BS-ISO-14740-1998.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 14740:1998 Forestry machinery Backpack power units for brush cutters, grass trimmers, pole cutters and similar appliances Safety requirements and testing ICS 65.060.70; 65.060.80 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14740:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1998 © BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30261 X National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14740:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AGE/29, Forestry Machinery, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14740:1998 © BSI 05-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Forewordiii Text of ISO 147401 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14740:1998 ii © BSI 05-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Safety requirements2 4.1Exhaust system2 4.2Controls2 4.2.1 Throttle trigger2 4.2.2 Engine-stopping device2 4.3Handgrip2 4.4Engine support2 4.5Harness2 4.6Power driven components2 4.7Hydraulic and pneumatic pipes and hoses2 4.8Protection against contact with hot parts3 4.9Protection against contact with parts under high voltage3 4.10Tank openings3 4.11Starting device3 4.12Clutch3 5Verification of safety requirements3 6Markings4 7Instruction handbook4 Annex A (normative) List of hazards6 Figure 1 Test cone3 Table 1 Safety requirements and testing method4 Table A.1 List of hazards6 Descriptors: Agricultural machinery, forest equipment, accident prevention, operator protection, portable equipment, mechanically-operated devices, saws, grass-trimmers, brush cutters, propulsion engines, specifications, safety requirements, tests, marking, instructions for use. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14740:1998 © BSI 05-1999iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 14740 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 17, Manually portable forest machinery. Requirements for hazards not covered in this International Standard are given in ISO/TR 12100. Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14740:1998 © BSI 05-19991 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of backpack power units incorporating a combustion engine as a power source to power brush-cutters, grass-trimmers, pole-cutters and similar appliances. It describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards arising from the use of the backpack power units, but does not cover hazards resulting from the use of the attached appliance. Therefore this International Standard cannot be used alone for the assessment of the machine safety aspects for a machine with a backpack power unit, and must only serve as a reference for specifications concerning the backpack power unit itself. It does not specify any technical requirements to reduce noise and whole body vibration hazards. Indeed the different means available to reduce these hazards are a matter for the technical aids to which the manufacturer may resort, through specialized books or specific bodies. NOTEAn agreed method to measure whole body vibration from the backpack power unit is presently not available. The list of significant hazards requiring action to reduce the risk is given in Annex A. Environmental aspects have not been considered in this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3767-5:1992, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Symbols for operator controls and other displays Part 5: Symbols for manual portable forestry machinery. ISO 6531:, Machinery for forestry Portable hand-held chain-saws Vocabulary1). ISO 7112:, Machinery for forestry Portable hand-held brush-cutters and grass-trimmers Vocabulary2). ISO 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazards pictorials General principles. ISO/TR 12100-1:1992, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology3). ISO/TR 12100-2:1992, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications4). ISO 13852:1996, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs5). IEC 60335-1:1991, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances Part 1: General requirements. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in ISO 6531 and ISO 7112 and the following apply. 3.1 backpack power unit power source which is designed to be carried on the operators body by means of a supporting device 3.2 brush-cutter unit with a rotating blade made of metal or plastic, intended for cutting weeds, brush, small trees and similar vegetation 3.3 handgrip surface or structure specifically designed for the operators hand to grasp to enable manoeuvring of the backpack power unit 3.4 powered pole-cutter portable unit designed to allow an operator to use a cutting device to cut branches of trees whilst remaining at a distance from the cutting zone 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 6531:1982) 2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 7112:1982) 3) Equivalent to EN 292-1:1991. 4) Equivalent to EN 292-2:1991. 5) Equivalent to EN 294:1992. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14740:1998 2 © BSI 05-1999 3.5 appliance tool which includes a transmission shaft, cutting attachment, guard and handles 3.6 unit complete machine including backpack power unit with harness and an appliance 4 Safety requirements Each backpack power unit shall be in accordance with the requirements below. 4.1 Exhaust system The exhaust outlet shall be located so as to direct exhaust emissions away from the operator when placed on his back or hips. 4.2 Controls All controls shall be designed to be operable by an operator wearing gloves. 4.2.1 Throttle trigger 4.2.1.1 The backpack power unit shall either have a throttle trigger lockout or be designed so that a straight and rigid gauge of 10 mm diameter and 200 mm length shall not activate the throttle trigger to such an extent that the engine speed is raised above the idling speed. 4.2.1.2 The throttle trigger shall be possible to attach on the appliance so that it can be pressed and released with one hand holding the handle of the appliance on which the throttle trigger is mounted. 4.2.1.3 The throttle trigger shall, when released, automatically revert to the idling position and be retained in that position by the automatic engagement of a throttle trigger lockout. 4.2.1.4 If a throttle lock is provided for starting, it shall be automatically released when the throttle trigger is operated. The throttle lock shall be so designed that two or more independent motions are required to engage the throttle lock. 4.2.1.5 In the starting mode power can be transmitted to the appliance. 4.2.2 Engine-stopping device The backpack power unit shall be fitted with an engine-stopping device by which the engine can be brought to a full stop and does not depend on sustained manual effort for its operation. The control for this device shall be attached adjacent to the throttle control so that it can be operated while the appliance is being held by an operator with both hands. The purpose and method of operation of the device shall be clearly and durably marked. The colour of the control shall clearly contrast with the background. 4.3 Handgrip A handgrip shall be available. It can be a part of the frame, and shall allow an operator alone to grasp the backpack power unit to place it on the back or hip. 4.4 Engine support The engine shall be supported on a backpack frame designed to distribute the load evenly on the operators back, shoulders, waist and/or hips. 4.5 Harness 4.5.1 A suitable harness shall be provided to carry the backpack frame. It shall be adjustable to the size of the operator. 4.5.2 A double shoulder harness shall be provided for all backpack power units exceeding a dry mass of 7,5 kg. 4.5.3 The harness shall be designed to prevent slipping and so that pressure can be evenly distributed on the operators back, shoulders and/or waist. 4.5.4 The harness design, or the quick release mechanism shall enable the backpack power unit to be released quickly from the operator in case of emergency. The design of the connection between the harness and those parts of the backpack power unit suspended from it shall be such that separation will only occur by deliberate action of the operator. 4.6 Power driven components The backpack power unit shall be constructed to ensure that when used as intended, the operator is protected from power driven components such as sprockets, flexible drive lines, pulleys, shafts, gears, flywheels, fan blades and also drive belts and chains. For openings, the requirements of ISO 13852:1996, 4.5.2 and 4.5.3, shall be met. 4.7 Hydraulic and pneumatic pipes and hoses Hydraulic and pneumatic pipes and hoses subject to internal pressures greater than 500 kPa shall be shielded to prevent operator injury in the event of leakage. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:26:33 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14740:1998 © BSI 05-19993 4.8 Protection against contact with hot parts The cylinder and exhaust or parts being in direct contact with the cylinder and exhaust shall be guarded so that they are not accessible by unintentional contact during normal operation. If hot parts are accessible, they shall not have a contacted area greater than 10 cm2. They shall be considered accessible if they can be reached by the test cone, as shown in Figure 1. The temperature for the accessible parts shall not cause a hazard to the operator. For further information, see EN 563:19946), and especially its Annex C. 4.9 Protection against contact with parts under high voltage Ignition interruption or short-circuiting devices shall be provided and shall be fitted on the lower voltage side. All high voltage parts of the circuit, including spark plug terminals, shall be electrically protected in such a manner that the operator cannot make accidental contact with them. The requirements shall be checked by inspection and using a finger probe, as described in IEC 60335-1:1991, Figure 1. 4.10 Tank openings 4.10.1 The fuel cap shall have a retainer. The diameter of the fuel tank opening shall be at least 20 mm. 4.10.2 The opening or cap shall be clearly marked. 4.10.3 The design of the cap shall be such that no apparent leakage occurs whilst the engine is at the normal operating temperature, in all working positions and while being transported. Seepage from any fuel tank ventilation system shall not constitute a leakage. 4.10.4 The filler openings shall be located so that the filling of the tanks with a suitable funnel is not obstructed by other components. 4.11 Starting device A starting device shall be provided to allow the engine to be started without using separate independent auxiliary assistance (for example belts or cables). When the backpack power unit is fitted with an electric starting device, two or more independent motions shall be required to enga