2019-2020同步译林英语必修三新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——名词性从句（Ⅰ） Word版含答案.pdf

Section Grammar名词性从句名词性从句() 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 At lunch，the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. She wondered if the buses would still be running. .the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. .she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain. However，why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists. It is added that while our sense of sight is used too much，our senses of touch and smell have been ignored. 后自主感悟 1.上述例句中黑体词引导的从句都是名词性从句。 2.第、两句中黑体词引导的从句是主语从句。 3.第、句中黑体词引导的从句是宾语从句。 4.第句中的黑体词引导的从句是表语从句。 5.第句中的黑体词引导的从句是同位语从句。 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此， 名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，都不能用逗号与 主句分开。 When we will start is not clear.(主语从句) 我们何时动身还不清楚。 Mrs.Black won't believe that her son has become a thief.(宾语从句) 布莱克夫人不相信她的儿子成了一个小偷。 My idea is that we should do it right now.(表语从句) 我的意思是我们现在就开始做这件事。 I had no idea that you were her friend.(同位语从句) 我不知道你是她的朋友。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 分类词形词义作从句的成分 that从属 连词whether/if是否 who(ever)(无论)谁主格主语、宾语、表语 whom(ever)(无论)谁宾格宾语 whose谁的所有格定语 连接 代词 which(ever)(无论)哪一个(些) 主语、宾 l 语、表语、 定语 连接 代词 what(ever)(无论)什么，东西 主语、宾语、表语、 定语 when什么时间状语 where什么地方状语 how怎样，如何状语 连接 副词 why为什么状语 二、主语从句 1主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由 形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。主语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether、连 接代词或连接副词引导。 2 that 在句中无词义， 只起连接作用， 在口语和非正式文体中可以省略， 但 that 从句位于句首时，连词 that 不能省略。 3连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句 中充当成分。 That the football match will be put off is certain now. 足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。 Whether he will come or not is still a question. 他是否会来仍然是个问题。 Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反该法者应予以罚款。 When the plane is to take off has not been announced.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。 It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。 即时演练 1 单句改错 Bob failed in the exam disappointed his parents. Bob 前加 That If Peter will attend the ceremony remains unknown.IfWhether That Alice said at the meeting was of great value. ThatWhat 三、表语从句 1表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构 是“主语系动词表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的系动词有 be，look，seem 等。 表语从句通常由连词 that，whether，连接代词和连接副词，以及 as if，as though， because 等连词引导。 The girl is not what she was ten years ago. 这个女孩已经不是 10 年前的她了。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来像是要下雨了。 The question is whether we should accept their invitation.问题是我们是否应该接 受他们的邀请。 This is why we put off the meeting. 这就是我们推迟会议的原因。 2当主语是 reason 时，表语从句一般要用 that 引导而不用 because。 The reason why Peter hasn't come is that he did not catch the train. 彼得还没有来的原因是他没赶上火车。 3 如果主句的主语是 advice， suggestion， order， request， requirement 等表示 “建 议、命令、请求”的名词时，其后的表语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式是 should do，should 可省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter. 我的建议是我们应该讨论一下这个问题。 即时演练 2 选词填空：that，whether，as if，why The question is whether the film is worth seeing. That's why he didn't come on time. It looks as if we were going to have fine weather. Our decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow. 四、宾语从句 1 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词(及 物动词)或介词之后。宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether(if)、连接代词或连接副 词引导。that 引导宾语从句在口语和非正式文体中可以省去，但如果主句谓语动词 含有两个或两个以上 that 引导的宾语从句时，从第二个宾语从句开始，引导词 that 不可省略。 whether/if 和 wh­类连接词引导的宾语从句都要用陈述句语序。 I believe (that) we can solve the economic problem. 我相信我们能解决这个经济问题。 Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest station？你能告诉我去最近的车站 怎么走吗？ He didn't tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。 2 it 作形式宾语而将 that 宾语从句置于动词 think， find， feel， consider， make， believe，hate，take，owe，have 等后面。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天 多喝开水是有必要的。 3宾语从句的时态 (1)如果主句谓语是现在时，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I know he lived in a city three years ago. 我知道他三年前住在某个城市里。 (2)如果主句谓语是过去时，从句要用表示过去的某一时态。 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了玛丽。 (3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从 句一律用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉我们地球围绕太 阳转。 4否定转移 若主句的主语是第一人称， 谓语动词为 think， consider， suppose， believe， expect， guess，imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句 谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 I don't think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不太适合你。 5作“命令、要求、建议”等动词的宾语从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气 的构成是“should动词原形”或省去 should，直接用动词原形。这些动词主要有 order，suggest，insist，recommend，require，demand，advise 等。 She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside. 她坚持不被派到农村去。 但是，如果 suggest 作“表明、暗示”讲，insist 作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲， 则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.他脸上的微 笑表明他已经通过了考试。 6doubt 和 wonder 用于肯定结构时，后面有 whether/if 引导名词性从句；用 于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑 问句时，后接 that 引导名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接 whether/if 引导名词性从 句。 There's no doubt that he was a major artist. 毫无疑问他是个大艺术家。 即时演练 3 完成句子 你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ Do you know when the meeting will begin? 我不明白他为什么那么说。 I couldn't understand why he said so 我认为你不对。 I don't think you are right. 请告诉我你是否同意这个计划。 Please tell me whether/if you agree to the plan 五、同位语从句 1同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如 fact，idea，news，promise 等)的后面用 以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的词有：连词 that(不作句子成分)， whether；连接代词 who，whom，what，which；连接副词 how，when，where 等。 The fact that he won the first prize can't be denied. 他获得一等奖的事实不容否认。 We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们 是否能准时完成任务。 2同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。 The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with arrow.传说威廉·泰尔用箭 射死了暴君。 3同位语从句中被解释说明的是表示“建议、命令、要求”等的名词时，从 句的谓语用 shoulddo 的形式，should 可以省略。这样的名词主要有 suggestion， requirement，order，request，demand 等。 The suggestion that a meeting(should) be held was agreed by most of all. 应该开会的建议得到了我们大多数人的同意。 4同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1)定语从句中关系代词 that 既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分(主语 或宾语)，而同位语从句中的 that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当任 何句子成分。 (2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述 被修饰名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说 明。 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息 是汤姆明年将出国。(第一个 that 引导的是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语) The news that Tom will go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国这一消息是他讲 的。(同位语从句，that 在从句中不作任何成分) 即时演练 4 句型转换 Our team won，which made me very happy. The news that our team won made me very happy. I don't know who will give the speech. I have no idea who will give the speech The problem is whether he will help us. It is the problem whether he will help us 六、名词性从句中需要注意的问题 1that 引导的名词性从句 (1)that 引导名词性从句， that 在从句中不作成分， 本身无词义， 只起连接作用。 (2)that 引导的名词性从句，在宾语从句中可省略 that，在其他从句中 that 一般 不省略；若动词后有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省略，其余的不 能省略；that 引导的从句如果作介词宾语，一般只用在 except, in 等少数介词后。 except that“除了” ，in that“因为” 。 He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone. 他告诉我他的父亲去世了，他不得不独自谋生。 This suit fits him well except that the trousers are too long. 这套西装他穿上很合身，只是裤子太长了。 2whether 或 if 引导名词性从句时，只用 whether 不用 if 的几种情况： (1)引导主语从句位于句首时。 (2)引导表语从句时。 (3)引导同位语从句时。 (4)在宾语从句中，whether 和 if 一般可互换。不过介词和 discuss 后的宾语从 句用 whether，不用 if。 (5)与 or not 直接连用时。 (6)与不定式连用时。 I don't know whether or not he finally found his missing watch. 我不知道他最后是否找到了丢失的手表。 Whether Jackie Chan will come to the party is still not known.成龙是否来参加宴 会还不知道呢。 Do you have any idea about whether it is going to rain tomorrow？你知道明天会 不会下雨吗？ 即时演练 5 选词填空：that，whether，if I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan. What gave you the idea that he'd be here? Whether he will attend the meeting is unknown. That he left without a word makes us surprised. .单句语法填空 1The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 2What he wants to tell us is not clear. 3That he stole a bike was true. 4I don't know which color of these you like. 5This is where I don't agree with you. 6Bob is a good student except that he is a little careless. 7Please remind me when he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off. 8What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 9The chance came at last that I could go to visit Germany with my uncle. 10The traditional view is that we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. .完成句子 1What we need now(我们现在需要的) is more water. 2That English is important (英语很重要) is an undoubted fact. 3I believe (that) he can finish the task on time (他能按时完成这项任务) 4Our country has experienced great changes and it is no longer what it used to be (以前的样子) 5. It sounds as if someone is knocking at the window (似乎有人在敲窗户) 6People have no idea what happened on the plane (飞机上发生了什么事情) during the crash. 7 The news came that (消 息 传 来 ) my cousin was chosen chairman of the Students' Union. 8Actually，whoever works hard (任何努力工作的人) can be whatever they want to be. 9Could you tell me whether/if it snows(是否下雪) in Australia? 10The fact that he didn't say anything at the meeting(他在会上什么也没说) surprised everybody.