外研版英语九年级下同步学案(63页).pdf

1 Module 1 Grammer 一、名词： 1可数名词与不可数名词 1）名词的可数与不可数通常从其意思上就比较容易区分，但是某些词从其汉语意思来 看似乎可数，但英语却不可数，这些词要特别注意如bread, cake, paper, chalk, soap 等， 这些词所指的事物一般没有固定形状，要表达数量通常用a piece of 之类的短语。 2）有些词既可以做可数名词也可以做不可数名词，但是意思不同，有些不可数名词的 复数形式表达特定含义，请分别写出下列词的汉语意思。 fruit( )-fruits( ) tea( )-teas( ) paper( )-papers( ) time( )-times( ) work( )-works( ) snow( )-snows( ) wood( )-woods( ) room( )-rooms( ) 2、可数名词的复数形式 1)规则变化（写出下列名词的复数形式） book_ city_ day_ bus_ box_ wish _ peach_ tomato _ potato _ hero _ photo _ piano _ leaf_ life _ shelf _ knife _ 2). 不规则变化 man_ woman _ child _ foot _ tooth _ sheep _ deer _ mouse _ 3). 国家人的复数 Chinese _ Japanese _ Englishman _ Frenchman _ American _, German _ 4). 复合名词的复数 2 pencil box _ school bag _ man teacher _ woman doctor _ 5). 有些名词通常只以复数的形式出现如：裤子 _, 鞋 _, 眼 镜 _, 袜子 _, 剪子 _ 等 6). 有 些 名 词 没 有 加s 但 是 却 表 达 复 数 的 含 义 如 ： 人 _, 警 察 _ 牛 _ 观众 _. 3. 名词的所有格 1)名词所有格表示“ 的”的含义，通常，有生命的事物是在名词后面加_. 如果是复数名词则只加_. 无生命的事物通常要用_的方式来表达。 2). 两个并列名词的所有格，如果是两人所共有的东西则在_后加 s。如： Lily and Lucy s room. 如果是两人分别拥有的东西则在_ 都加 s。Lily s and Lucy s room. 3) 双重所有格。有时会出现如a friend of my father s 这样的结构，这种结构往往含有 父亲的朋友不止一个的含义。如果说a friend of my father 则没有这个含义。 需要注意的是： a photo of Daming 意思是照片上的人就是大明。而 a photo of Daming s 则是指照片是大明的，照片上的人并不一定是大明。 二、冠词 在英语中，名词前通常要加冠词，冠词分为三类：定冠词_、不定冠词 _和零冠词，其中零冠词也就是没有冠词。 1不定冠词通常翻译成一个，一般单我们翻译出一个的时候就要用不定冠词。 除此之外，同学们要熟记下列情况用不定冠词。 1）通常当我们泛指任意某一个事物或某一类事物时要个。 如： A friend is someone who appears in need. 2）当第一次提高某人或某物时常用不定冠词。 如： There is a book on the desk, but no one knows whose the book is. 3) 用于某些固定词组，是其不可缺少的部分。 3 如： go for a walk, a long time, a few, a little, 4) 用在时间、距离、速度、价格等意义的名词前表示“每一”的概念。 如： three times a day, once a week, 2. 定冠词通常翻译成这个或那个，如果我们翻译出这样的含义，通常就要用定冠词。 除此之外，同学们要熟记下面口诀中用定冠词的情况。 1）特指双熟悉 。 （当特指某一个确定的人或事物，或者是说话双方都知道的人或事物 时要用定冠词。 ） 如： The man over there is a scientist. / The man you talked with is our new teacher. 2) 上文已提及 。 （当再次提到上文中出现的人或事物时要用定冠词） 如： My father bought me a new bike, the bike is 500 yuan. 3) 世上独无二 。 （在表示独一无二的事物的名词前要用定冠词。） 如： the moon, the sun, the earth, the world, the universe, the sky 4) 某些专有名 。 （用于表示江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词，以及含有普 遍名词的专有名词前。 ） 如： the Yellow River the Great Wall / the Children s Palace the Summer Palace 5)习语及乐器 。 （用于某些固定短语当中及乐器名称之前。） 如： in the morning, by the way, all the time, the more the better, at the age of play the guitar/violin/piano 如： the Whites (怀特一家 ), the old ( 老年人 ), play the guitar 6)序数最高级 。 （序数词和形容词最高级前要用定冠词） 如： the first, the most beautiful 7)一家方位某类人。 （当用在姓的复数表示某某一家，方位名词前以及用在某些形容 词前表示某一类人时用定冠词。） 如： The Whites(怀特一家 ) in the south of the old (老年人 ) the poor（穷人） 3. 零冠词也就是不用冠词，熟记下面的口诀。 1) 棋类球类和三餐。 4 如： play chess, play football, have breakfast 2)星期月份和节日。 如： on Monday, in December, on Teachers Day 3)人名地名国家名。 如： John lives in Hong Kong. /Beijing is the capital of China. 4)学科语言和称呼。 如： We have Chinese, maths and English today. / Mr. Brown is my uncle. 5)复数名词表类别。 如： I like eating bananas. 6)物质名词表泛指。 如： Animals can t live without water and air. 7)代词限定名词前。 (this, that, my, your some, any) 如： This computer is hers. 8)by 加工具和词组。 如： by bus, by plane, on foot, at noon, at night, on earth, in fact, in time, on time, go to school. 需要注意的情况: 1. 有些短语用定冠词/不定冠词和零冠词分别表示不同的含义。 如： in hospital ( 住院 ) in the hospital（在医院里） go to school (去上学 ) go to the school (去学校 ) at school(在上课 ) at the school (在学校里 ) in bed (躺在床上 ) in the bed(在床上 ) a few a little( 有一些 ) few little （几乎没有） 2. 在序数词前用不定冠词的含义等于one more 如： The man tried a second time. （a second = one more time） 5 三、数词 1基数词 1）基数词的读音要从左到右，每三位一小节来读。 25, 376, 420，875 Twenty-five billion Three hundred and seventy-six million Four hundred and twenty thousand Eight hundred and seventy five 2) 当表示具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词不能加s。 3) 当表示大概数量时，用 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等，这时不能被 基数词修饰，也就是，不能说two hundreds of。 4）当表示事物的编号时，应放在名词的后面。如：Class three, Grade one 2. 序数词 1）序数词的变化，请牢记下面的口诀 一、二、三要全变，其他后面th 填，八去t 九去 e， ve 要用 f 替，整十把y 变 ie， 遇到几十几，只变各位就可以。 2）日期中的“日”要用序数词。可以缩写，序数词的缩写是用阿拉伯数字加上序 数词的后两个字母。如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st. 3)分数的表达方法是用基数词+序数词，其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。 如果基数词大于1， 则序数词用复数形式。如：one third, ( 三分之一 ) three fifth（五分之三） 。 4）序数词前通常要加定冠词the, 如果加 a/an 则表示“又一；再一”之意。 如： I want to try a second time. 我想再试一次。= I want to try one more time. 3. 年月日的表达。 英语中，年月日的书写顺序一般是月、日、年。 Two weeks is not enough for me to finish the work, I need a third week. ( a third week = one more week) 6 如： May 1st, 1990. 其中月日的读法是May the first, 年的读法是nineteen ninety 4. 时间的表达。 1) 英语中的时间有顺读和逆读两种方法。 如： 10:20 顺读： ten twenty, 逆读 : twenty past ten 2)注意在逆读时，分在前，时在后，中间加介词。小于等于30 分加 past，大于 30 分加 to。加 to 时表达，差几分几点。 如： 5：50 逆读： ten to six 3) 几点半常用half past 的方式来表达，一刻钟常说a quarter 如： 2:30 half past two; 4:15 a quarter past 4 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7 Module 1 Travel Unit1 The flight was late Task1: Answer the questions in your own words. 1. How many forms of transport do you know? Write them down. _ 2. Which form of transport do you like best or least and why? I like _best, because _. I like _ least, because _. 3. Which form of transport do you use most often or least often? I use _ most often and I use _ least often. Task 2. Listen and Choose the best answer. 1. How was the journey when Lingling come back from Henan? A. It was a pleasant journey. B. It s unpleasant, because the train was filled with people. 2. How will Tony return from the UK? A. He will take a plane. B. He will come back by ship. 3. How did Daming travel around HongKong? A. He travel on a plane. B. He travel by boat. 4. Did Betty enjoyed herself during the holiday? A. Yes, she did. B. No, she didn t. 5. Which form of transport didn t Betty take in Beijing? A. coach B. subway C. bus D. texi 6. what did Betty do in the Summer Palace? A. She took some photos B. she went for a long walk 7. Are there many fun things to do this term? A. Yes, there are. B. No, there aren t. 8 Task 4. Read the dialogue in Activity 4 and complete the sentences in Activity 7. Task 5. Write the expression on the blanks. (write the similar expressions on the other blanks) 候机厅_ 充满_ _ 旅游_ 从下来_ 飞往 _ _ _ _ 许多；大量_ _ _ 去观光_ 玩的开心 _ _ 这个学期末 _ 9 Unit 2 You re sitting in my seat Task1. Read the text and choose the best answer in activity 2. Task2. Read the text and write the expressions on the blanks. 梦到_ 动身；出发_ 在的开始_ 拥抱某人_ 眼里带着泪水_ 给某人写信_ 一就 _ 向窗外看_ 带着紧张的笑容_ 大声说_ 有很长的路要走_ 即使_ 放弃 _ Task3. Complete the sentences with the expressions. 1. She said sorry to her teacher _. 2. I often _ going to Disneyland. 3. I m sorry, I can t hear you clearly, could you speak _? 4. It s time for us to _ for the station. 5. Hurry up! We _. 6. I shall _you _ I arrived at New York. 7. _ you have trouble learning English, you mustn t _. 8. _ next lesson, our teacher will play a game with us. 9. Sally has been away from home for ten years. When she saw her mother, she rushed to her and _, with tears in her eyes. 10. Don t _ when you are in class, listen to your teacher carefully. 10 Module 2 Grammer 代词 一、人称代词 所谓人称代词就是用来表达“你、我、他/她/它、你们、我们、他们”的词，需要注 意的是，在英语中人称代词的形式有主格 和宾格 两种，通常如果人称代词做_语用 主格，做 _语用宾格。 请分别写出人称代词的主格和宾格形式。 主格： _ 宾格： _ 需要注意的是，通常做表语和在一些口语中人称代词要用宾格。 如： -Who s that? It s me. Me too. 二、物主代词 所谓物主代词就是用来表达“你的、我的、他/她/它的、你们的、我们的、他们的” 的词，需要注意的是，在英语中物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。 通常后面有被修饰的名词就用_ 。如果省略掉被修饰的名词就用 _。 请分别写出形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词：_ 名词性物主代词：_ 三、在英语中还有一些其他种类的代词如： 指示代词 ：_ 反身代词 ：_ 疑问代词 ：_ 不定代词 ：_ 四、要点。 1. one, it, that 用来指代前面出现过的名词的区别。 1. There is a photo on the wall, it was taken by Tony. 11 2. Lily likes cartoon films, while Lucy likes funny ones. 3. The population in China is larger than that in India. 通过观察上面的三个例句我们可以看出，it 指 _。 One 指 _ 。That 指 _。 2. another， other， the other， others， the others 用法的区别。 another 用来泛指其他的任意一个事物。other 用来泛指其他的任意一些事物。the other 用来特指另一个或另外的所有事物。一般如果当我们没有提前给出范围时用_， 而如果提前给出了范围则用_。如果我们将他们所修饰的名词省略掉则用_ 或_。 请用上面的词完成下面的句子。 1. I have two sons, one is eleven, _ is thirteen. 2. This kind of sandwich is quite delicious, could I have _ one? 3. Some students like watching films, _ like playing sports. 3. both, either, neither, all, none Both 指_, either 指_, neither 指_。 all 指 _, none 指_。他们可以在后面加上介词of 构成短语如：both of, either of .。其中 both 还可以构成bothand, either 还可以构成 either _., niether 还可以构成neither _.。 需要注意的是both of , both and , all of 做主语时一定要看作_数。 either of 和 neither of ，none of 做主语要看作是_数。而 either or 和 neither nor 做 主语，谓语动词的数则要用_原则。 4. some 和 any 通常 some 用在 _当中， any 用在 _ 或_当中。但是有时一般 疑问句要用some， 如当 _的时候要用some。 而当我们要表达 “任 何”的意思时，就用_。 5. 不定代词需要注意的问题 1)不定代词做主语都要看作是_数。 12 2）当形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词的_(前面 /后面 ) 6. 反身代词用法。 1)通常当宾语和主语一致时，宾语就要用反身代词。如：I bought myself a new MP5 play yesterday. 2)含有反身代词的短语如：teach oneself/ learn by oneself(自学 ), by oneself ( 独自 ) 7. a few, few, a little, little a few 和 a little 意思是 _. few 和 little 意思是 _. 8. it 用法 在英语中it 的用法有很多，如用来做形式主语构成It s to do 的句型，除此之外 it 还可以用来表达时间、天气、距离、重量等。 如： It s 12 o clock. It s sunny today. It s 20 miles from here. 13 Module 2 Education Unit1 It s great to see her again. Task1. Write the names of all the subjects you are learning about on the blank. _ Task2. Listen and complete the sentences with the words in the box. Maths, gym , geography, exam, relax, PE, swimming pool, grades, 1. Betty is going to the _ for _ and then to the _. 2. Daming s next lessons are _ and _. 3. Daming is unhappy because his maths _ aren t very good. 4. Daming is worried about the _. 5. Betty tells him to _. Task3. Listen to the tape and complete Lingling s diary with the words in the box. We, us, our, ours, he, him, himself, her, she, herself, they, who, both, neither, the other Lingling s dary March 7 th. Sunny Tony has just come back from the UK. _ said he saw _ pen friend Sally. The girl_ visited _ last year and played in the orchestra. Tony said _ was great to see _ again. She took Tony to her school _. Tony took some photos of the school _. We had a look at the photos, it isn t as big as _. There are a few science laboratories, a large library, a swimming pool, a huge sports ground and there s a music hall too. _ have a hall for concerts. I wonder which school is better, _ school or Park school? Tony said _ school were very nice and _ school has anything _ hasn t got. But _ prefer our school. Daming is sure that we re even better than Park School at English! I agree with _. I think _ are all going to get top grades for Englsh. Task4. Write the expressions on the blanks and complete the sentences with them. 14 游泳池 _ 担心 _ 一些有趣的事情_ 看一看 _ 不如 怎么样 _ 既不 也不 _ 我肯定 _ 得高分 _ 和两个都 _ 1. Our classroom isn t _ big _ theirs. 2. Our school has a big _, we can swim in it. 3. _ you ll never guess who I saw this morning. 4. Daming is _ his maths exam, because he isnt good at maths. 5. Can I _ your new MP5 player? 6. _ my parents likes basketball. 7. _ my parents are surprised at what I said. 8. Keep working hard, _ you will _. 9. We have got _ to do this term. 15 Unit 2 What s the best thing about school? Task1. Read the text and answer the questions. 1. How long has Sally been in Park school. (two ways to answer) _ _ 2. How far is it from her home to school? (two ways to answer) _ _ 3. When did Sally graduate from primary school? (two ways to answer) _ _ 4. What does the teacher do in the first 10 minutes at the start of the schoolday? 5. When does the first lesson end? 6. How many lessons does Sally have every day? 7. What does ADT stand for? 8. Do they only learn drawing and design in ADT? 9. How many exams will Sally take before she graduate from the secondary school? 10. How often do they have parents meeting in Sally s school? Task2. Write the expression on blanks and complete the sentences with them. 中学 _ 骑车 20 分钟远 _ _ 小学 _ 做演讲 _ 休息 _ _ 再上两节课 _ 16 代表 _ 除 之外 _ 代替 _ 即又_ 例如 _每学期一次 _ 1. It s _ from my home to school 2. The head teacher will _