8Aunit3知识点整理.pdf

1 八年级英语课堂笔记 (收集整理杨友荣 ) 8A Unit 3 1. climb the hill 爬山climb (up)爬 climb up the Great Wall 爬长城 climb into the bed爬上床 climb through the window 从窗户爬出来 climb over the wall 翻越墙 2. need to exercise and keep fit 需要锻炼来保持健康 keep fit, keep healthy, stay healthy保持健康 keep sb + adj: keep us healthy keep sb + doing: keep workers working need作名词时，构成短语in need。作行为动词时有人称和数的变化，后接不定式或动 名词；当主语和它后面的动词之间有一种被动关系时，使用 need doing或 need to be done 。 作情态动词时无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 We should help people in need. He needs to study hard. A lot of homework needs finishing.A lot of homework needs to be finished. exercisen/v do morning /eye exercises. 做锻炼： do exercise 做练习： do exercises 他每天锻炼。 He does exercise every day. / He exercises every day. 3. come on ( 命令句 )快，快点吧；走吧；跟我来；这边来吧 Come on! Well be late for school.快点！我们上学要迟到了。 4. Lets enjoy ourselves! enjoy oneselfhave a good time玩得高兴 ,过得愉快， 2 反身代词与主语保持一致。 Lets do sth, shall we? 除此以外的祈使句，无论是肯定式还是否定式，附加疑问部分一 律用 will you 。 e.g. Dont be late again, will you? Open the door, will you? Let us go home, will you? 5. take a boat trip乘船旅行， go past the Opera House 经过悉尼歌剧院 6. sit in a little coffee shop by the River Seine坐在塞纳河畔的一个小咖啡店里 coffee house咖啡店；茶馆， coffee shop咖啡店 by在旁边(比 near近) Come and warm yourself by the fire. 过来烤烤火。 7. take care保重；当心，小心 take (good) care oflook afterwell (好好)照顾 look out 当心look out of 向外看 be careful小心be careful of/with珍视；注意 Please be careful of your health. 请注意你的健康。 8. a beautiful building with a big garden and many trees 介词短语 with a big garden and many trees 作后置定语，修饰名词a beautiful building。 9. foreign country 外国， a foreign language一门外语 10. have a wonderful/great/good time 玩得高兴；过得愉快 have a wonderful/great/good time + doing sth 11. interesting places places of interest有趣的地方；名胜(注意此处的 interest无复数 ) 这里 interest解释为 “ 令人感兴趣的事或人 ” 。 interest还表示 “ 兴趣” ， 常用的短语有：show/have interest in sth对某事感兴趣， show/have interest in doing sth对做某事感兴趣 Daniel shows/has great interest in computers. Daniel shows/has great interest in making his own home page. 3 12. invite me to join their school trip to the World Park 邀请我参加她们学校组织的去世界公园的旅行 invite sb to邀请某人去某地 sb be invited to某人应邀去某地， Millie invited me to her birthday party. I was invited to Millies birthday party. invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事 sb be invited to do sth某人应邀做某事， We should invite more people to take part in the charity show. More people should be invited to take part in the charity show. join 参加，加入某组织，如政党、社会团体等。join sb , join sb in sth 指和某人一起做某 事。join intake part in参加某活动， attend出席。试比较： He joined the tennis club. The man joined the army at the age of 19. He joined in the game. Did you take part in your school sports meeting? We re going to plant trees. Will you join us? He joined us in the game. 13. at the beginning开始；起初 at the beginningin the beginningat firstat the start开始；起初 at last, finally, in the end 后来；最后；终于，与上述短语“ 开始，起初 ” 意思相反。 at the beginning of在之初(后接时间 ) at the end of在末尾，在 的尽头 (后 接时间或地点 ) 注意：没有 in the beginn ing of , in the end of from beginning to end自始至终；从头到尾。 注意：该短语不含定冠词the。 begin with start with先做；以开始 e.g. Lets begin with Exercise 1. 表示“ 启程” 、机器的 “ 启动” 只能用 start。Lets start at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow. Well begun is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 14. at the school gate 在学校大门口 at 表示在较小的地方，如： at the theatre在剧院， at the party在聚会上， at the airport在机 场，at the bus stop在公交站台， at the crossing, at the crossroads 在十字路口 4 15. get on a coach 上长途汽车 get on /get off上、下 (车、船等 )，e.g. get on/get off the plane上、下飞机 16. a lot of trafficheavy trafficbusy traffic 交通拥挤，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 17. one / it / that (those) 的区别 Your coat is very nice. I will buy _one_ tomorrow. The weather in Beijing is colder than _that_ in Changzhou. People in China are more friendly than _those_ in the UK. I only have one copy of newspaper, do you want _it_? One 是指同类不同物，指代前面出现的单数名词， 复数用 ones； it 指同类同物；that或 those 用于比较级中。 试翻译： The pyramids look like the real ones. 18. whole ：the whole world= all the world the whole day = all day 19. arrive at the World Park到达世界公园 “ 到达” 有三种表达，get to某地， arrive at小地方， arrive in大地方， reach 某地。 get to，arrive at/in 后接地点副词时不能用介词，常用的地点副词有here, there, home 。如： get/arrive here/there/home到这里 /到那里 /到家。 20. be made of metal 由金属制成 be made of 由制成，强调从制成的成品上还能看得出原材料，物理变化。 The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木制的。 be made from 由制成，表示从成品上已经看不出原材料,化学变化。 Wine is made of grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 be made up of 由组成，由 构成，指各个部分组成整体。 Our class is made up of 54 students. 我们班由 54 名学生组成。 5 be made in 在某地制造NOKIA mobile phones are made in Beijing. 21. not any more再也不 no more，no more, no longer用于 be 动词后、行为动词前 not any more no more再也不 ( 表示程度、数量上的不再) not any longer no longer 不再( 表示时间上的不再延续 ) e.g. When the baby saw his mother, he did not cry any more. After having some bread, she was no longer hungry. more and more 越来越；越来越多 more or less几乎；差不多 what is more更有甚者；更为重要的是e.g. I ve more or less finished reading the book. 我差不多已经读完这本书。 You re wrong, and what is more you know it. 你错了！而且你明明知道你错了！ 22. the song and dance shows 歌舞巡游， join in the dancing 加入舞蹈行列 23. on the Internet 在因特网上 on the computer在电脑上， on the screen在屏幕上， on TV 在电视上 24. teach himself how to make a home page 自学制作网页 teach oneselflearn by oneself 自学，疑问词带 to 的动词不定式。 25. go and see for yourself亲自去看看 for oneself 亲自， by oneselfon one s ownalone独自；单独 Did she find it out for herself? Yes. She did it all by herself. 26. travel from one place to another从一个地方到另一地方旅行 from one place to another相当于 from place to place，类似的有： from one country to another from country to country。 fromto another中的 another不能用 other代替。 fromto 中的名词前不能用冠词a/an/the ，名词不能用复数。 6 from beginning to end自始至终， from head to foot从头到脚from morning to night 27. take a look at看一看 have/take a look看一看，只强调看的动作；have/take a look at看一看 I took a lot of photos in Shenzhen. May I have/take a look at them? Take a look at the things (people used in the past). 括号内的句子是定语从句。 28. in the past过去， at present现在， in the future将来；未来(注意介词 in/at 和冠词的搭配 ) 29. walk slowly around the big lake and feel the beauty of the old park in the Summer palace在 颐和园里环湖漫步，感受这座古老公园的美丽 beauty n. 美；美丽 e.g. A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. 美的事物永远令人喜爱。(语 出约翰 · 济慈 John Keats 英国文坛巨星、著名诗人，与雪莱、拜伦齐名) 美人；美丽的事物， She was a beauty in her day. around围绕；环绕 show sb around. 带领某人参观某地 The guide showed us around the Xuanwu Lake Park. The earth travels around the sun. 30. Which city do you want to go to? 该句的疑问词 which 作 go to 的宾语，不能使用 where。 例如该句可以回答为I want to go to Paris/Washington/London 试比较： Where does he live? Which flat does he live in? 31. travel by underground坐地铁 by underground乘坐地铁， by交通工具，是介词短语，此时by 后无介词。类似的有： by bus/train/plane/underground乘坐公共汽车 /火车/飞机/地铁。 表示“ 乘坐某交通工具去某地 ” 通常有两种表达： go to sp bytake the to 。 例如：坐地铁去市中心： go to the centre of the city by underground take the underground to the centre of the city 。 另外，“ 乘坐飞机去某地 ” 有三种形式：go to by plane take the plane to fly to(飞往) 7 32. learn more about old Beijing更多地了解老北京 33. great fun很有趣 fun 名词娱乐，嬉戏e.g. He is full of fun.他很有趣。 有趣的人或事We had a lot of fun at the party.在聚会上我们玩得很高兴。It is fun to play cards.玩牌很有趣。 (不加 a) for fun 闹着玩的， e.g. I have said it just for fun.我是说着玩的。 make fun of 嘲弄 e.g. They made fun of him. 34. go horse riding去骑马， e.g. You can go horse riding in Inner Mongolia. 35. keep their secret to themselves 保守着他们的这个秘密 keep sth to oneself不将某事说出去 e.g. She always keeps her ideas to herself. The problem of stress gets worse when people keep their worries to themselves. keep secrets for sb 为某人保密， e.g. Thank you so much for keeping the secret for me. keep secrets from sb 对某人保密 36. at the front of the bus在公交车的前部 at/in the front of在的前部 in front of“ 在的前面 ” ，主要指一物体在另一物体的前面，两者是分开的，反义词是 behind，“ 在的后面 ” ；而 at/in the front of 则指一物体中有一部分位于前部，在某物的前面 部分，即两者是包容的， the front 是某物的不可分割的组成部分；at/in the front of 的反义词 是 at the back of 在某物的后面部分；而before是“ 在的面前 ” 。 The introduction is always in/at the front of the book.序言总是置于卷首。 She sat in/at the front of the bus to get a good view of the country. Many people took photos (在前面 ) the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The robber was taken (在面前 ) the policeman. 37. in the final of the basketball competition在篮球赛决赛中 in the first half of the在的上半场比赛中， in the second half of the在的下半场比赛 8 中，in the final of the在的决赛中， half-time 中场休息， presentation of cup and medals 颁发 奖杯和奖牌仪式， gold medal金牌， silver medal 银牌， bronze medal铜牌。 注意：赢得 /获得金牌： win a gold medal 38. take place发生；举行，不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态中。 发生 The dialogue took place at a tailors shop. Great changes have taken place in China since 1989. 注意： happen是“ 偶然发生 ” e.g. What happened to him last night? 举行be held，e.g. The wedding of Michael and Stella will take place next Sunday. take the place of取代/代替，take ones place取代/代替某人 Here is a toy plane to take the place of the one you lost. My sister is ill, and Ive come to take her place. Now plastics (塑料) can take the place of steel in many ways in life. 39. go back to my school回到我的学校 go back toreturn to回到e.g. Hong and Macao have returned to China. 40. a fun place to visit动词不定式作后置定语，这里的fun 是形容词，意为 “ 有趣的 ” 。 41. the plan for today当天的计划 plan n.计划 v.计划 make a plan制订计划， make a/the plan for制订的计划， plan to do sth计划做某事e.g. make a plan for the coming summer holiday 42. change to the bus 换乘公共汽车 change v.，“ 交换” ，与复数宾语连用Can we change seats? change名词， 变化(可数名词 ) e.g. great changes 巨变找给的零钱 “Dont forget your change!” said the cashier. 43. take the bus all the way to the Palace Museum 乘公共汽车直达故宫 44. make it a really fun day for everyone使每个人度过真正有趣的一天 9 45. let me know as soon as possible.let sb know as soon as possible尽快通知某人 46. luck n.运气，常用于 Good luck to sb.祝某人好运。 Good luck with sth.某事好运。 luck lucky adj. 幸运的， e.g. a lucky dog幸运儿 lucky luckily幸好，幸运地，幸运的是，常用于句首。 Her handbag was stolen on her way back home. (luck), she hadnt put her keys in it. 47. support v.&n.支持；养活 e.g. have a lot of support from sb得到某人的大力支持 Mark has a big family to support.马克养活一大家人。 with one s support在某人的支持下 support supporter 支持者；拥护者e.g. Im a Yao Ming supporter.我是姚明的球迷。 48. instead adv. 代替 e.g. Theres nothing at the cinema. Lets go to the Internet bar instead. instead of名词 /代词/动名词 /介词短语，代替 e.g. Can I come at 9:00 instead of 8:00? 49. real/true词语辨析 real 和 true的主要含义不同， real 指确实存在、非相像的；true表示与事实相符、真实、 非杜撰的。 e.g. Was it real or was it a dream? 这是真实还是梦幻？Is the news true? 这消 息是真的吗？ a movie based on a true story 取材于真实故事的电影 50. movement n. 运动；行进；走动 e.g. There was a sudden movement in the bushes. 灌木丛里突然有什么东西动了一下。 the womens/peace movement 妇女/和平运动 51. ticket 票；券；入场券 a bus/theatre/plane ticket公共汽车票 /戏票/机票， Tickets are available from Arts Centre at ￥50. 艺术中心有票，每张50 元。 a ticket for票, free tickets for the show演出的免费入场券 10 a ticket office 售票处， a ticket machine自动售票机， a ticket collector 收票员 52. win (在比赛、赛跑、战斗中 )获胜,赢,后接宾语为比赛、赛跑、战斗等，不能接人作宾语 反义词 lose。winner 获胜者。 beat(在比赛或竞争中 )赢、打败 (某人)，后接的宾语是人或团体。 France won the World Cup in 1998, but lost in 2002. Congratulations! You win! He beat me at chess. Their recent wins have proved theyre still the ones to beat. 53. cheer vi.欢呼；喝彩； cheer for为欢呼cheerful高兴的；兴高采烈的， Cheering crowds greeted their arrival. We all cheered for our football team as they came on the field. The crowd cheered the President when he drove slowly by. He felt cheerful and full of energy.他感到兴高采烈，浑身充满活力。 cheers (用于祝酒 )干杯，常用作 Cheers! (英口)再见，如： Cheers then. See you later. 54. wonder 奇迹 e.g. Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders in the world. 想知道，常用于wonder if/whether, wonder wh-从句 e.g. I wonder if you can help me. Linda wonders where Simon is hiding. 55.The trip from Kittys school to the world took about two hours by coach. Sth takes sb some time by.乘坐某交通工具需要 时间。 The journey from Taipei to Beijing takes three hours by plane. 56. It was interesting to see models of so many places of interest from all over the world. It beadj.(for sb)to do sth. It 是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语，因为动词不定式 短语往往太长，为了避免头重脚轻，因此使用这种句型。 It is necessary for them to work hard from now on. 57. The cost is about ￥50 per person. 每个人的费用大约是50 元。 cost动词，表示 “ 某物的价值为 ” 用 Sth cost some money. Tickets cost ten dollars each. 每张票价为 10 美元。 11 costthe money that you spend on something 名词， “ 费用” 。e.g. the cost of the trip旅行的费 用，the cost of living 生活费用， cost price成本价， at all costs不惜任何代价， at any cost在任 何情况下；无论如何。 58.反身代词的常见考法： help yourself / yourselves to 请随便吃点 . make yourself/ yourselves at home. say to oneself自言自语 think of oneself 考虑自己 teach oneself sth自学某东西 teach oneself to do自学做某事 teach oneself how to do自学如何做某事 learn (to do) sth by oneself 自学（做）某事 by oneself = alone = o n one s own独自 for oneself 亲自 hurt oneself 伤了某人自己