英语本科毕业论文-学生焦虑与教师言行之间的关系探讨.doc

本科毕业论文 学生焦虑与教师言行之间 的关系探讨学生姓名： 学生学号： 200310206129 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科2班 指导教师： 二七年五月On the Relationship between StudentsAnxiety and Teachers BehaviorHuang QiuxiangUnder the Supervision ofSun PengSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 ContentsContentsAbstractIKey WordsI摘要II关键词IIIntroduction1. Students Anxiety and Teachers Behavior2A. The Concept of Anxiety2B. Forms of Students Anxiety2C. The Concept of Teachers Behavior3D. Forms of Teachers Behavior3E. The Relationship between Students Anxieties and Teachers Behaviors4.The Ways to Deal with the Relationship6A. Positive Emotion61. The Importance of the Positive Emotion62. Three Ways to Control Emotion Effectively7B. Great Charm to Make Teaching Socialized71. Organizing Diversified Classroom Teaching Based on Life82. Regarding Homework as a Bridge to Fulfilling Socialized Extension103. Regarding Practice as a Guidance to Review English in Real Life11Conclusion13Acknowledgements14Bibliography15攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 AbstractAbstractAs the organizer and promoter of teaching activity, every word and deed of the teachers have a great effect on students, especially on the middle school students, because they are all under-aged, and they are susceptible. Some inappropriate behaviors influence the students learning and make them mentally ill, even lead to their astray. Nowadays, anxiety is a prevailing psychological problem of students. The good behaviors will do a great help to students learning; on the contrary, it is likely to cause students anxiety. The thesis aims to relieve anxiety to promote English by studying the relationship between students anxiety and teachers behaviors. Learning is not only an activity but also an experience of mental emotions. So the positive emotion is the key of good teaching. And the socialized teaching puts teaching activities into the life scene which students have acquainted with. It emphasizes students sense as the principal part besides sense of living; meanwhile, it has weakened the duty to study imperceptibly which will lighten the stress. It will make a deep effect on improving the students English quality.Key WordsAnxiety；teachers behavior; socialized teaching；positive emotion II攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 摘要摘要作为教育教学活动的组织者和促进者,教师的一言一行对学生，尤其是中小学生的影响较大。因为中小学生都还是未成年人，他们的心理容易受到感染。教师言行不当，轻则影响学生的学习，重则造成心理障碍，甚至误入歧途。在当今竞争激烈的社会里，焦虑是中小学生普遍存在的心理问题。教师行为得当，自然有助于调动学生积极情感，促进学习；反之，则有可能引发学生焦虑。这两者有着非常密切的关系。本文通过分析研究学生焦虑与教师教育言行的关系，提出较为适当的教学英语的方法以促进学生学习，减少焦虑。学习既是一种行为参与，也是一中情感心理体验。因此，积极的情感态度加上生活化的英语教学不失为促进学生学习，减少焦虑的好办法。积极的情感态度是好的教学的前提；生活化的英语教学模式把课堂教学活动置于学生熟悉的生活情景中，在无形中淡化了学生的学习意识，强化了学生的主体意识和生活意识，对提高学生的英语素质有着深远的意义。关键词焦虑；教师言行；生活化英语教学；积极情感攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 IntroductionIntroductionNowadays, anxiety is a prevailing psychological problem of students. And the most universal is the anxiety for examinations. At present, a survey, which came from 2714 students of six middle schools of Tianjin, shows that the higher grade students in, the more anxious they are, especially the students in grade 3 in both junior and senior high schools; two fifths of them can keep calm confronting the pressure of exam; 40% are of a little anxiety; 20% are often under excessive anxiety (Chen Shandong, 2006). Moreover, the adolescents anxiety has tended to be lower-aged. It manifested that anxiety for examination is a common psychological problem of students. The students psychological problem is nothing but the reflection of the educational problems. There are lots of reasons: pupils ability to manipulate distress is weak; parents havent given good family educations; the teaching methods of teachers are not so suitable, etc. Thus it cannot be coordinated only by teachers. However, our teachers can do something in their field because of their great importance to students which cannot be replaced by others. In fact, they are able to make a great contribution.1攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Body. Students Anxiety and Teachers BehaviorA. The Concept of AnxietyIt is almost impossible to define anxiety in a simple sentence. It has been studied in the psychological domain. It refers to a state of intense apprehension, uncertainty, and fear resulting from the anticipation of a threatening event or situation, often to a degree that the normal physical and psychological functioning of the affected individual is disrupted. Anxiety is defined as a state of uneasiness and apprehension or fear caused by the anticipation of something threatening (Scovel, 1991). Many researchers said that language anxiety can influence language learning a lot. Whereas facilitating anxiety produces positive effects on learners' performance, too much anxiety may cause a poor performance.B. Forms of Students AnxietyAny complex task one undertakes can have elements of anxiety in it, because he doubts his abilities and wonder if he will indeed succeed. Second language learning is no exception to a long list of complex tasks that are susceptible to our human anxieties. Horwitz (1991) have found that anxiety typically centers on listening and speaking. Speaking in class is most frequently difficult for anxious students even though they are pretty good at responding to a drill or giving prepared speeches. It is one form that anxious students may have difficulties in discriminating sounds and structures or in catching their meaning. And they cause errors in speaking or on tests even though they have made a good preparation before. Price (1991) investigated by asking questions about what made students most anxious in foreign language class. All of the subjects answered that having to speak a foreign language in front of other students resulted in the most anxiety. Other responses were making pronunciation errors or being laughed at by others. Then they will be self-abased and sensitive. Price then mentions the role of the instructor. He says that those instructors who always criticize students' pronunciation might make students anxious. He suggests that they could reduce students' anxiety by encouraging them to make mistakes in class. Price also advises that instructors should make it clear that the classroom is a place for learning and communication. And nowadays, it is a fact that anxiety is a prevailing psychological problem of students, especially the test anxiety. Moderate anxiety can help students with their study, but too much may cause mental illness.C. The Concept of Teachers BehaviorIt is also difficult to explain teachers behavior in a sentence. In the process of teaching, teachers behavior is a media that accomplishes the communication between teachers and students. There are many distinguished educationists and scholars who have tried to make a definition for it. Among them, Gao Yabings definition is suitable: the teachers behavior is the teachers dominant activities or movements presenting in the actual teaching activities; it is not only the integrity of teaching methods, measures and means but also the external representations of teachers ideas about teaching (GaoYabing, 2005). The teaching behavior is indeed the expression of teachers outlook on education. And teachers are the nucleus and the leading ingredient of education, because every change on education is finally carried out by teachers. So to improve teachers behavior is the key to upgrade our education. D. Forms of Teachers BehaviorAt present, the main teaching behavior includes language, straightforwardness, training and evaluation. 1) Language includes verbal（also informal）language, written（also formal）language and body language. Body language is a soundless language. It refers to the gesture of teachers, which can convey ideas, feelings or attitude. Body language was not taken seriously long before. According to a study of America, it shows that 90% information is conveyed by soundless language, such as facial expression and different tune in terms of feeling intercourse (Huang Lin, 2003). As it is known, the British and Americans have rich facial expressions and gestures in their communication. Body language plays an important part in language teaching and real life communication.Language is the basic method for teachers. They use it to explain, to describe and to give a comment, etc. A wise teacher is good at using teaching language. The language used by teachers should be vivid and lucid. What language should be used and how to use it should be deliberated when explaining different knowledge, criticizing or praising students, for different students and on different occasions. 2) Straightforwardness is often used in the classroom teaching because it is easier to be understood at most time. It has three forms: object tools for the pupil, intuition on language for adolescents and college students and the scene in real life.3) Training is a good way to strengthen what students have learned. In the second language learning, reinforcement is a vital element in the learning process, because it increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again and eventually becomes a habit.4) Evaluation（such as criticism, praise, comment, tests, etc）is also an important method for teachers. It aims at promoting students ability. Criticism is not to express anger or to lower students morale; tests are not for deliberating harassment for studentsbut helping check students fault and teachers defect.E. The Relationship between Students Anxieties and Teachers BehaviorsFrom the above definitions and forms of students anxieties and teachers behaviors, we can see that the relationship between them is very close. Teachers behavior makes a potential influence on students spirit（Tang Songlin,2002）. Good teaching behaviors will be of great help to students learning, contrarily, it will be likely to cause students anxiety. Then what behaviors would cause students anxiety? In the research of the relationship between students anxiety and teachers behavior, teachers inappropriate behaviors can be divided into two kinds: the dominance and the recessiveness. In terms of representation, there are three kinds:1) Poor efficiency in teaching. Some kinds of poor efficiency in teaching: unable to treat students correctly; unable to keep a good discipline in class; unable to impart the knowledge efficiently; unable to acquire desired teaching result; unable to adopt others ideas reasonably, etc（Tang Songlin, 2002）. In teaching activities, some teachers are not familiar with students characters, demand or different abilities. So they cannot organize the class efficiently. Besides, although the teaching method is appropriate, some teachers do not pay attention to renew knowledge. Consequently, what students acquired is something out of time so that it cannot meet the social development.2）Inhuman behaviors. Some teachers discriminate against the less advanced students. Some students are stubborn. They are not good at learning at all and do not comply with the discipline, and moreover, they often strip up trouble. Therefore, some teachers treat them incorrectly. What they often used is to scold, to satirize, to punish severely and deprive students of their right to have the lesson at last.3）Tiredness for working. A research (Gao Yabing, 2005) proved that when teachers are unable to manipulate the professional stress successfully, there will be exhaustion in emotion, attitude and behaviors. Nowadays, most teachers are over-working because there is more and more pressure for teachers: the proportion of students entering higher school, professional reputation, and professional job title. Once teachers are tired of working, they will lose enthusiasm; even detest working as a teacher. Then they will be impetuous and abnormal on teaching. As a result, it will leave great influence on students.16攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Body.The Ways to Deal with the RelationshipA. Positive Emotion1. The Importance of the Positive EmotionA good teacher knows how his students learn English. One of its principles is permeating feeling into cognition. Interest comes first. You can lead the horse to the river, but you cannot make it drink. Learning is not only an activity but also an experience of mental emotion. Teaching and learning is not merely a cognitive process of knowledge, it is also a process of psychology change, and moreover, the cognitive effect often results from the psychology change. “One study with positive feeling will learn much better than that without, even being anxious and dreadful about teaching material”, said Bloom，an educationist of U.S. Keeping an enthusiastic attitude is crucial to learn English well. Then it is not until students have positive emotion on themselves, on English and its culture, on learning English that they can keep motivation on learning English and get a good result. So in English teaching, the teacher should pay attention to students feeling from the beginning, and try to build a loose, democratic and harmonious teaching atmosphere. The American Educational Association concludes that teachers most popular characters are vigorous health, emotional maturity, loving of children, sympathy of social intelligence, liking for teaching, cheerfulness and sense of humor. Positive emotion is the key of good teaching. Only when teachers have a good emotion, can the recipient be active. The teachers feeling, which controls the teaching activity greatly, is indispensable in teaching activity and the relationship between teachers and students. The study of psychology shows that teachers emotion has a direct effect on students. If teaching is carried on with a good mood, then it will be able to take advantage of the potential and activity; otherwise, it would be suppressed. Consequently, the teacher should have feeling of loving children and they should be good at regulating and arousing their emotion, controlling the bad ones. That is the basic professional accomplishment of teachers, and one of the keys to improve the teaching effect. 2. Three Ways to Control Emotion Effectively In order to control emotion effectively, there are three main points: first, the teacher should have the sense of the role. That means the teacher is not only the spreader of knowledge but also the educator and model of fee