BS-ISO-1817-2005.pdf
BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 1817:2005 Rubber, vulcanized Determination of the effect of liquids ICS 83.060 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 1817:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 January 2006 © BSI 23 January 2006 ISBN 0 580 46887 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 1817:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO 1817:1999 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/22, Physical testing of rubber, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 1817:2005(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1817 Fourth edition 2005-10-15 Rubber, vulcanized Determination of the effect of liquids Caoutchouc, vulcanisé Détermination de laction des liquides BS ISO 1817:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references1 3 Apparatus .2 4 Test liquids.3 5 Test pieces .4 5.1 Preparation.4 5.2 Dimensions.4 5.3 Time interval between vulcanization and testing.4 5.4 Conditioning.4 6 Immersion in the test liquid5 6.1 Temperature.5 6.2 Duration 5 7 Procedure .5 7.1 General5 7.2 Change in mass .6 7.3 Change in volume6 7.4 Change in dimensions 7 7.5 Change in surface area .8 7.6 Change in hardness 8 7.7 Change in tensile stress-strain properties9 7.8 Testing with liquid on one surface only9 7.9 Determination of extractable matter10 8 Test report10 Annex A (normative) Reference liquids12 A.1 Standard simulated fuels12 A.2 Reference oils 13 A.3 Simulated service liquids15 A.4 Chemical reagents.15 BS ISO 1817:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1817 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 1817:1999), of which it constitutes a minor revision the main purpose of which was to update the normative references clause. BS ISO 1817:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI v Introduction The action of a liquid on vulcanized rubber may generally result in a) absorption of the liquid by the rubber; b) extraction of soluble constituents from the rubber; c) a chemical reaction with the rubber. The amount of absorption a) is usually larger than that of extraction b) so that the net result is an increase in volume, commonly termed “swelling”. The absorption of liquid can profoundly alter physical and chemical properties and hence change tensile strength, extensibility and hardness of the rubber, so it is important to measure these properties after treatment of the rubber. The extraction of soluble constituents, especially plasticizers and antidegradants, can likewise alter the rubber's physical properties and chemical resistance after drying (assuming the liquid to be volatile). Therefore, it is necessary to test these properties following immersion or drying of the rubber. This International Standard describes the methods necessary for determining the changes in the following properties: change in mass, volume and dimensions; extractable matter; change in hardness and tensile stress-strain properties after immersion and after immersion and drying. Although in some respects these tests may simulate service conditions, no direct correlation with service behaviour is implied. Thus, the rubber giving the lowest change in volume is not necessarily the best one in service. The thickness of the rubber must be taken into account since the rate of penetration of liquid is time- dependent and the bulk of a very thick rubber product may remain unaffected for the whole of the projected service life, especially with viscous liquids. Moreover, it is known that the action of a liquid on rubber, especially at high temperatures, can be affected by the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The tests described in this International Standard can, however, provide valuable information on the suitability of a rubber for use with a given liquid and, in particular, constitute a useful control when used for developing rubbers resistant to oils, fuels, or other service liquids. The effect of a liquid may depend on the nature and magnitude of any stress within the rubber. In this International Standard, test pieces are tested in an unstressed condition. BS ISO 1817:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Rubber, vulcanized Determination of the effect of liquids WARNING Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. CAUTION Certain procedures specified in this International Standard may involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use. 1 Scope This International Standard describes methods of evaluating the resistance of vulcanized rubbers to the action of liquids by measurement of properties of the rubbers before and after immersion in test liquids. The liquids concerned include current service liquids, such as petroleum derivatives, organic solvents and chemical reagents, as well as reference test liquids. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain properties ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) ISO 175 , Plastics Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in liquid chemicals ISO 2592 , Determination of flash and fire points Cleveland open cup method ISO 2977, Petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents Determination of aniline point and mixed aniline point ISO 3016, Petroleum products Determination of pour point ISO 3104, Petroleum products Transparent and opaque liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products Laboratory determination of density Hydrometer method ISO 5661, Petroleum products Hydrocarbon liquids Determination of refractive index ISO 23529:2004, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods BS ISO 1817:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 3 Apparatus 3.1 Total immersion apparatus, designed to take account of the volatility of the test liquid and of the immersion temperature in order to prevent and minimize evaporation of the test liquid and the ingress of air. For tests at temperatures considerably below the boiling point of the test liquid, a stoppered glass bottle or tube shall be used. For tests at temperatures near the boiling point of the test liquid, the bottle or tube shall be fitted with a reflux condenser or other suitable means of minimizing the evaporation of liquid. The bottle or tube shall be so dimensioned that the test pieces remain completely immersed and all surfaces are completely exposed to the liquid without any restriction. The volume of liquid shall be at least 15 times the combined volume of the test pieces and the volume of air above the liquid shall be kept to a minimum. The test pieces shall be mounted in jigs, preferably hanging on a rod or wire, and separated from any adjacent test piece, for instance by glass rings or other non-reactive spacers. The materials of the apparatus shall be inert to the test liquid and to the rubber; for example, materials containing copper shall not be used. 3.2 Apparatus for testing one surface only, which holds the test piece in contact with the liquid on only one of its surfaces. A suitable apparatus is illustrated in Figure 1. It comprises a base-plate (A) and an open-ended cylindrical chamber (B), which is held tightly against the test piece (C) by wing nuts (D) mounted on bolts (E). A hole of approximately 30 mm diameter is allowed in the base-plate for examination of the surface not in contact with the liquid. During the test, the opening on the top of the chamber shall be closed by a close-fitting plug (F). Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1 Apparatus for testing one surface only BS ISO 1817:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:03:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 3.3 Balance, accurate to 1 mg. 3.4 Instrument for measuring the thickness of the test piece, consisting of a micrometer dial-gauge, of adequate accuracy, firmly held in a rigid stand over a flat base-plate. The gauge shall have a scale graduated in divisions of 0,01 mm. The plunger shall be fitted with a flat circular contact having a surface area of approximately 100 mm2. The contact shall be perpendicular to the plunger and parallel to the base-plate. The dial-gauge shall operate to give a pressure on the rubber of approximately 2 kPa. 3.5 Instrument for measuring the length and width of the test piece, having a scale graduated in divisions of 0,01 mm and preferably operating without contact with the test piece, for example using an optical system. 3.6 Instrument for measuring the change in surface area, capable of measuring the lengths of the diagonals of the test pieces. It shall have a scale graduated in divisions of 0,01 mm and should preferably operate without contact with the test piece, for example using an optical system. 4 Test liquids The choice of the test liquid shall depend on the purpose of the test. When information is required on the service behaviour of a vulcanized rubber in contact with a particular liquid, then this liquid shall, if possible, be chosen for the test. Commercial liquids are not always constant in composition and the test shall, whenever practicable, include a reference material of known characteristics. Any abnormal results due to unexpected variations in the composition of the commercial liquid will thus become apparent. It may be necessary to set aside a bulk supply of the liquid for a particular series of tests. Mineral oils and fuels are liable to vary considerably in chemical composition even when supplied at a recognized specification. The aniline point of a mineral oil gives some indication of its aromatic content and helps to characterize the action of the oil on rubber, but the aniline point alone is not sufficient to characterize a mineral oil; other things being equal, the lower the aniline point, the more pronounced the action. If a mineral oil is used as test liquid, the test report shall include the density, refractive index, viscosity and aniline point or aromatic content of the oil. For the reference mineral oils described in Annex A, mineral oil raffinates are employed. Service oils having similar fluid characteristics to the reference liquids (see Annex A, Clauses A.1 to A.3) will not necessarily have the same effect on the material as the reference liquids. Some fuels, particularly gasoline, vary widely in composition and, for some possible constituents, minor variations can have a large influence on the effect on rubber. Complete details of the composition of the fuel used shall therefore be included in the test report. As commercial liquids do no
