DD-CEN-TS-14779-2005.pdf

DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 14779:2005 Solid biofuels Sampling Methods for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates ICS 75.160.10 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN/TS 14779:2005 This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 February 2006 © BSI 2 February 2006 ISBN 0 580 47737 1 National foreword This Draft for Development is the official English language version of CEN/TS 14779:2005. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because the new edition of the international document has been issued as a Technical Specification and is open to further development. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application may be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Technical Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels, at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 14779 August 2005 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid biofuels - Sampling - Methods for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates Biocombustibles solides - Echantillonnage - Méthodes de préparation des plans d'échantillonnage et des certificats d'échantillonnage Feste Biobrennstoffe - Probenahme - Verfahren zur Erstellung von Probenahmeplänen und -zertifikaten This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 19 March 2005 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 14779:2005: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Symbols and abbreviations7 5 Calculation of the volume of the combined sample.7 6 Preparation of full sampling plans.8 7 Preparation of brief sampling plans8 8 Preparation of sampling certificates .9 Annex A (informative) Model Sampling Plan and Sampling Certificate.10 Bibliography.12 CEN/TS 14779:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Foreword This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 14779:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN/TS 14779:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 Introduction Biofuels are a major source of renewable energy. Technical Specifications are needed for production, trade and use of solid biofuels. For sampling and sample preparation of biofuels the following Technical Specifications can be used: CEN/TS 14778-1, Solid biofuels - Sampling Part 1: Methods for sampling CEN/TS 14778-2, Solid Biofuels - Sampling Part 2: Methods for sampling particulate material transported in lorries CEN/TS 14779, Solid biofuels Sampling Methods for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates CEN/TS 14780, Solid biofuels - Methods for sample preparation Current practice and the best available knowledge have been used to write these Technical Specifications. The results of recent sampling experiments may be used to improve the sampling plans. These Technical Specifications can be used by production and trading of solid biofuels. They are also useful for buyers of solid biofuels, regulators, controllers and laboratories. CEN/TS 14779:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes methods for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either: fine and regularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 10 mm that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example: sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets; coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials, particle sizes up to about 200 mm that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example: wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and loose straw; baled materials that require a special sampling tool to be used if the bales are not to be broken open for sampling, for example baled straw or grass; large pieces (particles sizes above 200 mm) which are to be picked manually; Fibrous and vegetable waste dewatered in belt press. The methods described in this Technical Specification may be used, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, and impurities. The methods are not intended for obtaining the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 14588, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions. CEN/TS 14774-1, Solid biofuels Methods for determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method. CEN/TS 14774-2, Solid biofuels Methods for determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified procedure. CEN/TS 14778-1, Solid biofuels Sampling Methods for sampling. CEN/TS 14778-2, Solid biofuels Sampling Methods for sampling particulate material transported in lorries. CEN/TS 15149 (all parts), Solid biofuels Methods for the determination of particle size distribution. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 14588 and the following apply. 3.1 combined sample sample consisting of all the increments taken from a sub-lot CEN/TS 14779:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 NOTE The increments may be reduced by division before being added to the combined sample. 3.2 common sample sample collected for more than one intended use NOTE Adapted from ISO 13909 3.3 general analysis sample sub-sample of a laboratory sample having a nominal top size of 1 mm or less and used for a number of chemical and physical analyses 3.4 increment portion of fuel extracted in a single operation of the sampling device NOTE Adapted from ISO 13909 3.5 laboratory sample combined sample, or a sub-sample of a combined sample, or an increment, or a sub-sample of an increment sent to a laboratory 3.6 lot defined quantity of fuel for which the quality is to be determined NOTE 1 See also sub-lot. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 13909 3.7 mass-reduction reduction of the mass of a sample or sub-sample 3.8 moisture analysis sample sample taken specifically for the purpose of determining total moisture according to CEN/TS 14774-1 and CEN/TS 14774-2 3.9 nominal top size aperture size of the sieve used in the CEN/TS 15149 method for determining the particle size distribution of solid biofuels through which at least 95 % by mass of the material passes NOTE Adapted from ISO 13909 3.10 sample quantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which the quality is to be determined 3.11 size analysis sample sample taken specifically for the purpose of determining particle size distribution 3.12 size-reduction reduction of the nominal top size of a sample or sub-sample CEN/TS 14779:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 3.13 sub-lot part of a lot for which a test result is required NOTE Adapted from ISO 13909 EXAMPLE Consider a power station that receives 20 lorry-loads of wood chips a day. Every single lorry-load is tested for moisture content. One lorry-load is selected at random for other tests. In this example, the lot could be the quantity of fuel delivered in a day (20 lorry-loads) and the sub-lot could be a single lorry-load. 3.14 sub-sample portion of a sample 3.15 test portion sub-sample of a laboratory sample consisting of the quantity of material required for a single execution of a test method 4 Symbols and abbreviations d nominal top size, mm n number of increments V volume of an increment or sample, litre 5 Calculation of the volume of the combined sample The sampler shall refer to Parts 1 and 2 of CEN/TS 14778 for the minimum number of increments nmin and the volume of the individual increments VIncrement for the circumstances covered by the sampling plan. The sampler shall calculate the volume VCombinedSample required for the combined sample: incrementminmpleCombinedSa VnV×= (1) Where VCombinedSample is the volume required for the combined sample, litre nmin is the minimum number of increments Vincrement is the volume of the individual increments, litre The sampler shall consider what tests are to be done and calculate the required volume (mass) needed for the required determinations. The calculated volume of the combined sample shall be of such a size that sufficient material is provided for all the tests to be performed. In particular, the calculation shall take into account the need in some test methods for duplicate test portions, and for extra material to be available in case dubious results are obtained. If the calculated volume is too small, the number of increments shall be increased. When the increments are reduced in volume before they are added to the combined sample, the volume VIncrement used in this calculation shall be the volume obtained after the reduction. Table A.1 can be used to record the results of the calculation. Table 1 gives typical bulk densities of biofuels. CEN/TS 14779:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:39:21 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 8 Table 1 Typical bulk densities of biofuels Biofuel Bulk density kg/m3 pellets 550 650 briquettes 500 650 fuel powder 200 250 sawdust 290 380 shavings 140 170 wood chips 280 350 straw bale 130 180 chopped straw 80 120 6 Preparation of full sampling plans The methods used for sampling shall be those described in Parts 1 and 2 of CEN/TS 14778. A Model Sampling Plan is presented in Annex A as forms that are to be completed by the sampler. Once completed, these forms become sampling certificates. The sampler shall prepare a full sampling plan either by copying these forms or by preparing his own forms or documents containing the appropriate items selected from those shown in Annex A. Each sampling plan shall be given a unique reference number. 7 Preparation of brief sampling plans When a sampler is to carry out sampling according to the same plan repeatedly, a full sampling plan shall be prepared according to Clause 6 (it is necessary to do this only once), and a brief sampling plan shall also