【考研英语】历年考研英语真题答案(1990—2003年).pdf

2003 年考研英语真题答案 Section II: Use of English (10 points) 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. A Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) Part A (40 points) 41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. D 60. C Part B (10 points) 61. 而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己 独特的想法和想象。 62. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、 有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。 63. 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研 究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。 64. 泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、 道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。 65. 因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大 量的具体研究和认识成为可能。 Section IV: Writing (20 points) 66. 参考范文 As is shown in the two pictures, the same flower has different fate when put in different situations. When there is protection, the flower blooms beautifully. However, when exposed directly to rain and storm, the flower quickly withers. We can safely come to the conclusion that greenhouse flowers cannot withstand rain and storm. The same is true with our children. As the one-child policy is adopted in China, more and more parents overprotect their children. With everything done for them and every need satisfied by their parents or grandparents, these only children seem to be healthy, happy and high-spirited. But when they leave home, they become disappointed and frustrated. Facing harsh things they have never experienced before, such as competition from peers, criticism from supervisors, pressure for deadlines and restriction for discipline, they will be at a loss, miserable or even desperate. In fact, the more protection they get from their parents, the less ability they acquire. Parents love for their children turns out to be a disaster. Children, like flowers, should be treated with care, but reasonable and sensible ways of doing things will help to bring about more fruitful results, if we not only love our children but also teach them how to love, our love will be passed down from generation to generation; if we not only solve problems for our children but also encourage them to solve problems, our diligence and ingenuity will make our life more meaningful and worthwhile. 2002 年考研英语真题答案 Section II: Use of English (10 points) 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) Part A (40 points) 41. C 42. B 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. D 54. A 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. D Part B (10 points) 61. 难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、 性格特征、 人性等方面去寻找行 为的根源。 62. 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的， 部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。 63. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时 的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。 64. 自由和尊严(它们 ) 是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负 责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。 65. (如果 ) 这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯 一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。 Section IV: Writing (20 points) 66. 参考范文 Cultures - national and international As is shown in the picture, a young American girl is wearing traditional Chinese dress and ornaments and is smiling sweetly. It may be an ordinary picture, but it conveys deep and profound meaning: national culture is also international culture. Ever since we opened our door to the world, we have attracted and influenced by things from other cultures, such as jeans, country music and fast food. We have shown such interest in them that some people, especially the younger generation, become crazy about them. The more exotic they are, the more fashionable they seem to be. Now, national culture begun to show its charm and gain popularity all over the world. Our national costume, just as shown in the picture, Beijing Opera, Cross Talk, for example, have won favor with a lot of foreigners. As national culture becomes international culture, people in the world better understand each other. We are all villagers in this global village. Mutual respect and understanding make this world a better place to live in. 2001 年考研英语真题答案 Section II: Cloze Text (10 points) 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. C Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. C 64. A 65. D 66. B 67. B 68. B 69. C 70. D Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 71. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车 排污超标(违规 )，监控器就会使其停驶。 72. 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而 不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字体时代就来到了。 73. 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出 了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。 74. 但皮尔森指出， 这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步， 最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。” 75. 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病- 厨 房狂躁。 Section V: Writing (20 points) 76. 参考范文 This picture is a symbol that tells us how we should use our love: our love is like a lamp; the darker the place, the brighter the light. Indeed, love is most precious when it is offered to someone who is in difficulty. I can tell you a real story here. When I was a child, my family moved to the countryside. Among our new neighbors was a paralyzed woman. As an innocent child, I somehow showed some interest in her. When I had time, I would to see her. When I had something to eat, I would let her share with me. One day she suddenly said to me, tear in her eyes, “ I will bless you when I am in heaven.” I knew my love for her had worked wonders, for I had never heard her speaking and I thought she had lost her ability to speak. Her blessing may have really worked for I have been a lucky person in work and in life. As far as I understand, love is sympathy and sincerity that needs not be expressed in terms of money or sweet words. As the proverb goes, “ a hand may smell fragrant when it gives roses to others.” I believe love is the most precious thing in the world and we should give it to those who need it most. 2000 年参考答案： Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. B 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. A 61. C 62. D 63. B 64. D 65. C 66. A 67. A 68. C 69. D 70. B Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 71. 在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领 域专家的协助。 72. 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高 则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。 73. 大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗的思想， 由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。 74. 在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变 革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。 75. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易) 造成的种种问题 也会对社会造成新的压力。 Section V: Writing (15 points) 76. 参考范文 These two pictures display a sharp contrast: there were a lot of fish with one fishing boat in the sea in 1900 while the situation was just the opposite in 1995. obviously, the fishing industry was facing a major problem, with all the ocean resources being exhausted so quickly. The drawer is not exaggerating or joking about commercial fishing. On the contrary, he is seriously warning us that our way of thinking and ways of doing things are unreasonable and dangerous. Our resources are limited and our ecosystem needs careful consideration and protection. If we only care about the present, we will suffer in the future. It s just like building friendship and saving money: the more you put into it, the more you can get; the more you take out, the less it is left. Measures should be taken if such disappointing situation is to be avoided. I suggest that government make laws and regulations to guide and supervise people s fishing activity, punishing those who only care about their own interest and bring harm to others and the environment. I also appeal to the public that money is not the only thing we can pursue and fish is not the only food we can eat. Whether for the benefit of the human race or for the interest of our own, we should show concern for others and make plans for the future. Only in this way can we live happily and affluently 1999 年参考答案： Section II: Cloze Test (10 points) 41. D 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. D Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. B 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. B 64. C 65. D 66. A 67. A 68. B 69. D 70. A Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 71. 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是 试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。 72. 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界 并不认为历史是一门学问。 73. 在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究 方法。 74. 所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的 研究手段，人们对此意见不一。 75. 这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人 士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。 Section V: Writing (15 points) 76. 参考范文 The two graphs tell us something about population growth and wildlife extinction in the U.S. From 1800, the American population has been growing all the time. In the 100 years from 1600 to 1700, the number of wildlife species remained almost stable, with the next 200 years witnessing a growing trend in wildlife extinction. It can be easily seen that the more the human beings, the fewer the animal species. There may be several reasons for this effect. First, as human population expands, more and more wild animals are hunted for food. Second, due to all kinds of pollution and the damage of ecosystem caused by man, some animals have nowhere to live. Third, some animals are of great medical value, they become the targets for making money. It is time we took some measures to stop this disturbing trend. On one hand, government should pass some laws and regulations to prevent people from killing more wild animals and forbid further damage to our environment. On the other hand, we should cultivate the awareness that animals are our friends and their extinction poses a threat rather than brings benefits to us. Only when human beings live in harmony with all kinds of animals can we really build a beautiful and healthy world. 1998 年参考答案： Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) 51. C 52. D 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. B 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D 61. A 62. A 63. B 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. B 69. D 70. C Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 71. 更为重要的是， 这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150 亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 72. 巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主 导地位所不可缺少的。 73. 天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久 会报告他们的观测结果。 74. 假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更 完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。 75. 宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信 的推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。 Section V: Writing (15 points) 76. 参考范文 Recently, more and more people have seen varieties of promises either from TV, newspaper or from other media. As is shown in the cartoon, even a hen has learned how to promise. We all know that hen s duty is to lay eggs which should undoubtedly consist of most elementary part. But the hen promises what she should do! (图画点题 , 夹叙夹议 ) With the development of the society and the improvement of people s living standard, more and more attention should be paid to the improvement of quality of service. Therefore, many enterprises and departments promise to better thei r services so as to meet the people s need better. They are also pleased to invite people to supervise what they have done and will do. But much to our surprise, some of them just say something that they should do. These promises are only laughed at by people. (解释配诗 , 又有议论 ) In my opinion, doing more is better than promising more, because people are willing to be served really. All we should lay more emphasis on what we do and how we can virtually improve the level of service. Only in this way can we make people satisfied with what we do. (发表自己的观点) 评语：内容切题, 包括图画的全部信息；清楚表达其内涵, 文字连贯；句式有变化, 句子结 构和用词正确 , 文章长度符合要求。本作文得13 分 1997 硕士研究生入学考试答案 Section II: Cloze Test (10 points) 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. D 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. A 61. A 62. B 63. C 64. D 65. B 66. A 67. C 68. B 69. A 70. D Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 71. 事实并非如此, 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的, 而这种共同认 识并不存在。 72. 有些哲学家论证说, 权利只存在在于社会契约中, 是责任与权益相交换的一部分。 73. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端, 它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人 类自身一样关切体谅, 要么完全冷漠无情。 74. 这类人持极端看法, 认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同, 对待动物无须考虑道德问 题。 75. 这种反应并不错, 这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用, 这种本能应得到鼓励, 而不应遭到嘲弄。 Section V: Writing (15 points) 76. 参考范文 例文一 We meet smokers everywhere: in the streets, on college campuses and in shops. There are 5.8 billion people in the world, and the smokers are about 1.1 billion, which makes up 20 percent of the worlds total population. Smoking is very harmful. I think there are two main aspects to the damage. First, smoking consumes a great deal of money. As is shown in the pictorial graph, smoking wastes 200 billion dollars each year in the world. Second, smoking does harm to the health of smokers, and it is the main cause of lung cancer. About 3 million people die because of the relevant diseases derived from smoking every year. Because more and more people are aware of the great harm of smoking to humans, the amount of tobacco consumption is on the decrease. From the following figures we can clearly see the tendency. The total amount of world tobacco production added up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but it dropped to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. At the same time, many countries call on people to give up smoking. So it is certain that the number of smokers is to decrease. 例文二 About Tobacco Consumption From the above set of pictures, we can see that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. Because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly, it can be predicted that the tendency of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly. There are many reasons. Firstly, smoking wastes money. Every year there are two hundred billion dollars “ burnt ” in the cigarette “ fire.” Secondly, smoking would hardly do people any good and it can even cause cancer. Every year there are three million people “ buried” in the cigarette “ tomb”. Although tobacco consumption is falling, there are too many people who smoke. The population in the world is 5.8 billion, but about twenty percent of the population, that is to say 1.1 billion people, smoke. So the situation is serious and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task. 1996 年硕士研究生入学考试答案 Section II: Cloze Test (10 points) 41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. A Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points) 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. C 58. D 59. C 60. A 61. C 62. D 63. D 64. A 65. B 66. A 67. D 68. B 69. B 70. A Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points) 71. 在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求