BS-6290-3-1999.pdf
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 6290-3:1999 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 ICS 29.220.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Lead-acid stationary cells and batteries Ð Part 3: Specification for the flat positive plate type Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 07:52:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 October 1999 BSI 02-2000 First published, November 1986 Second edition, October 1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PEL/21 Draft for comment 96/201003 DC ISBN 0 580 33040 0 BS 6290-3:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments 10838 Corrigendum No. 1 February 2000 Supersession details added to foreword Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/21, Secondary cells and batteries, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Industrial Truck Association British Telecommunications plc Electricity Association Electric Vehicle Association of Great Britain Lighting Industry Federation Ltd. Ministry of Defence Society of British Battery Manufacturers Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. Co-opted members Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 07:52:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6290-3:1999 BSI 02-2000i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Terms and definitions1 4Materials and components2 5Performance2 6Type tests3 7Identification marks3 Annex A (informative) Applications4 Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility4 Annex C (informative) Operational recommendations4 Annex D (informative) Recharge characteristics5 Annex E (informative) Operating characteristics7 Annex F (normative) Additional capacity tests7 Bibliography8 Figure D.1 Ð Typical recharge characteristics of flat-plate cells using constant-current charging following a discharge at the 3 h rate5 Figure D.2 Ð Typical recharge characteristics of flat-plate cells using limited-voltage charging following a discharge at the 3 h rate6 Table F.1 Ð Final voltages at discharge rates between 1 h and 10 h7 Table F.2 Ð Final voltages at discharge rates faster than 1 h7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 07:52:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BSI 02-2000 BS 6290-3:1999 Foreword This part of BS 6290 has been prepared by Technical Committee PEL/21. This British Standard is part 3 of a series of standards. It specifies requirements for flat-plate cells and batteries with pasted positive plates. It supersedes BS 6290-3:1986 which is withdrawn. BS 6290-1 has been withdrawn, having been superseded jointly by BS 6290-2:1999, BS 6290-3:1999, BS 6290-4:1997 and BS EN 60896-1:1992. BS 6290-2 specifies requirements for lead-acid high-performance Plante  plate cells and batteries. BS 6290-4 specifies the criteria for classifying lead-acid valve-regulated cells and batteries. BS EN 60896-1 specifies general requirements for all free-venting types of stationary lead-acid cells and batteries. Guidance on safety and health aspects of the handling, installation, usage and maintenance of lead-acid stationary cells and batteries is given in BS 6133. Annexes designated normative are part of the body of the standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 07:52:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 02-20001 BS 6290-3:1999 1 Scope This part of BS 6290 specifies requirements for the materials and performance of stationary cells and batteries comprising either individual lead-acid cells or monobloc units of the flat-plate type. NOTEInformation on applications is given in annex A. Annex B clarifies the position of these cells and batteries with respect to electromagnetic compatibility. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 6133:1995, Code of practice for safe operation of lead-acid stationary batteries. BS 6334:1983, Methods of test for the determination of the flammability of solid electrical insulating materials when exposed to an igniting source. BS EN 60896-1, Stationary lead-acid batteries Ð General requirements and methods of test Ð Part 1: Vented types. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 6290, the terms and definitions given in BS 6133:1995, 1.3.2 apply, together with the following. 3.1 stationary cell cell that is installed on a fixed site and is not intended to be moved continually during its life 3.2 stationary battery two or more stationary cells electrically connected in series 3.3 lead-acid cell cell in which the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid, and which is fitted with plates in which the active materials are: a) positive electrode: lead dioxide; b) negative electrode: spongy lead 3.4 free-venting enclosed cell cell that is fitted with a vent plug which allows free venting of electrolysis gas NOTEProvision is made for the addition of water and for measurement of the level and density of electrolyte. The cover is not intended to be readily removable. 3.5 flat-plate cell free-venting enclosed cell containing flat pasted positive and negative plates 3.6 container box in which plate groups and separators are assembled 3.7 group bar bar to which a plate or group of plates is attached 3.8 vent plug plug, provided with a gas vent or vents and baffled to arrest acid spray, that is fitted in the vent hole in the cover of an enclosed cell NOTEA vent plug normally also provides access for filling. 3.9 monobloc battery in which the cells are fitted in a multi-compartment container 3.10 float operation of a cell or battery in parallel with a load and a charging source at constant voltage 3.11 discharge taking out of a quantity of electricity from a cell by connecting it to an external circuit in such a way that the current flows through the cell in the reverse direction to that for charging NOTEThe quantity of electricity taken out is usually measured in ampere hours. 3.12 capacity quantity of electricity that can be taken from a cell (or battery) at a particular rate of discharge, under specified conditions of voltage and temperature NOTECapacity is usually measured in ampere hours. 3.13 rated capacity designation, by the manufacturer, of the capacity of a cell (or battery) under specified conditions of discharge Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 07:52:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 BSI 02-2000 BS 6290-3:1999 4 Materials and components 4.1 Positive plates Positive plates shall be of the pasted, open-grid type. The grid shall be made of lead alloys giving low water loss characteristics. NOTESuitable lead alloys include lead-calcium or low-antimony lead with 3 % antimony. 4.2 Negative plates Negative plates shall be of the pasted, open-grid type. The grid shall be made of lead alloys as specified in 4.1. 4.3 Separators Separators shall be made of a microporous material in combination with a porous fibre mat. The fibre mat shall be in contact with the face of the positive plate. 4.4 Group bars Group bars shall be made of a lead alloy compatible with the grid material. For example, group bars of antimony-free lead shall be used with a grid of antimony-free lead alloy, and group bars of antimonial lead shall be used with a grid of antimonial lead alloy. 4.5 Terminal pillars Terminal pillars shall be cast in lead alloy. The cast pillars shall have a smooth surface finish, free from porosity and other defects. They shall be compatible with the electrochemical conditions within the cell and shall be suitable for mechanical connections. If copper inserts are used, the covering of lead around the insert shall be at least 3.0 mm thick. The terminal pillars shall not carry any part of the weight of either plate group 4.6 Containers Containers shall be made of a plastics material, e.g. styrene acrylonitrile. 4.7 Cell lids Cell lids shall be sealed to the container. Terminal pillars shall be sealed where they pass through the lid. NOTEThe sealing should be designed to prevent corrosion of the pillar above the lid. Apart from the vent holes, the complete cell shall be sufficiently sealed to withstand an internal pressure of 1 961 Pa (200 mmH2O). 4.8 Vent plugs Vent plugs shall allow no visible wetting of the cell lid when the cell is being overcharged at the 0.09Cr3 rate at 20 8C ambient temperature, where Cr3is the rated capacity in amperes for a 3 h discharge time. 4.9 End springs or packing pieces End springs or packing pieces shall be provided to hold the plate groups in position. NOTEThe end springs or packing pieces should be designed to hold the plate groups in position throughout the anticipated life of the cell. 5 Performance NOTEOperational recommendations relating to performance are given in annex C. Information on recharge characteristics and operating characteristics is given in annexes D and E. 5.1 Capacity 5.1.1 The rated capacity shall be stated by the manufacturer in terms of a discharge time of 3 h, as detailed in BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 6, i.e. Cr3. The fully charged electrolyte density that applies for the rated capacity shall be stated by the manufacturer. 5.1.2 When the actual capacity of a cell is measured as a laboratory type test in accordance with BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 13, the cell shall achieve the rated value stated, Cr3, on the first discharge. 5.1.3 When the actual capacity of a battery is measured as a site test in accordance with BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 13, the battery shall achieve the rated value stated, Cr3, on the first discharge. No individual cell voltage shall be below 1.75 V after 2.5 h of discharge. NOTEThe voltage of individual cells of a battery may fall below 1.80 V (subject to the requirement of 5.1.3). A cell whose voltage falls below 1.75 V after 2.5 h of discharge during site testing of a battery may be replaced and the test repeated. 5.1.4 If an additional test for capacity is required at a different discharge rate, the final voltages given in annex F shall apply. 5.2 Endurance When tested in accordance with BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 15, the endurance, in charge/discharge cycles, shall be that stated by the manufacturer. 5.3 Constant-voltage float-charge operation When tested in accordance with BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 14, the cell, monobloc or battery shall meet the requirements specified in BSEN60896-1:1992,7.2. 5.4 Charge retention When tested in accordance with BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 16, the charge retention shall be that stated by the manufacturer. 5.5 Short-circuit current and internal resistance When tested in accordance with BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 17, the short-circuit current and internal resistance shall be those stated by the manufacturer. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 07:52:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 02-20003 BS 6290-3:1999 5.6 Flammability of non-metallic parts When tested in accordance with method FV given in BS 6334:1983, the flammability category in accordance with BS 6334:1983, 9.4 shall be that stated by the manufacturer. NOTEThe principal non-metallic parts of a battery are the cell containers and lids. The flammability of the portion of the container in contact with electrolyte on its inner surface is reduced considerably by the thermal capacity of the electrolyte. As a consequence, the parts of the containers above the electrolyte level, together with the lid and accessories, are those most vulnerable to fire damage. 6 Type tests NOTEWhere individual cell voltages cannot be measured, e.g. in the case of monobloc units, the cell voltage should be derived by dividing the voltage of the unit by the number of cells in the unit. Where a sample size is quoted in the test method, the value stated for cells applies to monobloc units. Type tests shall employ the test sequences recommended in BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 18. The accuracy of measuring instruments used in the tests shall conform to BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 11. Cells and batteries shall be prepared for testing in accordance with BS EN 60896-1:1992, clause 12. 7 Identification marks Identification marks shall conform to BS EN 60896-1:1992, as amended by Amendment No. 1, clause 19 to 22 (section six). Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Dec 05 07:52:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 6290-3:1999 4 BSI 02-2000 Annexes Annex A (informative) Applications Electrical performance characteristics indicate that the pasted positive plate cell has a better energy density in ampere hours per cubic metre (A´h/m3) than the Plante  cell at the 3 h rate of discharge. Whilst there is no reliable test to confirm the service endurance of the product, experience has shown that, under well maintained float-charge conditions, a product life of 10 years or more can be expected. However, product life depends upon plate design, electrolyte density and operating parameters. The pasted positive plate cell used for stand-by purposes can be cycled, but its design is not appropriate to regular deep discharges. The pasted positive plate cell is particularly recommended for power systems where space for the battery is limited, and where a shorter service life, relative to the Plante  cell, is acceptable. Typical applications are stand-by engine starting, uninterruptible power supplies and emergency lighting. NOTEWhen considering the size of a battery for a particular application, it should be recognized that service life is normally considered to have expired when the capacity falls to 0.8Cr3. The user should define the required level of performance at the end of service life and size the
