初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点梳理.pdf

资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 Unit 1 Play Sports 【考点解析】 Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? Section A 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against 表示“对着：反对；靠着” 2cheer sb on 为加油，鼓劲 3win 和 beat都可表示“赢” ，但用法不同。 (1) win(won ，won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。 (2) beat(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。 a game a team win+ 事物a war beat+对手a nation a prize an apponent(对手 ) 4prefer 宁愿，更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sth to doing sth 跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sb sthto sb. sth跟某 人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物 (2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 (3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 5join take part in (1)join 参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员 (2)join sb (in doing sth)和某人一起 (做某事 ) (3)join in=take part ，in 参加某项活动 Section B 1play for a team 为某队效力be inon the team 在某队打球 2dream 作名词，“梦，梦想” 。egmy dream job 也可作动词dream of about sth.doing sth 3 “one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最之一”。 4break the record 打破记录 5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics在 2008 年北京奥运会中。 “在比赛中”用in e gin the racein the basketball game 6give up 放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。eggive it up ，give up doing sth 放弃做某事。 7What a Shame=What a pity 真遗憾 ! Section C 1spendcostpaytake (1)spend 作“花费”之意时，指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。 (2)cost 主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是sthcosts sb (3)pay sb，酬谢某人，payfor可等同于spendon，或用cost 作同义句转换。 (4)take 一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it 作形式主语。 2do exercise=play sports 做运动，锻炼 3There be 句型的将来时结构为There is are going to be 或 There will be 。注意在There be 句型中不 能出现表示“有”的have 和 has。 4the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 5Sure (1)be sure that+从句 egI am sure that he is right (2)sbbe sure to do sth某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。 (3)be sure of about sth doing sth “确信”，表示主语对有把握。 (4)用在祈使句里Be sure(not)to do sth一定 (不)做某事egBe sure to come here early 6make 的用法。 (1)make sbdo sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。 (2)“make sb sth+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。 (3)make sth for sb make sbsth为某人制作 7be good for“对有益” ，反义词组是be bad for“对有害” 。 8keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康 Section D 1play against 跟进行比赛 play with play againstplay for play with 玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。 play against 同比赛。play for 为效力。 2leavefor离开某地去某地leave for=set off for 出发去某地 3一般将来时 (1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与 表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow ，soon，later on，next time(week ， month，year，Sunday)等。 (2)结构为 be going to do sth或 will do sth 。There be 句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be 或 There will be 。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的havehas。 (3)表示位置移动的动词go, come， leave，fly ， start 等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中go 和 come 一定要用现在进行时表示将来。 【例 19】(10 年河北中考 )This term_ over The summer vacation is coming in two weeks Ais Bwas Chas been Dwill be 【例 20】(10 年重庆中考 )If you_ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week ， I will go with you Ago Bhas gone C will go Dare going 【考点解析】 Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water? Section A 1would couldwill you(please)do sth “请你做好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是 would couldwill you(please)not do sth 。egWould you please not play the piano loudly? 2 fall ill “生病” ，be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。 feel ill“ 感觉不舒服” ，强调一种身体感受。fall down 摔倒，跌倒。 3mind 的用法 (1)作动词，表示“介意” ，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mind sb sth doing sth 对 would you mind sb sb's doing sth及“ would you mind if+ 从句”的回答，如果是表达“会 介意”，可用 Yes，you'd better not I am sorry but I do 如果表达“不会介意”，可用 No，not at all Never mind It doesn't matter No， of course not (2)用于提出建议。 Would you mind doing sth would you mind not doing sth? 对 Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用Of course not，I will do it right away SorryI will do it right away对 would you mind not doing sth 的回答可以用Sorry，I won't do it again I'm sorry about that (4)作名词，“思想”。set one's mind to do sth on sth专注于做某事 4be gladhappy to do sth乐意做某事 5practice sth doing sth练习做某事 Section B 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 1be always doing sth老是，含有抱怨的感情色彩。 2careless形容词，反义词是careful。carelessly 副词，反义词是carefully 3chance机会 have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事 4What do you mean by sth doing sth?=What's the meaning of sth doing sth? 5shout at sb朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到， 没有感情色彩。 6fight with sb =have a fight with sb 与某人打架 7be angry with sb意为“生某人的气” ，如： 【链接】 (1) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤，(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气，如： 8do one's best to do sth=try to do sth 尽力做某事 9say sorryhellogoodbye to sb向某人道歉问候，道 10befeel sorry for to do 为而抱歉(难过 ) 11keep 的用法 (1) keep sbdoing sth使某人一直做某事 (2)“keep sb sth+宾补 +adj ”使某人某物处于某种状态 (3)“keep sb sth+宾补 +adv ”使某人某物处于某种状态(4)keep doing sth继续不断做某事 e(5)“keep+表语” ，表示保持继续(处于某种状态) egkeep fit healthy (6)赡养 e gMy father keeps a big family (7)保存，保留egHow long can I keep the book? 12turn down 调低音量turn up 调高音量turn on 打开 turn off 关上注意代词都要放在中间。 【分析比较】turn on“打开 (水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”turn off “关掉 (水龙头、电视、收 音机、灯、煤气等)” 。turn up“开大，调高” 。turn down “减少，关小” 13in a minute right away at once立刻，马上 14对 sorry 的回答可以是That's OK(all right) It doesn't matter Never mind Not at all Section C 1love doing to do sth喜欢做某事 2exciting excited exciting 指使人感到兴奋的事excited 是指人对感到兴奋 3as welltooalsoeitherso neither (1)tooas well 表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。egTom is a student； Jack is a student，tooas well (2)also 表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be 动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。 (3)在否定句中，都要改为either。(4)so 表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+ be 动词助动词情态动词+主语” 。 e g Kate went shopping yesterday； Tom went shopping ， too as well(so did Tom) (5)neither 表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+ be 动词助动词情态动词 +主语”。eg。Kate didn't go shopping yesterday ；Tom didn't go shopping ，either(Neither did Tom) 4so that 引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便， 目的是， 为了”。从句的谓语动词要用may，can，should， could 等情态动词， 表示目的状语， 相当于 in order that， 可以改成in order to do 句型。e g Let's take the front seats so that in order that we may see more clearly =Let's take the front seats in order to see more clearly 6otherothersanotherthe otherthe others other 作形容词，指“其他的，别的”。eg other students others(1)别人 egYou must be polite to others (2)“其他的人或物” ，指在一个范围之内，除去一部 分后剩余的部分， 而不是全部， 一般出现短语some others 中。e.g There are many students in the classroom， some are reading， some are writing，others are talking 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 another(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一个，再一个” 。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jack has bought another pen (2)别的，不同的。I don't like this shirt Please show me another one (3)another+数词 +名词一数词 +more+ 名词。“再多一些” ，在原来的基础上再加一些。 onethe other 两者之间一个另一个 Section D 1连接时间的介词用法(1)ago“多久之前” ，用过去式。 结构是 “段时间 +ago”egtwo days ago(2) “before+点时间”，表示“在几点前” ，可用过去时、 将来时或一般现在时。egThey will be here before 7 ： 00。(3)“in+段时间”，指“多久之后” ，用将来时。 egWe will get to Beijing in three days(4)“ after+ 点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。egWe often play football after 5 ：00 in the afternoon “after+段时间”，表示“多久之后” ，只能用于过去式。egHe came back after four days 2instead 副词， “代替。 而。相反” ，单独使用时放句末。instead of sthdoing sth. 取代而不是 3build sb up 使某人更强壮4have fun doing sth 做某事很愉快 (1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心，过得快乐 (2) have fun with ab. 与某人共度快乐时光 (3) Have fun Enjoy yourself Have a good time 等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。 Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in? Section A 1 the sports meetmeeting 运动会 the boys' 800 一 meter race男子 800 米赛跑 the long jump 跳远 the high jump 跳高 the relay race 接力赛跑 2It's theone's firstsecond time to do sth 3make friends with sb 与某人交朋友。注意friends 要用复数形式。 4 be ready for sth 为某事而准备。5 maybemay be maybe=perhaps副词， “ 也许， 大概” 。 e g Maybe he is at the bus station nowmay be 是情态动词may 后接动词原形be， Section B l. 打电话问对方是某人时，可以问Is that(speaking)?回答可以是Yes，who's that?Speaking 问对方是谁时用Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说This is(speaking)。找人接电话时，应该 说 Hello ，may I speak to sb?回答时如果是本人接的电话，可以直接说speaking。 2 Let's make it half past six 让我们定在六点半吧。 make it(1) 指约定时间egLet's make it at 6 ：30(2)办成，做到 (打算或希望做的事) 3pass动词， “传递”。pass sb sth=pass sthto sb把某物传给某人。egWould you please pass me the book? “经过”。eg She was the first one to pass the finishing linepass by“经过 (某地 )” 。past 可作副词或介词， “在旁经过” 。egHe hurried past me without stopping to talk with me 【例 6】(09 年新疆中考 )Did you see the accident yesterday? YesIt happened when I the museum Awalked pass Bwas walking past Cwalk past Dwas walking pass 【例 7】We need _ _ _ (再加两个人 )to do the work 4congratulations祝贺你。当别人取得成绩、荣誉时，我们可以对他说：Congratulations! 【例 8】(10 年广东中考 )Yesterday 1 won the first place in the 100-meter race Really? _ ! ACongratulations BNever mind CThat's all right DI'm sorry to hear that 5take photospictures 照相egLook，lots of students are taking photos of the beautiful flowers 【例 9】(10 年兰州中考 ) what are on show in the museum? Some photos_ by the children of Yushu ，Qinghai Ahave been taken B were taken Care taken Dtaken Section C 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 1holdhave a sports meet举行运动会 2be good at sthdoing sth=do well in sth doing sth擅长 (做)某事 do badly in sth doing sth在某方面做得糟糕 【例 10】His father is good at making model planes (同义句改写 ) His father_ _ _ _model planes 3encourage sbto do sth鼓励某人做某事。 【例 11】 My father often encourages me_(study)hard 4take exercise=do sports 做运动。其中exercise 是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”。它也可以做 可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。egdo morning exercises 做早操 【例 12】(10 年陕西中考 ) what do you think of the _ ? I think they are good for our eyes We should do them often Aeyes exercise Beye exercise Ceye exercises 5be able to 和 can (1) 表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。 e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was able to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就会骑自行车了。 (2) be able to 有人称时态及数的变化，而can只有过去式could. e.g. We will be able to make it in 2010. 到 2010 年我们就可以做到了。 (3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用can。 e.g. The boy can t be Mike ，he left for Paris yesterday. 那个男孩不可能是Mike. ，他昨天去巴黎了。 【例 13】Jack's father_ _ _(能 )swim when he was five years old 【例】 Could I use your dictionary? Yes，you_. Acan Bcould C need Dshould 6 do sthfor the first second time 第一二次做某事e gWe took part in the school sports meet for the second time last year 【例 14】 China took part in the Olympics the first time in 1951 Aat Bfor C to Don 7more“更多” ，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是less， “更少”，接不可数名词。fewer“更 少” ，接可数名词复数。 【例 15】(10 年黄冈中考 ) What's the low-carbon lifestyle like? Save_ energy，produce_ carbon Amore；more Bless；more Cless；less D more；less Section D 1stand for 代表egRed stands for good luck in China 【例 16】(08 年龙岩中考 )The Tang costume_ _(代表 )Chinese history and fashion culture 2at least=as little as 至少，反义词是at most=as much as至多。 【例 17】 This pair of shoes costs_ _( 至少 )200 yuan 【例 18】(10 年成都中考 )The food I cook isn't delicious ，but _I can look after myself Aat first Bat last Cat least 【习题精练】 单项选择 1(10 年杭州中考 ) Would you like to have _ chicken? No， thanksIt's delicious ，but I've had enough Asome other Bsome more Canother some 2(10 年长沙中考 )I am sure you will_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them Acatch up with Bagree with Cget on badly with Dmake friends with 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 3(10 年安徽中考 ) It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures RightThat's what she likes to do _ Amore Blest Cmost Dleast 4(10 年十堰中考 ) Where is Jeff? I'm not sure He _playing football on the playground Amaybe Bmay be Ccan be Dmust be 5(10 年安徽中考 )Bob promises to_ the football match unless he has to help his parents on the farm Ajoin Bjoin in Ctake part to 6(10 年山西中考 )English is difficult for meHow can I improve it? Don't lose your confidence I believe you will_ it if you keep trying Atake Bwork Cpick Dmake 7(09 年山西中考 ) Is it polite to speak and laugh loudly _ ? No， I don't think so A. in public B at least Con time 8(09 年新疆中考 ) Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes，We were all_ about the_ match Aexciting ；excited Bexciting ；exciting Cexcited；excited Dexcited；exciting 9(09 年广州中考 )Have you _ your new classmates yet? Ahad friends with Bmade friend with Cgot friend to Dmade friends with 10(09 年宁德中考 )I called you yesterday ，but nobody_ the phone Achecked Brepaired Canswered 11(09 年天门中考 )why do you like that scarf so much? Because I think it can_ me good luck Afetch Bbring Cpass Dtake 12(09 年潍坊中考 )Liu Qian ，as a little boy，was so_ his own magic world that he seldom went out to play with other children Agood at B mad about C popular with Dafraid of 13(09 年福州中考 )We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014 Wow，_ !Will it pass our place? Awhat an excited news Bhow excited the news is Cwhat exciting news Dhow exciting news 14(08 年南通中考 ) Hello! May I speak to Mr Smith? _，pleaseHe is answering another call right now AGo on BCome on CKeep on DHold on 15(07 年厦门中考 )Doctors often suggest， “_vegetables and meat can help you keep fit” AMore； less BFew； much CFewer；more Unit 2 Keeping Healthy 【考点解析】 Topic 1 You'd better go to see a doctor Section A 1what's wrong with sb sth=what s the matter with sb sth 2have a cold 患感冒， have 后可跟表示疾病的词语。用来表示“患疾病”。eghave a headache the flu 【例 1】 You look so pale on your face ， do you_ _ _( 患感冒 )? 资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 3shouldshouldn't 情态动词“应该不应该”eg Should I do sth ?Yes，you should No， you shouldn't No，you needn't 【例 2】(10 年江西中考 ) How was the youth club last night ，Mark? It was great funYou_ come Amust Bcan Cshould Dmay 以下是我们所学过的情态动词： (1)can 能会， can't 不能不允许，过去式could，couldn't。egCan I do sth?Yes，you canNo， you can't(2)need“需要”，作为情态动词时无人称和时态的变化，多用于疑问句或否定句中。egNeed I do sth ?Yes， you musthave to No， you needn'tdon't have to (3)must 必须， mustn t 表示 “禁止”。 e g Must I do sth?Yes，you mustNo， you needn'tdon't have to(4)may“可以能够” ，无否定形式。May I do sth?Yes，you may canNo，you can't 【例 3】(10 年福州中考 ) Dad，must I do my homework now? NoYou_ play games with your friends for a little while Awould Bneedn't Cmay 4take a(good)resthave a(good)rest(好好 )休息 【例 4】After a whole day's work ，we want to_ _ _( 休息一下 ) 5英语中表示疾病的名词或词组大多可以采取“身体部位名词+ache”或“ sore+身体部位名词”来表 达。e g headheadache stomachstomachache backbackache toothtoothache earearache kneesore knee throatsore throat eyesore eye foot sore foot 【例 5】(09 年潜江中考 ) he have a_I can't eat anything Maybe you should see a dentist Acold Bfever Cheadache D toothache 6Plenty of 意思是“大量的” ，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。一般用在肯定句中，否定 句或疑问句中改为enough 或 many(much)。eg There is plenty of time left Is there enough time left? 【例 6】(10 年山西中考 )They have_ time to do that ， but we don't have_ money for it Aplenty of ；some B1ittle ；few C plenty of ；enough Da lot of；lots of 【考点链接】a lot ofplenty of a number of (1)There are_ people in the park on Sundays (2)You should drink_ water ，and have a good rest 【分析比较】a lot of：lots of 表示“大量的，许多” 。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。plenty of 与 a lot of 同义，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。a number of 表示“许多，大量的” ，修饰可数名 词。故 (1)三者都可以用。而(2