IEEE-421.5-2005.pdf

IEEE Std 421.5-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 421.5-1992) IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies I E E E 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 21 April 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the Energy Development and Power Generation Committee -,-,- IEEE Std 421.5 -2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 421.5-1992) IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies Sponsor Energy Development and Power Generation Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 29 December 2005 American National Standards Institute Approved 25 October 2005 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Excitation system models suitable for use in large-scale system stability studies are presented. Important limiters and supplementary controls are also included. The model structures presented are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control features that may come into play in long term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided. Keywords: excitation limiters, excitation systems, power system stability Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) -,-,- The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright © 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 21 April 2006. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. -,-,- iv Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction Excitation system models suitable for use in large-scale system stability studies are presented in this recommended practice. With these models, most of the excitation systems currently in widespread use on large, system-connected synchronous machines in North America can be represented. In 1968, models for the systems in use at that time were presented by the Excitation System Subcommittee and were widely used by the industry. Improved models that reflected advances in equipment and better modeling practices were developed and published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems in 1981. These models included representation of more recently developed systems and some of the supplementary excitation control features commonly used with them. In 1992, the 1981 models were updated and presented in the form of recommended practice IEEE Std 421.5-1992. In 2005, this document was further revised to add information on reactive differential compensation, excitation limiters, power factor and var controllers, and new models incorporating proportional, integral, and differential (PID) control. The model structures presented are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models and do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control features that may come into play in long-term dynamic performance studies are not represented. A sample set of data for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 421.5-2005, IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies.) -,-,- Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Participants At the time this recommended practice was completed, the Working Group had the following membership: Les Hajagos, Chair D. C. Lee, Past Chair The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. J. C. Agee Mike Basler Roger Beaulieu Roger Berube Murray Coultes James Feltes Luc Gerin-Lajoie Arjun Godhwani Robert Grondin Anne-Marie Hissel Joe Hurley Ruediger Kutzner Jim Luini Om Malik Steve Miller Richard Mummert Sandy Murdoch Shawn Patterson Manfred Reimann Graham Rogers Robert Rusch Rich Schaefer Alexander Schneider Paul Smulders Jose Taborda Robert Thornton-Jones William Ackerman J. C. Agee Ali Al Awazi Sabir Azizi-Ghannad William Bloethe Steven Brockschink Gustavo Brunello Keith Chow Gary Engmann James Feltes Robert Grondin Randall Groves Jim Gurney Anne-Marie Hissel Adrienne Hendrickson Ajit Hiranandani David Jackson Innocent Kamwa Prabha Kundur Ruediger Kutzner Lawrence Long Lisardo Lourido Omar Mazzoni Om Malik James Michalec G. Michel Charles Morse Michael Newman Shawn Patterson Manfred Reimann James Ruggieri Alexander Schneider Rich Schaefer Winfried Stach Voith Jose Taborda Shanmugan Thamilarasan Robert Thornton-Jones Gaeral Vaughn James Wilson Ahmed Zobaa -,-,- vi Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. The final conditions for approval of this standard were met on 25 October 2005. This standard was conditionally approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board on 22 September 2005, with the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Michael D. Fisher IEEE Standards Project Editor Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy Joseph Bruder Richard Cox Bob Davis Julian Forster* Joanna N. Guenin Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman William B. Hopf Lowell G. Johnson Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nikolich T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Joe D. Watson Howard L. Wolfman -,-,- Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii Contents 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 2.Normative references. 2 3.Representation of synchronous machine excitation systems in power system studies 2 4.Synchronous machine terminal voltage transducer and current compensator models 4 5.Type DCDirect current commutator exciters.6 5.1 Type DC1A excitation system model 7 5.2 Type DC2A excitation system model 8 5.3 Type DC3A excitation system model 8 5.4 Type DC4B excitation system model 9 6.Type ACAlternator-supplied rectifier excitation systems . 10 6.1 Type AC1A excitation system model 10 6.2 Type AC2A excitation system model 11 6.3 Type AC3A excitation system model 12 6.4 Type AC4A excitation system model 13 6.5 Type AC5A excitation system model 13 6.6 Type AC6A excitation system model 14 6.7 Type AC7B excitation system model 14 6.8 Type AC8B excitation system model 14 7.Type STStatic excitation systems 15 7.1 Type ST1A excitation system model. 16 7.2 Type ST2A excitation system model. 17 7.3 Type ST3A excitation system model. 18 7.4 Type ST4B excitation system model. 18 7.5 Type ST5B excitation system model. 19 7.6 Type ST6B excitation system model. 19 7.7 Type ST7B excitation system model. 20 8.Power system stabilizers 21 8.1 Type PSS1A power system stabilizer model. 21 8.2 Type PSS2B power system stabilizer model. 22 8.3 Type PSS3B power system stabilizer model. 23 8.4 Type PSS4B power system stabilizer model. 24 9.Overexcitation limiters. 25 9.1 Field winding thermal capability. 25 9.2 OEL types 26 9.3 OEL model. 27 viii Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. 10.Underexcitation limiters. 29 10.1 Circular characteristic UEL (Type UEL1 model) 30 10.2 Piecewise linear UEL (Type UEL2 model). 31 11.Power factor and reactive power controllers and regulators 34 11.1 Voltage adjuster. 35 11.2 PF controller Type I. 36 11.3 Var controller Type I . 36 11.4 PF controller Type II 38 11.5 Var controller Type II 38 12.Supplementary discontinuous excitation control. 39 12.1 General. 39 12.2 Type DEC1A discontinuous excitation control. 39 12.3 Type DEC2A discontinuous excitation control. 40 12.4 Type DEC3A discontinuous excitation control. 41 Annex A (normative) Nomenclature . 42 Annex B (normative) Per unit system 49 Annex C (normative) Exciter saturation and loading effects. 50 Annex D (normative) Rectifier regulation. 52 Annex E (normative) Representation of limits 53 Annex F (informative) Avoiding computational problems by eliminating fast feedback loops . 57 Annex G (normative) Paths for flow of induced synchronous machine negative field current 62 Annex H (informative) Sample data 64 Annex I (informative) Manufacturer model cross reference . 81 Annex J (informative) Bibliography 83 -,-,- Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies 1. Overview 1.1 Scope When the behavior of synchronous machines is to be simulated accurately in power system stability studies, it is essential that the excitation systems of the synchronous machines be modeled in sufficient detail (see Byerly and Kimbark B7 1 ). The desired models must be suitable for representing the actual excitation equipment performance for large, severe disturbances as well as for small perturbations. A 1968 IEEE Committee Report (see B18) provided initial excitation system reference models. It established a common nomenclature, presented mathematical models for excitation systems then in common use, and defined parameters for those models. A 1981 report (see IEEE Committee Report B20) extended that work. It provided models for newer types of excitation equipment not covered previously as well as improved models for older equipment. This document, based heavily on the 1981 report, is intended to again update the models, provide models for additional control features, and formalize those models in a recommended practice. To some extent, the model structures presented in this document are intended to facilitate the use of field test data as a means of obtaining model parameters. The models are, however, reduced order models, and they do not represent all of the control loops on any particular system. In some cases, the model used may represent a substantial reduction, resulting in large differences between the structure of the model and the physical system. The excitation system models themselves do not allow for regulator modulation as a function of system frequency, an inherent characteristic of some older excitation systems. The models are valid for frequency deviations of ±5% from rated frequency and oscillation frequencies up to about 3 Hz. These models would not normally be adequate for use in studies of subsynchronous resonance or other shaft torsional interaction problems. Delayed protective and control functions that may come into play in long-term dynamic performance studies are not represented. See additional information in Annex F. Where possible, the supplied models are referenced to commercial equipment and vendor names shown in Annex I. This information is given for the convenience of users of this recommended practice and does not 1 The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex J. -,-,- IEEE Std 421.5-2005IEEE STANDARD 2 Copyright © 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. constitute an endorsement by the IEEE of these products. The models thus referenced may be appropriate for equivalent excitation systems supplied by other manufacturers. A sample set of data (not necessarily typical) for each of the models, for at least one particular application, is provided in Annex H. A suffix “A” is used for the designation of models introduced or modified in IEEE Std 421.5-1992, and a suffix “B” is used for models introduced or modified in this latest recommended practice, IEEE Std 421.5-2005. Modeling work outside of the IEEE is documented in IEC 60034-16:1991 B17. Additional background is found in IEEE Committee Report B19. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI C50.10 American National Standard for Rotating Electrical MachinerySynchronous Machines. 2 IEEE Std 115 , IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Synchronous MachinesPart I: Acceptance and Performance Testing; Part II: Test Procedures and Parameter Determination for Dynamic Analysis. 3, 4 IEEE Std 421.1 , IEEE Definitions for Excita