IEC-PAS-62508-2007.pdf

PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION IEC PAS 62508 Pre-Standard First edition 2007-06 Guidance on human factors engineering for system life cycle applications Reference number IEC/PAS 62508:2007(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2007 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Email: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. ? Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications. ? IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available on-line and also by email. ? Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 -,-,- PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION IEC PAS 62508 Pre-Standard First edition 2007-06 Guidance on human factors engineering for system life cycle applications PRICE CODE U For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission -,-,- 2 PAS 62508 © IEC:2007(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 HF and its influence7 4.1 Understanding the HF relationships.7 4.2 Human machine comparison .7 4.3 HF engineering process 8 4.4 HF in system life cycle 8 4.5 The importance of HF designs.9 4.6 HF design criteria10 5 HF activities implementation.11 5.1 HF planning.11 5.2 HF requirements analysis in system definition .11 5.3 HF analysis in system design 12 5.4 Incorporating HF in system requirements 12 5.5 Integrating HF in systems engineering.12 5.6 Outsourcing projects and related HF issues 13 5.7 HF assessment in system operation/maintenance .14 6 HF methods14 6.1 Classification of HF methods.14 6.2 Applications of HF methods.15 Annex A (informative) HF engineering process concerning task analyses for human- system interactions.17 A.1 HF engineering process for system application scenarios.17 A.2 HF engineering process for application environment.17 A.3 HF engineering process for requirements analysis17 A.4 HF engineering process for functional analysis.17 A.5 HF engineering process for function allocation .18 A.6 HF engineering process for tasks design and analysis18 A.7 HF engineering process for human interface.18 A.8 HF engineering process for requirements reviews 18 Annex B (Informative) Summary of HF design influence and impact on system dependability19 B.1 Automation.19 B.2 Design for maintenance19 B.3 Computer-human interface .20 B.4 Incorporation of displays, controls and alarm functions.20 B.5 Incorporation of input devices.21 -,-,- PAS 62508 © IEC:2007(E) 3 B.6 Environment .21 B.7 Safety.21 B.8 Security21 Annex C (Informative) Summary of methods for HF analysis, design and development and test and evaluation 22 C.1 HF analysis methods 22 C.2 HF methods for design and development24 C.3 HF methods for test and evaluation 25 C.4 Summary of application areas for HF methods26 Bibliography27 Figure 1 Human factors influence in the system life cycle process .9 Table C.1 Summary of application areas for HF methods.26 -,-,- 4 PAS 62508 © IEC:2007(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ GUIDANCE ON HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING FOR SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE APPLICATIONS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. A PAS is a technical specification not fulfilling the requirements for a standard but made available to the public. IEC-PAS 62508 has been processed by technical committee 56: Dependability. The text of this PAS is based on the following document: This PAS was approved for publication by the P-members of the committee concerned as indicated in the following document: Draft PAS Report on voting 56/1163/PAS 56/1184/RVN Following publication of this PAS, which is a pre-standard publication, the technical committee or subcommittee concerned will transform it into an International Standard. This PAS shall remain valid for an initial maximum period of three years starting from 2007-06. The validity may be extended for a single three-year period, following which it shall be revised to become another type of normative document or shall be withdrawn. -,-,- PAS 62508 © IEC:2007(E) 5 INTRODUCTION This PAS provides technical information on human factors (HF) for engineering and implementation of systems. It fills the urgent need for an HF standard currently not available among the ISO or IEC standards. HF is one of the key system elements that have significant influence on the system design to achieve dependability performance and service quality. This PAS provides guidance and criteria to facilitate the incorporation of HF requirements in system development and operation. It permits practical HF applications and design trade-offs with other key system hardware and software elements for cost-effective implementation. The technical contents of this PAS are based on human engineering standards and guidelines established by the FAA and NASA. Technical approaches and HF methods are adopted from industry best practices suitable for systems engineering applications. The HF and human reliability knowledge base covers a broad scope of technical and scientific work. This PAS focuses on the engineering aspects for HF applications in the system life- cycle process. It does not address the human reliability issues involving the study of human anatomy, anthropometry, biomechanics, physiology, and psychology affecting system design and operation with human interactions. -,-,- 6 PAS 62508 © IEC:2007(E) GUIDANCE ON HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING FOR SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE APPLICATIONS 1 Scope This PAS describes the process on human factors (HF) influencing system dependability design and provides HF methods and practices applicable to system life-cycle implementation to achieve dependability performance. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are applicable to this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60300-1, Dependability management Part 1: Dependability management systems IEC 60300-2, Dependability management Part 2: Guidelines for dependability management IEC 60300-3-15, Dependability management Part 3-15: Guidance to engineering of system dependability1 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 human factors (HF) knowledge on human abilities, limitations, and other human characteristics that are relevant to the design and application of products affecting human-system performance 3.2 human factors engineering application of human factors knowledge to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environment for safe, comfortable, and effective human use 3.3 human reliability study of human performance in terms of probability that a person will correctly perform some system-required activity during a given time period (if time is a limiting factor) without performing any extraneous activity that can degrade the system NOTE The application of human reliability knowledge is often referred to as human reliability engineering, human engineering, or human system engineering. It is sometimes used interchangeably as human factors engineering and the scope of application may vary for each application. 3.4 ergonomics study of scientific information concerning humans to the design of objects, systems and environment for human use incorporating elements from many subjects including human anatomy, physiology, and psychology in the design NOTE Ergonomics is sometimes used interchangeably as human factors engineering. There are minor differences in approach. 1 To be published. -,-,- PAS 62508 © IEC:2007(E) 7 4 HF and its influence 4.1 Understanding the HF relationships The term “HF” is mainly used in North America. The term “ergonomics” is used in Europe and other parts of the world. HF involves working to make the environment function natural to human use. Ergonomics is matching the task and product to the human user. Ergonomics and HF engineering are often used interchangeably in the work environment. Both describe the interaction between the human user and the task demands, and the human-machine relationships. The difference between them is that ergonomics focuses on how the task affects the user, and HF engineering emphasizes the design to reduce the potential of human error in system operation. It is the HF engineering aspects influencing dependability performance that needs to be addressed in system dependability standards. The relationship of HF to system is that humans are often deployed and used in system functions. The linkage of HF to dependability is that human functions affect the influencing characteristics of reliability, maintainability and maintenance support in system performance. Human reliability is related to the field of HF engineering. It refers to the study of reliability of humans in various fields such as information processing, manufacturing, transportation, medicine and service operation. Human performance can be affected by many factors such as age, circadian rhythms, state of mind, physical health, attitude, emotions, propensity for certain common mistakes such as errors and cognitive biases. The broader issues concerning the study of human reliability are directly linked to the possible adverse consequences of human errors or oversights, especially when the human is engaged in a crucial part of a complex system for safety, security or mission critical applications involving human machine and human system interactions. HF engineering utilizes the human reliability knowledge base for application in user-centric and error-tolerant designs by adapting appropriate technologies to enhance human-system operation. 4.2 Human machine comparison The following presents an overview of human versus machine abilities for comparison. Although rapid advances in technologies have significantly increased the machine abilities, this overview presents a classical observation that remains valid in the HF field. Humans surpass machines in ability to detect small amount of visual and acoustic energy; abili