 1960 © BSI 04-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CRE/7 Draft for comment CZ(CRE) 6238 ISBN 0 580 34408 8 Co-operating organizations The Colliery Requisites Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Mining, Electrical particulars to be supplied with enquiry or order25 Appendix B Certificate of test and examination of drawgear26 Appendix C Requirements for testing machines26 Appendix D Design formula for 1.5 per cent manganese steel hooks27 Appendix E Design formulae for 1.5 per cent manganese steel links, rings and shackles27 Appendix F Approximate metric dimensions for Table 1 to Table 431 Figure 1 Fixed wheels12 Figure 2 Loose (self-oiling) wheels14 Figure 3 Loose wheels non-precision bearing type17 Figure 4 Methods of testing fixed and loose wheels for true running18 Figure 5 Eye hooks, trapezoidal section21 Figure 6 Dee link23 Figure 7 Typical coupling unit with hook and Dee shackle24 Figure 8 Typical coupling unit with hook and Dee link24 Table 1 Dimensions for fixed wheels13 Table 2 Dimensions for loose (self-oiling) wheels15 Table 3 Dimensions for loose wheels non-precision bearing type16 Table 4 Dimensions for pedestals for use with fixed or loose wheels and axles19 Table 5 Dimensions for eye hooks, trapezoidal section20 Table 6 Metric equivalents of dimensions and recommended maximum loads for fixed wheels in Table 131 Table 7 Metric equivalents of dimensions and recommended maximum loads for (self-oiling) wheels in Table 233 Table 8 Metric equivalents of dimensions and recommended maximum loads for loose wheels (non-precision bearing type) in Table 335 Table 9 Metric equivalents of dimensions of pedestals for use with fixed or loose wheels and axles, in Table 437 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:35:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3237:1960 © BSI 04-2000iii Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 4, Dimensions and properties of channels and beams for structural purposes. BS 4A, Dimensions and properties of equal angles, unequal angles and T-bars for structural purposes. BS 15, Structural steel. BS 18, Tensile testing of metals. BS 240, Brinell hardness testing, Part I. BS 309, Whiteheart malleable iron castings. BS 350, Conversion factors and tables. BS 860, Table of approximate comparison of hardness scales. BS 1452, Grey iron castings. BS 1473, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys. Rivet, bolt and screw stock for forging. BS 1476, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys. Bars, rods and sections. BS 1477, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys. Plate. BS 1610, Verification of testing machines, Part 1. BS 1718, Tolerances for steel drop forgings and upset forgings. BS 2772, Iron and steel for colliery haulage and winding equipment Part 2: Wrought steel. BS 2902, Higher tensile steel chain slings and rings, links alternative to rings, egg links and intermediate links. BS 2903, Higher tensile steel hooks for chains, slings, blocks and general engineering purposes. BS 2994, Cold rolled steel sections. BS 3032, Higher tensile steel shackles. BS 3100, Steel castings for general engineering purposes. The need for a British Standard to deal with the principles of design and the specification of certain major components of mineral haulage rolling stock generally known in British coal mining as “pit tubs”, “trams”, or “hutches” was agreed by the BSI Technical Committee initially charged with preparing a revision of BS 413, “Steel tub wheels (fixed, running and self-oiling) for use in mines”. BS 413 has now been withdrawn in favour of this more comprehensive standard. In preparing standard requirements for the complete vehicle, care has been taken to avoid detail that would unnecessarily restrict design. Hence the specifications for bodies, underframes and certain items of drawgear deal mainly with design principles and basic requirements essential to a product of good quality. As the standard may have application for mineral haulage other than within collieries, the terms mentioned above have not been used, preference being for a more general classification as “rolling stock”, but with a definite limit of capacity. In the interests of improved standardization, the range of wheel sizes for both fixed and loose wheels, has been considerably reduced compared with the present National Coal Board specification, by eliminating the 1/4 in. increments of size. A new series of wheel numbers has therefore been introduced. It is intended that the British Standard numbers will gradually replace the National Coal Board numbers through the medium of purchasing based on this standard. In the tables of wheel and axle dimensions are also given recommended maximum loads on four wheels, not previously specified. In view of the limited use of wheels with outside journals, details are given only of the inside journal type, but the wheels in either case should comply with this standard. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:35:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3237:1960 ii © BSI 04-2000 The Committee gave careful consideration to the “falling and deformation” test for wheels specified in BS 413, and referred to in the National Coal Board specification. In view of the doubtful value of these tests, the more stringent requirements of the present specification for wheels, and the fact that the tests have not been called for by the purchaser, these tests have been omitted from the new standard. The hooks for drawgear are of trapezoidal cross-section, similar in design to hooks in other British Standards. Full account has been taken of the conditions operating in haulage drawgear. The trapezoidal design affords an optimum cross-section providing maximum strength at minimum weight and, when made in quantity, is cheaper to produce than other designs. In the appendices to this standard, design formulae are given not only for hooks but also for links, rings and shackles to assist makers in efficient design. The Committee desires to record its indebtedness to the Engineering Division of the National Physical Laboratory1) for the theoretical investigations and the large amount of experimental work which formed the basis of the section dealing with hooks. NOTEWhere metric equivalents have been given, the figures in British units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric conversions are approximate. More accurate conversions should be based on the tables in BS 350, Part 1, “Conversion factors and tables”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 38 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) Now the National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:35:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3237:1960 © BSI 04-20001 1 Scope This British Standard covers materials, basic design requirements, and constructional details, including specifications for individual components, for small and medium rolling stock with capacities below 60 cu. ft (1.7 m3) employing fixed wheels, or loose wheels not incorporating precision bearings. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:35:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3237:1960 2 © BSI 04-2000 Part 1: Bodies and Underframes Section 1. Bodies 2 General Bodies shall be either of the riveted, or sectional bolted, or welded type, at the option of the purchaser. The bodies shall be of basically rectangular shape, and of either flat bottom or well bottom type according to requirements. 3 Materials a) Steel bodies. The materials shall be generally of mild steel, to BS 15, “Structural steel, Quality 1”. The side, end, and bottom plate thicknesses shall be in the range of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) up to 1/4 in. (6.3 mm) inclusive, in any required combination; unless special conditions necessitate the use of plate of greater thicknesses. If required, the plates may be made of accepted corrosion-resisting and/or abrasion-resisting steels, or of mild steel galvanized after fabrication. b) Aluminium alloy bodies. Sections shall comply with HE 30-WP or HE-30W of BS 14762). Plates shall comply with HP 30-WP or HP 30-W of BS 14773). Both sections and plates shall be used in the same range of thicknesses as for steel. Rivet bolt and screw stock shall comply with HR 30-W in BS 14734). Where steel bolts or screws are used, these shall have a suitable non-ferrous coating. Where aluminium and steel are combined in the same design, the one must be insulated from the other to avoid galvanic corrosion. If steel rivets are used, the holes in the aluminium alloy members should be treated with an insulating material and, after the rivet has been driven, the head of the rivet and the surrounding metal should be thoroughly cleaned and coated with insulating material. Wherever practicable, however, aluminium rivets should be used. 4 Design and construction a) Basic design requirements. The design shall be such as to provide the following relationships of basic length and height: i) The length of the drawbar shall be at least 2 in. (50.8 mm) less than the length over the buffers; ii) the length of the body shall be at least 4 in. (101.6 mm) less than the length over the buffers; iii) the wheel base shall be not less than 1/3 of the length over the buffers; iv) the overall dimensions of the body, in relation to the rail gauge and wheel base, shall be such as to maintain stability when running on the track. b) Construction. In all types of body, the vertical corners shall be well rounded or bevelled, and the lapping of the side and end plates shall be so arranged as to give the minimum of projection. The top edge of the body shall be of a bevelled or rounded contour. The welded body may be reinforced at the top by suitable angles, the toes of which shall be continuously welded to the plates. In any form of reinforcement of the top edge, adequate provision shall be made for continuation of the reinforcement at the vertical joints between the plates. The bodies shall be as free as possible from internal projections. Stiffening corrugations running round the body are, however, permissible and shall be designed to give an unrestricted flow of material without sharp changes in section which could form a possible build-up of corrosive matter. The bodies shall be either riveted or bolted to the underframes and internal reinforcing flats or plates shall be welded to the bottom plate to ensure sufficient bearing area in relation to the diameter of the fastening bolt or rivet. Where absolute cleanliness of the interior is required, internal reinforcement may be omitted and bodies may be welded to frames, or may have cleats welded outside the body for riveting or bolting to the underframe. Where vehicles are to be used on over-rope or over-chain haulage systems, the upper edges of the end plates shall be fitted with renewable wearing strips. Ancillary handling equipment shall be well within the confines of the buffers. 2) BS 1476, “Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys, bars, rods and sections”. 3) BS 1477, “Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys. Plate”. 4) BS 1473, “Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys. Rivet, bolt and screw stock for forging”. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 07:35:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3237:1960 © BSI 04-20003 c) Finish. Bodies shall be so designed and constructed that there are no sharp edges liable to cause personal injury. Section 2. Underframes 5 Materials a) Steel underframes. The materials shall be generally of mild steel, to BS 15,“Structural steel, Quality 1”. Longitudinal members of steel underframes shall be of standard section channels to BS 45) wherever practicable, although channel sections formed from plate, flat, or strip can be used if necessary and shall be not less than 1/4 in. (6.3 mm) thickness. Other members shall be of rolled steel channel to BS 4 or angle to BS 4A6); or of cold rolled steel section to BS 29947), or of suitable pressed, steel section (see note below). b) Aluminium alloy underframes. Sections shall comply with HE 30-WP or HE 30-W of BS 1476. Plates shall comply with HP 30-WP or HP 30W of BS 1477. Channel sections formed from plate, flat or strip can be used if necessary. Sections and plates shall be in the same range of thickness as for steel. Rivet bolt and screw stock shall comply with HR 30-W in BS 1473. Where steel bolts and nuts are used, these shall have a suitable non-ferrous coating. Alternatively, high-tensile aluminium alloy bolts and nuts may be specified by the purchaser. Where aluminium and steel are combined in the same design, the one must be insulated from the other to avoid galvanic corrosion. If steel rivets are used, the holes in the aluminium alloy members should be treated with an insulating material and, after the rivet has been driven, the head of the rivet and the surrounding metal should be thoroughly cleaned and coated with insulating material. Timber underframes. Timber underframes shall be made from well-seasoned oak and shall be straight-grained, free from knots, shakes and other flaws. 6 Construction a) Steel and aluminium alloy underframes. The underframes shall be braced or stiffened to prevent twisting. In all types of underframe, buffer faces shall be either of steel or of reinforced construction in the case of aluminium alloy, and shall be either riveted, bolted or welded to the main underframe member, or formed from that member. To absorb buffing shocks, timber, rubber pads or springs, or proprietary units of like kind, may be inserted between the buffer face and the main underframe member. Pedestal stops shall be provided on the longitudinal members to resist shear on bolts or rivets where use