ISO-1827-2007.pdf

Reference number ISO 1827:2007(E) © ISO 2007 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1827 Third edition 2007-07-01 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of shear modulus and adhesion to rigid plates Quadruple- shear methods Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique Détermination du module de cisaillement et de la force d'adhérence à des plaques rigides Méthodes du quadruple cisaillement Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/16/2007 01:19:08 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1827:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii © ISO 2007 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/16/2007 01:19:08 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1827:2007(E) © ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Principle. 2 4.1 Method A Determination of the shear modulus 2 4.2 Method B Determination of the adhesion 2 5 Apparatus 2 6 Test piece 2 6.1 Shape and dimensions. 2 6.2 Preparation 3 6.3 Number of test pieces 4 7 Time interval between vulcanization and testing 4 8 Conditioning 4 9 Temperature of test 4 10 Procedure 4 10.1 Method A 4 10.2 Method B 5 11 Expression of results . 5 11.1 Method A 5 11.2 Method B 6 12 Test report . 6 12.1 For method A. 6 12.2 For method B. 7 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/16/2007 01:19:08 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1827:2007(E) iv © ISO 2007 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1827 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1827:1991), which has been revised principally to update the normative references (ISO 471, ISO 1826, ISO 3383 and ISO 4648 have been replaced by ISO 23529). Since ISO 5893 has also been revised, the force-measuring accuracy of the tensile- testing machine has been corrected to class 1. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/16/2007 01:19:08 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1827:2007(E) © ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of shear modulus and adhesion to rigid plates Quadruple-shear methods WARNING Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. CAUTION Certain procedures specified in this International Standard may involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for the determination of the modulus in shear and the strength of bonds of rubber to metal or other rigid plates, using rubber bonded between four parallel plates. Method A describes the determination of the modulus in shear. Method B describes the determination of the strength of the bonds. The methods are applicable primarily to test pieces prepared in the laboratory under standard conditions, such as can be used to provide data for the development and control of rubber compounds and methods of manufacture of bonded shear units. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5893:2002, Rubber and plastics test equipment Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of traverse) Specification ISO 23529, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/16/2007 01:19:08 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1827:2007(E) 2 © ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 shear modulus applied shear stress, calculated with respect to the bonded areas of the rubber in a test piece as specified in this International Standard, divided by the resultant shear strain in the direction of application of the stress NOTE 1 The shear strain () is half the measured deformation divided by the thickness of one rubber block or element. The shear stress () is the applied force divided by twice the area of a bonded face of one rubber block or element. NOTE 2 The form of the test piece specified ensures that there is zero applied stress in the direction normal to the bonded surfaces, so that the deformation can be regarded as simple shear. NOTE 3 This definition of shear modulus is sometimes referred to as the secant modulus. 4 Principle 4.1 Method A Determination of the shear modulus The force required to obtain a range of predetermined shear strains of a unit of standard dimensions comprising four parallelepipeds of rubber symmetrically disposed and bonded to four parallel rigid plates is measured, the forces being parallel to the bonding surfaces and, as a rule, non-destructive, i.e. of maximum values appreciably lower than the bond strength. 4.2 Method B Determination of the adhesion The force required to cause the rupture of a unit as described for method A is measured. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Test machine, complying with the requirements of ISO 5893, capable of measuring force with an accuracy corresponding to class 1, as defined in ISO 5893:2002, and with a rate of traverse of the moving grip of 5 mm/min (method A) or 50 mm/min (method B). The test machine shall include apparatus to measure the deformation of the rubber of the test piece to an accuracy of 0,02 mm. 5.2 Fixtures, for holding the test pieces in the grips, provided with a universal joint to permit accurate centring of the line of action of the applied force. 5.3 Environmental chamber, suitable for carrying out tests at the temperature chosen or specified (see Clause 9), conforming to the requirements of ISO 23529. 6 Test piece 6.1 Shape and dimensions The test piece shall consist of four identical parallelepipedic rubber elements 4 mm ± 1 mm thick, 20 mm ± 5 mm wide and 25 mm ± 5 mm long, bonded on each of their two largest opposite faces to the mating faces of four rigid plates of the same width and of appropriate lengths to obtain a symmetrical double- sandwich arrangement, means being provided at the free external end of each central plate to enable it to be attached to a holding fixture. The rigid plates shall be of sufficient thickness to withstand bending. A typical arrangement is shown in Figure 1. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/16/2007 01:19:08 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1827:2007(E) © ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 Key 1 two external plates 2 two internal plates 3 pin and fixture for tensile loading Figure 1 Test piece arrangement 6.2 Preparation 6.2.1 Preparation of rigid plates Rectangular rigid plates of suitable dimensions shall be prepared and treated in accordance with the requirements of a suitable adhesive system. 6.2.2 Preparation using unmoulded rubber Prepared rigid plates and suitably sized rubber blanks shall be moulded either by compression or by transfer methods. The moulding shall be carried out using a time and temperature sequence appropriate to the rubber under test. At the conclusion of moulding, care shall be taken in removing the test pieces from the mould to avoid subjecting the adhered surfaces to undue stress. 6.2.3 Preparation using pre-moulded rubber The four rubber elements for each test piece can be cut from a pre-moulded sheet of uniform thickness or from a rubber product. In either case, care shall be taken to ensure that all four elements are equal in all their dimensions to within ± 0,1 mm. The elements shall be bonded to the prepared rigid plates using an adhesive system giving a high-modulus bond. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 07/16/2007 01:19:08 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 1827:2007(E) 4 © ISO 2007 All rights reserved 6.3 Number of test pieces The test shall be carried out on three (method A) or five (method B) test pieces. 7 Time interval between vulcanization and testing Unless otherwise specified for technical reasons, the time interval between vulcanization and testing shall be in accordance with ISO 23529. 8 Conditioning 8.1 When a test is made at one of the standard laboratory temperatures specified in ISO 23529, the test piece shall be maintained at that condition for at least 3 h before the test. 8.2 When tests are made at subnormal or elevated temperatures, the test pieces shall be maintained at the conditions of test for a period of time sufficient to reach temperature equilibrium with the test environment, or for the period of time required by the specification covering the material or product being tested. 9 Temperature of test Carry out the test at one of the temperatures specified in ISO 23529. Unless otherwise specified, one of the standard laboratory temperatures shall be used. The same temperature shall be used for any series of tests intended to be comparable. 10 Procedure 10.1 Method A 10.1.1 Determine the dimensions of the rubber elements in the test piece. Where applicable, the requirements of ISO 23529 shall be met. For test pieces prepared by vulcanization in a mould, the mould dimensions can be used to determine the area of each element. The thickness shall be determined, from measurements of the rigid plates and of the moulded test piece, by difference. For test pieces prepared from pre-moulded rubber elements, the dimensions of the elements shall be determined before bonding. 10.1.2 After conditioning as specified in Clause 8, immediately mount the test piece in the test machine, taking care to ensure freedom of longitudinal self-alignment with the direction of force application. For some applications, a mechanical conditioning procedure might be required. In such cases, apply five successive shear-loading cycles from 0 % to 30 %. During mechanical conditioning, and during subsequent testing, maintain the test piece at the test temperature. 10.1.3 When the test piece is mounted in the test machine, immediately zero the force- and deformation- measuring apparatus while maintaining a slight traction force, for example 1 % of the expected maximum force. Immediately apply an increasing traction force at a rate of separation of the jaws of 5 mm/min ± 1 mm/min until a maximum shear strain of 30 % is reached and record the force/deformation curve. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=IHS E