2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练(6)含解析.pdf

2019 年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（6） 李仕才 A Life satisfaction is the way persons evaluate their lives and how they feel about their directions and options for the future. It's a measure of well-being and may be evaluated in terms of mood, satisfaction with relations with others and with achieved goals and self-concepts to cope with daily life. It's having a favorable attitude towards one's life as a whole rather than just an evaluation of current feelings. Life satisfaction has been measured in relation to economy, education, experiences, and residence, as well as many other topics. Life satisfaction can reflect experiences that have influenced a person in, a positive way. These experiences have the ability to motivate people to pursue and reach their goals. As a matter of fact, in these experiences there are two kinds of emotions that may positively influence how people understand their life. Hope and optimism both consist of emotional processes that are usually directed towards the reaching of goals. People who have higher life satisfaction are always full of hope for a better future; additionally, optimism is linked to higher life satisfaction, while pessimism is related to symptoms in depression. The psychologist, Yuval Palgi, studied the old-old-people who were primarily in their nineties. This subject group was found to have thought highly of their past and present, but they thought lower of their future. A large factor that was talked about in life satisfaction was intelligence. The experiments talk of how life satisfaction grows as people become older because they become wiser and more knowledgeable, so they begin to see that life will be better as they grow older and understand the important things in life more. But when they step into their nineties, future becomes a luxury to them. According to Seligman, the happier people are, the less they are focused on the negative. Happier people also have a greater tendency to like other people, which promotes a happier environment, which then correlates to a higher level of the persons' satisfaction with their life. 1.What can we learn about life satisfaction from Paragraph 1? A.It can be easily measured through income and education. B.It includes a positive attitude towards people's entire life. C.It merely determines people's attitude towards the future. D.It has nothing to do with the evaluation of current feelings. 2.What emotions have a positive effect on life satisfaction? A.Motivation and dream. B.Hope and depression. C.Optimism and pessimism. D.Hope and optimism. 3.What was the attitude of most old-old towards their future? A.They were less hopeful about it. B.They thought highly of it. C.They felt satisfied with it. D.They were scared of it. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A.Old People Have Much More Life Satisfaction B.Life Satisfactionthe Key to a Happier Life C.Optimism Ensures Life Satisfaction D.Emotions Affect Life Satisfaction 【文章大意】本文为议论文。讲述的是生活满足感是人们的生活更加幸福的关键。 1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话中的“It's having a favorable attitude towards one's life as a whole,”可知生活满足感包括对人们整个生活的积极肯定 的态度，故选B。 3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话中的“,but they thought lower of their future.” 可知大多数old-old对他们的未来不太乐观，故选A。 4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。 纵观全文可知本文讲的是生活满足感是人们的生活更加幸福的关键， 故选 B 。 B (2016·成都市高三诊断) One winter, my cousin and I were playing toy blocks in the yard. My mom was out for shopping to get groceries and my dad was asleep upstairs in his room. Suddenly, it started to snow. First it was just a little. But then it started to pour heavily. Then, we put the finishing touches to our blocks and headed back inside. Right when I opened the sliding glass door, my cousin fell down on the slippery wooden stairs. I let go of the door, my worst mistake, you see. The door locks automatically but I had put a rock, right next to the door so it wouldnt close. But while I was running to my cousins aid Id accidentally kicked the rock. Now, my cousin and I were locked outside. And unfortunately it started to get really windy. It was really freezing with the snow. First we started to call my dad, but he was sleeping soundly. I mean, slept through a tornado soundly. It was of no use. Then I tried to climb over the fence but it didnt work because the fence was iced by snow and wind, and the fence is six feet high. So, I climbed up to my tree house and brainstormed some ideas on ways to get in. At one point, I was seriously considering jumping out of the tree house and using the trampoline(蹦床 ) to jump over the fence. So, we got to work. First, I took out the trampoline. Then I started to jump. First try I almost cracked my head. Second try this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second, he chickened_out. Third tryI jumped and missed but at the last second, my hand caught the fence, and with a lot of pushing I finally climbed over the fence and luckily, I fell on a big snowdrift. Then I got inside and unlocked the door for my cousin to get in. Finally, my mom came back. Then we shared this story to my mom and dad. 【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是作者与表弟在后院玩耍时突遇风雪天气，因 意外他们被锁在门外的经历。 1When the author wanted to jump in, the main problem was that_. A the fence was icy B the fence was slippery and high C the trampoline couldnt bear the weight D the trampoline was too small 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段的“Then I tried to climb over the fence but it didn t work because the fence was iced by snow and wind， and the fence is six feet high. ”可知，作者之所以跳不过去是因为篱笆又高又滑，即B项正确。 2The attitude of the authors cousin towards jumping on the trampoline seems_. Apassive Bpositive Cindifferent Dobjective 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second，he chickened_out”可知作者的表弟对作者的提议持消极态度， 即 A项正确。 3The words “chickened out ” (in Paragraph 5) most probably mean “_” Afell down Bcried out Cjumped up Dbacked out 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second，he chickened_out”中的 convinced和 but 可知，作者说服了 表弟，但在最后一秒钟表弟又打退堂鼓了，即D项正确。 4Which would be the best title of the text? A Climbing over the Fence in the Snow B An Adventure in the Yard C Friendship Produces Pleasure D We Are Independent 解析：选 B。标题归纳题。文章讲述的是作者与表弟在后院玩积木时突遇风雪天气，因意 外他们被锁在门外时所采取的冒险行动，因此B项正确。 C Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values this cant be repeated too often are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering(干涉 ) with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old. Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance( 机械维修，保养) as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cant ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while theres life, theres hope. When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun. 1. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. The values are different between the old and the young. B. The moral problems raised by old people. C. The personal freedom for the old. D. Old peoples viewpoint on life. 2. We can know from the first paragraph that_. A. Very old people would like to live alone to have more personal freedom. B. Very old people are able to keep their room clean. C. Very old people like to live with their children. D. Social services have nothing to do with very old people. 3. According to the author, which of the following is right? A. The older a person, the more care he needs. B. Too much emphasis has been put on old peoples values. C. The human body can t be compared to a car. D. It is easy to provide spare parts for old people. 4.The underlined word “it ” in the last paragraph refers to “_”. A. their money or their health B. the conclusion you come to C. your talk to the old people D. whether age is happy or unpleasant 【参考答案及解析】 1.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第 1 句 Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them 及全文内容可知，答案选 B。 2. A 推理判断题。根据文章第 1 段最后几句 Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old 可 知，答案选 A 。 3. A 推理判断题。根据文章第 2 段第 2 句 The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older 可知，答案选 A。 4. D 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句 you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun 可知，答案选 D(from www.nmet168.com)。 D (2015·北京东城区综合练习二) Your car is a necessary part of your life.You use it every day.Of course ，you want to hold on to it so you make sure it has the latest alarm and immobilizer(汽车防盗 器) But despite all these，cars like yours are still stolen every day.In fact，in this country， one car is stolen almost every minute！And if your car is stolen， you only have a 50：50 chance of seeing it again. Each year ，car crime costs nearly 3 billion.Of course，if youre insured， you won t lose out ， or will you？Firstly，you will have to pay extra insurance later on，and then you may not be offered the full amount by the agent.You will probably have to hire a car and you will also lose the value of the contents and accessories(配 件)in the car. Now comes the solution.An RAC Trackstar system ，hidden in one of 47 possible secret locations(位置 ) in your car，is the key of our system.If your car is stolen，radio signals are sent at twenty-second intervals from the car to the RAC Trackstar National Control Center via a satellite network.Then a computer gives the vehicles exact location，speed and direction. The RAC Trackstar National Control Center ， which operates 24 hours a day,365 days a year ，will immediately inform the police in the area where the car is located.Because the police receive information every twenty seconds，they will always know the vehicle s location.Once the thief has been arrested，your car will be returned to you. RAC Trackstar is unique in being able to provide the National Control Center with details of the exact location of your car，its speed and direction.And speed is the key to successful recovery of a stolen vehicle.RAC Trackstar Control will immediately tell the police if you report your car stolen and under the 24-hour Guardian Option.It will also tell you if your car has been stolen.RAC Trackstars constant updates mean the police are kept informed of the cars location.All these greatly improve your chances of seeing your car again. 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种汽车防盗系统RAC Trackstar 。 1If your car is stolen，you will have to _. Ahire a new car Bpay more insurance Cbuy a RAC Trackstar system Dinform the NationalControlCenter 解析： 选 B。细节理解题。 根据第二段第三句中的“Firstly，you will have to pay extra insurance later on”可知，如果你的车被盗了，你会付更多的保险费用。故选B。 2The Trackstar system can tell the police _. Awhere the car is Bhow the car is stolen Cwho the thief is Dwhat brand the car is 解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“RAC Trackstar s constant updates mean the police are kept informed of the cars location.”可知，如果你的车被盗了，RAC Trackstar会提供车的具体位置给警方。故选A。 3The underlined word “ It ” in the last paragraph refers to _. Athe local police station Bthe Guardian Option Cthe insurance company Dthe RAC Trackstar Control 解析：选 D。 指代判断题。 根据画线词所在句中的“also ”和上一句可知，“It ”应指“ RAC Trackstar Control”。故选D。 4According to the passage，people with RAC Trackstar _. Aare more likely to get the stolen cars back Bhave less chance of being in an accident Cseldom get their vehicles damaged Dautomatically find directions 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“All these greatly improve your chances of seeing your car again.”可知，拥有RAC Trackstar的人找到自己被盗的车的 机会更大。故选A。 E Too much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree,new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children. One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders.Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs. A second study,looking at nearly 1,000 grown-ups in New Zealand,found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood.But the results dont prove that TV is the cause and dont rule out that already poorly motivated youngsters(年轻人 ) may watch lots of TV. Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages 5 and 15.Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood,compared with an average of more than 2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school. In the California study,children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest,while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores,it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldnt have TVs in their bedrooms. 1.According to the California study,the low-scoring group might . A.have watched a lot of TV B.not be interested in math C.be unable to go to college D.have had computers in their bedrooms 答案 :A 解析 : 推理判断题。 第二段中对加利福尼亚北部400 名三年级学生的研究发现, 卧室里有电视的 学生要比卧室里没有电视的学生考试分数低8 分左右。据此推断考试分数低的原因可能是看电 视太多。故选A项。 2.What is the researchers understanding of the New Zealand study results? A.Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV. B.Habits of TV-watching reduce learning interest. C.TV-watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds. D.The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain. 答案 :D 解析 : 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话可知, 对大约 1000 名新西兰成年人的研究结论是: 教育水平低不一定是因为看电视过多, 但也不能排除。据此推断观看电视和受教育的水平之间 的联系很难解释。故选D项。 3.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A.More time should be spent on computers. B.Children should be