ISO-15962-2004.pdf

Reference number ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E) © ISO/IEC 2004 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15962 First edition 2004-10-15 Information technology Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management Data protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions Technologies de l'information Identification par radiofréquence (RFID) pour la gestion d'objets Protocole de données: règles d'encodage des données et fonctions logiques de mémoire Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 22:18:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. © ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii © ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 22:18:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E) © ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.vi Introduction .vii 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms.2 3.1 Terms and definitions2 3.2 Abbreviated terms4 4 Protocol model.4 4.1 Overview .4 4.2 Layered protocol5 4.3 Functional processes6 5 Data structure.8 5.1.1 The 8-bit byte8 5.1.2 N-bit encoding8 6 Data Protocol Processor and the application interface.8 6.1 Processing transfers from ISO/IEC 15961.9 6.2 Universal Types9 6.3 Length encoding and decoding10 6.4 Decoding of Type values.10 6.4.1 Decoding of a BOOLEAN value10 6.4.2 Decoding an INTEGER value 10 6.4.3 Decoding an OBJECT IDENTIFIER value.11 6.4.4 Decoding the OCTET STRING value11 6.4.5 Decoding the SEQUENCE or SEQUENCE OF value.11 7 Data Protocol Processor and the air interface12 7.1 Air interface services.12 7.2 Defining the system information13 7.2.1 Tag Identifier.13 7.2.2 Physical block size 14 7.2.3 Number of blocks.14 7.2.4 Application Family Identifier.14 7.2.5 Storage Format.14 7.3 Configuring the Logical Memory15 7.3.1 Non- directory structure of the Logical Memory 15 7.3.2 Directory structure of the Logical Memory .16 7.3.3 Self mapping RF tags 16 8 Data flows and processes.17 8.1 Application data .17 8.1.1 Processing data transferred from ISO/IEC 15961.17 8.1.2 Processing example 18 8.2 Data object processing19 8.2.1 Compaction process19 8.2.2 Compaction Schemes20 8.2.3 Compaction Type codes21 8.2.4 Encoding the length of the compacted object21 8.2.5 Example of encoding for the Logical Memory after compaction21 8.3 Data formatting.22 8.3.1 Data Formatter Functions .22 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 22:18:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E) iv © ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved 8.3.2 Formatting the objectId 23 8.3.3 The Precursor for dataFormat not equal 2 . 24 8.3.4 The Precursor for the root-OID for dataFormat = 2 . 24 8.3.5 Encoding the RELATIVE-OID. 24 8.3.6 Encoding the OBJECT IDENTIFIER. 26 8.3.7 Encoding the root-OID for dataFormat = rootOidEncoded (2) 26 8.3.8 Encoding the object and its length 27 8.3.9 The offset byte. 27 8.3.10 The Precursor expansion byte. 27 8.3.11 The directory structure. 27 8.3.12 Addressing from the directory. 28 8.3.13 Structures of Logical Memory 28 8.4 Decoding the Logical Memory. 28 8.4.1 Overall decode strategy 28 8.4.2 Decoding the storageFormat . 28 8.4.3 Decoding the Precursor 29 8.4.4 Decoding the leading byte(s) of the encoded objectId 30 9 The Command / Response unit 31 9.1 Commands. 31 9.1.1 Configure Application Family Identifier command31 9.1.2 Configure Storage Format command 31 9.1.3 Inventory Tags command. 32 9.1.4 Add Single Object command . 32 9.1.5 Delete Object command . 32 9.1.6 Modify Object command. 32 9.1.7 Read Single Object command 33 9.1.8 Read ObjectIds command 33 9.1.9 Read All Objects command 34 9.1.10 Read Logical Memory Map command. 34 9.1.11 Inventory And Read Objects command 34 9.1.12 Erase Memory command 35 9.1.13 Get Application-based System Information command . 35 9.1.14 Add Multiple Objects command. 35 9.1.15 Read Multiple Objects command. 35 9.1.16 Read First Object command. 36 9.2 Processing arguments 36 9.2.1 afiLock 36 9.2.2 avoidDuplicate. 36 9.2.3 checkDuplicate 37 9.2.4 identifyMethod and numberOfTags. 37 9.2.5 lockStatus 38 9.2.6 maxAppLength 38 9.2.7 objectLock 38 9.2.8 storageFormatLock. 38 9.3 Completion codes . 39 9.4 Execution codes 40 10 Communications between the Data Protocol and the RF tag. 41 11 Compliance, or classes of compliance, to this International Standard. 41 11.1 Compliance of the Data Protocol Processor 41 11.2 Compliance of the Tag Driver 41 Annex A (normative) Pro Forma Description for the Tag Driver . 42 A.1 Defining the tagId 42 A.2 System information : applicationFamilyId 42 A.3 System information : storageFormat 42 A.4 Memory-related parameters . 42 A.5 Support for commands. 43 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 22:18:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E) © ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved v Annex B (normative) ISO/IEC 18000 Tag Driver Descriptions44 B.1 Tag Driver for ISO/IEC 18000-2: Parameters for Air Interface Communications below 135 kHz.44 B.2 Tag Driver for Mode 1 of ISO/IEC 18000-3: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13,56 MHz45 B.3 Tag Driver for Mode 2 of ISO/IEC 18000-3: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13,56 MHz46 B.4 Tag Driver for ISO/IEC 18000-4: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 2,45 GHz - Mode 1 47 B.5 Tag Driver for ISO/IEC 18000-4: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 2,45 GHz - Mode 2 48 B.6 Tag Driver for ISO/IEC 18000-6: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz 49 Annex C (normative) Data Compaction Schemes51 C.1 Integer compaction51 C.2 Numeric compaction51 C.3 5-bit compaction 52 C.4 6-bit compaction 52 C.5 7-bit compaction 53 C.6 Octet encodation54 Annex D (normative) ISO/IEC 646 Characters Supported by the Compaction Schemes 55 Annex E (informative) Encoding Example 59 E.1 Starting position.59 E.2 The initial state of the entry for the Logical Memory .59 E.3 The Logical Memory after data compaction59 E.4 The Logical Memory after formatting with a noDirectory accessMethod60 Annex F (informative) Logical Memory Structures 62 F.1 Notation.62 F.2 Non-directory structured Logical Memory with root-OID implicitly encoded62 F.3 Non-directory structured Logical Memory with root-OID explicitly encoded63 F.4 Directory structured Logical Memory with root-OID implicitly encoded .63 F.5 Directory structured Logical Memory with root-OID explicitly encoded63 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 22:18:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E) vi © ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 15962 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 22:18:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E) © ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved vii Introduction The technology of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is based on non-contact electronic communication across an air interface. The structure of the bits stored on the memory of the RF tag is invisible and accessible between the RF tag and the interrogator only by the use of the appropriate air interface protocol, as specified in the different ISO/IEC 18000 parts. The transfer of data between the application and the interrogator in open systems requires data to be presented in a consistent manner on any RF tag that is part of that open system. Functional commands from the application and responses from the interrogator also require being processed in a standard way. This is not only to allow equipment to be interoperable, but in the special case of data carrier, for the data to be encoded on the RF tag in one systems implementation for it to be read at a later time in a completely different and unknown systems implementation. The data bits stored on each RF tag must be formatted in such a way as to be reliably read at the point of use if the RF tag is to fulfil its basic objective. The integrity of this is achieved through the use of a data protocol as specified in ISO/IEC 15961 and this International Standard. Manufacturers of radio frequency identification equipment (interrogators, RF tags, etc) and the users of RFID technology require a publicly available data protocol for RFID for item management. ISO/IEC 15961 and this International Standard specify this data protocol, which is independent of any of the air interface standards defined in the various parts of ISO/IEC 18000. As such, the data protocol is a consistent component in the RFID system that may independently evolve to include additional air interface protocols The transfer of data to and from the application, supported by appropriate commands is the subject of the companion standard: ISO/IEC 15961. This International Standard specifies the overall process and the methodologies developed to format the application data into a structure to store on the RF tag. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 22:18:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/04/2007 22:18:22 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E) © ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved 1 Information technology Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management Data protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions 1 Scope The data protocol used to exchange information in an RFID system for item management is specified in ISO/IEC 15961 and in this International Standard. Both International Standards are required for a complete understanding of the data protocol in its entirety; but each focuses on one particular interface: ISO/IEC 15961 addresses the interface with the application system. This International Standard deals with the processing of data and its presentation to the RF tag, and the initial processing of data captured from the RF tag. This International Standard focuses on encoding the transfer syntax, as defined in ISO/IEC 15961 according to the application commands defined in that International Standard. The encodation is in a Logical Memory as a software analogue of the physical memory of the RF tag being addressed by the interrogator. This International Standard defines the encoded structure of object identifiers; specifies the data compaction rules that apply to the encoded data; specifies a Precursor for encoding syntax features efficiently; specifies formatting rules for the data, e.g. depending on whether a directory is used or not; defines how application commands, e