ISO-3518-2002.pdf

Reference number ISO 3518:2002(E) © ISO 2002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3518 Second edition 2002-03-01 Oil of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) Huile essentielle de bois de santal (Santalum album L.) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3518:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. 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ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii © ISO 2002 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3518:2002(E) © ISO 2002 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3518 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 54, Essential oils. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3518:1979) and also ISO 7610:1985, which have been technically revised. Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3518:2002(E) © ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Oil of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies certain characteristics of the oil of sandalwood (Santalum album L.), in order to facilitate assessment of its quality. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/TR 210, Essential oils General rules for packaging, conditioning and storage ISO/TR 211, Essential oils General rules for labeling and marking of containers ISO 212, Essential oils Sampling ISO 279, Essential oils Determination of relative density at 20 degrees C Reference method ISO 280, Essential oils Determination of refractive index ISO 592, Essential oils Determination of optical rotation ISO 709, Essential oils Determination of ester value ISO 875, Essential oils Evaluation of miscibility in ethanol ISO 3793, Essential oils Estimation of primary and secondary free alcohols content by acetylation in pyridine ISO 7609, Essential oils Analysis by gas chromatography on capillary columns General method ISO 11024-1, Essential oils General guidance on chromatographic profiles Part 1: Preparation of chromatographic profiles for presentation in standards ISO 11024-2, Essential oil General guidance on chromatographic profiles Part 2: Utilization of chromatographic profiles of samples of essential oils 3 Term and definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following term and definition apply. 3.1 oil of sandalwood essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the heartwood of Santalum album L., of the Santalaceae family NOTE For information on CAS numbers, see ISO/TR 21092. 4 Requirements 4.1 Appearance Clear, slightly viscous liquid. 4.2 Colour Almost colourless to golden yellow. 4.3 Odour Characteristic, sweet, woody and persistent. 4.4 Relative density at 20 ° ° ° °C, 20 20 d Minimum: 0,968 Maximum: 0,983 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3518:2002(E) 2 © ISO 2002 All rights reserved 4.5 Refractive index at 20 °C Minimum: 1,503 0 Maximum: 1,509 0 4.6 Optical rotation at 20 °C Between 21° and 12°. 4.7 Miscibility in ethanol, 70 % (volume fraction), at 20 °C It shall not be necessary to use more than 5 volumes of ethanol, 70 % (volume fraction), to obtain a clear solution with 1 volume of essential oil. 4.8 Ester value Maximum: 10 4.9 Primary free alcohol content, expressed as santalol Minimum: 90 % 4.10 Chromatographic profile Analysis of the essential oil shall be carried out by gas chromatography. In the chromatogram obtained, the representative and characteristics components shown in Table 1 shall be identified. The proportions of these components, indicated by the integrator, shall be as shown in Table 1. This constitutes the chromato- graphic profile of the essential oil. Table 1 Chromatographic profile Component Minimum % Maximum % Z-Santalol 41 55 Z-Santalol 16 24 NOTE The chromatographic profile is normative, contrary to typical chromatograms given for information in annex A. 4.11 Flashpoint Information on the flashpoint is given in annex B. 5 Sampling See ISO 212. Minimum volume of test sample: 25 ml. NOTE This volume allows each of the tests specified in this International Standard to be carried out at least once. 6 Test methods 6.1 Relative density at 20 °C, 20 20 d See ISO 279. 6.2 Refractive index at 20 °C See ISO 280. 6.3 Optical rotation at 20 °C See ISO 592. 6.4 Miscibility in ethanol, 70 % (volume fraction), at 20 °C See ISO 875. 6.5 Ester value See ISO 709. Saponification time: 1 h. Relative molecular mass of santalyl acetate: Mr = 262,4. 6.6 Primary free alcohol content, expressed as santalol See ISO 3793. Volume of acetic anhydride: 20 ml. Relative molecular mass of santalol: Mr = 220,4. 6.7 Chromatographic profile See ISO 7609, ISO 11024-1 and ISO 11024-2. 7 Packaging, labelling, marking and storage See ISO/TR 210 and ISO/TR 211. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3518:2002(E) © ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 Annex A (informative) Typical chromatograms of the analysis by gas chromatography of the essential oil of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) Peak identification 1 Z-Santalol 2 trans-Bergamotol 3 epi-Santalol 4 Z-Santalol Operating conditions Column: fused silica capillary; length 30 m; internal diameter 0,25 mm Stationary phase: polydimethylsiloxane (SE 30) Film thickness: 0,25 µm Oven temperature: isothermal at 70 °C for 10 min, then temperature programming from 70 °C to 220 °C at a rate of 2 °C/min, then isothermal at 220 °C for 20 min Injector temperature: 250 °C Detector temperature: 250 °C Detector: flame ionization type Carrier gas: helium Volume injected: 0,3 µl Carrier gas flow rate: 1 ml/min Split ratio: 1/100 Figure A.1 Typical chromatogram taken on an apolar column Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3518:2002(E) 4 © ISO 2002 All rights reserved Peak identification 1 Z-Santalol 2 trans-Bergamotol 3 epi-Santalol 4 Z-Santalol Operating conditions Column: fused silica capillary; length 30 m; internal diameter 0,25 mm Stationary phase: poly(ethylene glycol) (Supelcowax 10 ®) Film thickness: 0,25 µm Oven temperature: isothermal at 70 °C for 10 min, then temperature programming from 70 °C to 220 °C at a rate of 2 °C/min, then isothermal at 220 °C for 20 min Injector temperature: 250 °C Detector temperature: 250 °C Detector: flame ionization type Carrier gas: helium Volume injected: 0,3 µl Carrier gas flow rate: 1 ml/min Split ratio: 1/100 Figure A.2 Typical chromatogram taken on a polar column Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3518:2002(E) © ISO 2002 All rights reserved 5 Annex B (informative) Flashpoint B.1 General information For safety reasons, transport companies, insurance companies, and people in charge of safety services require information on the flashpoints of essential oils, which in most cases are flammable products. A comparative study on the relevant methods of analysis (see ISO/TR 11018) concluded that it was difficult to recommend a single apparatus for standardization purposes, given that: there is wide variation in the chemical composition of essential oils; the volume of the sample needed for certain requirements would be too costly for high-priced essential oils; as there are several different types of equipment which can be used for the determination, users cannot be expected to use one specified type only. Consequently, it was decided to give a mean value for the flashpoint in an informative annex in each International Standard, for information, in order to meet the requirements of the interested parties. The equipment with which this value was obtained should be specified. For further information see ISO/TR 11018. B.2 Flashpoint of the essential oil of sandalwood The mean value is + 138 °C. NOTE Obtained with “Luchaire” equipment. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3518:2002(E) 6 © ISO 2002 All rights reserved Bibliography 1 ISO/TR 11018:1997, Essential oils General guidance on the determination of flashpoint 2 ISO/TR 21092:1), Essential oils Characterization 1) To be published. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 3518:2002(E) ICS 71.100.60 Price based on 6 pages © ISO 2002 All rights reserved Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 07:11:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-